OBJECTIVE To explore prevention and control measures and disinfection methods of intestinal virus hospital infection.METHODS Based on the prevention and control of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(2009),the measures on the administration of hospital infection and disinfection techniqul were taken,under the guidance of the center for disease control.RESULTS The effective prevention and control in intestinal virus stopped the spread and cross-infection.CONCLUSIONS Countermeasures of intestinal virus diseases caused by toxic encephalitis are effective following HFMD hospital infection prevention and control measures.

Objective To study the relationship between serum retinal binding protein 4 (RBP4) level and acute cerebral infarction,and to analyze the correlation between RBP4 level and the related risk factors of acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with acute cerebral infarction were chosen as observation group,and 80 cases of contemporaneous healthy examined people were selected as control group.The levels of serum RBP4,body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting serum insulin (FINS),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure after admission of each group were measured.Statistic analysis was processed between the level of serum RBP4 and acute cerebral infarction or related risk factors.Results The level of serum RBP4 in observation group was increased compared with that in control group [(41.68 ± 5.12) mg/L vs.(23.84 ± 3.26) mg/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The Pearson relative analysis showed positive correlation between the level of serum RBP4 and related risk factors of acute cerebral infarction FBG,FINS,LDL-C,BMI,systolic pressure.The Logistic stepwise regression analysis suggested that BMI,LDL-C and age were independently associated with the level of serum RBP4.Conclusion RBP4 plays an important role in the incidence of acute cerebral infarction,high RBP4 level may be one of the dangerous factors of acute cerebral infarction patients and could provide reference to prevents the cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE To analyze 61 cases occupational exposure risk factors,the preventive measures and reduce occupational exposure risk.METHODS The record of 61 cases of occupational exposure such as job seniority,occupation,exposed location,place,method,damage degree,processing,preventive medicine and follow-up results register will be statisticully analysed according to the registered items from Jan 2007 to Dec 2008.RESULTS The factors of occupational exposuve were needle treatment,violating operution standard and deficient of protective measures.Both ward and hand were the main place of occupational exposure.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening of effective preventive measues is key to minimize the risk of occupational exposure and reduce the incidence of infection.

Purpose To evaluate apoptosis in renal tissue of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and therelationship between the existence of apoptosis cells in renal tissue and histopathological or clinical changes.Methods Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick-end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsies from 25patients with type Ⅳ LN, 12 patients with IgAN, 4 patients with MsPGN, and 3 patients with APSGN. Normalrenal tissue obtained at nephrectorny for hypemephroma in 4 adults was used as control. In addition, proliferatingcells were identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in these patients. Results Compared to otherproliferative glomerulonephritis and control,the patients with lupus nephritis had less apoptosis cells, higher ratio ofPCNA+ cells/TdT+ cells/(P/T) in renal tissues;Ratio of P/T in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium correlated withthe chronicity index, r=0. 498 3(P = 0. 013 2), r = 0. 839 9(P＜ 0.001 ), r = 0. 661 4(P = 0. 003 3),respectively. Ratio of P/T in glomerulus and tubule had positive correlation with 24 hour urinary protein, r =0.855 4(P＜0.001),r=0.713 4(P=0. 001); negative correlation with Ccr, r = - 0. 488 0(P =0. 013 3)and r = - 0. 722 9(P = 0. 001), which in tubules positively correlated with Scr, r = 0. 410 7 (P = 0.041 4 ).Conclusions Apoptosis is insufficient in proliferative lupus nephritis. Intense proliferation without followingincrease in apoptosis may be related to chronic progressive renal histopatholcgical changes.

Purpose To investigate the significance of u-PA and PAI-1 expression in various types ofglomerulonephritis. Methods The expression level of u-PA, PAI-1, type-Ⅳ collagen and PCNA positivenuclei in 120 cases of renal biopsies from patients with various types of glomerulonephritis were detected byimmunohistochemical method. Both the staining intensity of u-PA and PAI-1 in glomeruli were quantitativelyanalyzed by image analysis. Results The expression intensity of u-PA and PAI-1 was different in varoustypes of glomerulonephritis, which were significantly higher than that of the minor lesion group. Meanwhile,the intensity of PAI-1 stain was significantly higher than that of u-PA in various types of glomerulonephritis( P ＜ 0.05). The increase of u-PA expression was closely related to increase of type- Ⅳ collagen synthesis andhypercellularity in glomeruli(r = 0. 761 and 0. 811, P＜ 0.05), while the expression of PAI-1 was closelyrelated to the increase of Col-Ⅳ synthesis other than the cell proliferation in the glomeruli. ConclusionsThe over expression of u-PA and PAI-1 may play an important role in contributing to the pathogenesis anddevelopment of glomerulonephritis.

Objective To explore the factors affecting diagnosis accuracy on T stage of oral ultrasonic contrast agent examination on ulcerative gastric neoplasms.Methods Data from 82 patients were analyzed who were pathologically diagnosed as ulcerative gastric neoplasms ultrasounds data of oral ultrasonic contrast agent before surgery were compared to postoperative pathology,analysis had been done on influence of the lesion site,size of the T staging on ulcerative gastric neoplasms.Results The diagnosis accuracy rate of T stage on lesser curvature of stomach and gastric antrum were 91.3 ％ (21/23) and 85.7 ％ (24/28),compared with the pathological results were in good concordancy (Kappa =0.763,0.68,P ＜ 0.05).The accuracy rate of T stage on cardiac lesions was 68.0 ％ (17/25),compared with the pathological results consistency in general (Kappa =0.446,P ＜ 0.05).Further research on the effects of T stage accuracy would be necessary.The accuracy rate ofT staging on tumor size ≤ 5.0 cm group and ＞ 5.0 cm were 92.3 ％ (36/39) and 72.1％ (31/43),the difference was significant in two groups (x2 =5.591,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Oral ultrasonic contrast agent application is more accurate on lesser curvature of stomach,gastric antrum and lesions size ≤ 5.0 cm.

Objective The truncated fibronectin-binding proteins A (Fba protein) were cloned and expressed, then animals were immunized with Fba protein and subsequently challenged with group A streptococcus (GAS) to further investigate protective antibodies induced by each domain and determine the most immunogenic domain. Methods Fba proteins, which were divided into four overlaps based on the structural domains, were truncated and expressed. The fba truncated genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with SSI-9 of GAS as template, and cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-2T and expressed in E. coli BL-21. The products were confirmed by Western blot and purified by affinity chromatography column. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with the four truncated proteins respectively, with phosphate buffered solution (PBS) as control. The serum IgG of mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the third immunization, mice were challenged with fatal dose of GAS (M+ Fba+ ) to evaluate the protective rates in each group. The data were compared by analysis of variance and Fisher's exact test.Results Prokaryotic expression plasmids of pGEX-2T/FbaAl, pGEX-2T/FbaA2, pGEX-2T/FbaA3 and pGEX-2T/FbaA4 were successfully constructed and the four truncated proteins were expressed and purified successfully. Serum levels of IgG in each experimental group gradually increased with immunization with Fba protein more times. After the third immunization, the IgG titer against FbaA2 1290.2, P<0. 01). After GAS challenge, four out of eight mice were protected in FbaA2 protein group, while two out of eight mice in FbaAl protein, FbaA3 protein and FbaA4 protein groups,respectively (P<0. 05). Conclusions Four truncated Fba proteins are constructed and expressed successfully. Truncated FbaA2 protein could be able to induce strongest protective immune response.

Purpose　To investigate the significance of u-PA and PAI-1 expression on the glomeruli,and the effect of heparin on their expressions in rat anti-thy1 glomerulonephritis.　Methods　We analyzed the cell proliferation and the expression of u-PA/PAI-1 on the glomeruli by immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis of immunostaining.　Results　The cell proliferation of the glomeruli decreased significantly at 7 th,14 th,21 st day after heparin treatment in comparison to the glomerulonephritic group(P<0.05 or 0.01).The expression of u-PA and PAI-1 on the glomeruli in glomerulonephritic and heparin-treated groups was higher than that in the control group.At 3 rd,7 th,14 th,21 st day,the glomerular hypercellularity in the glomerulonephritic group was closely related to the increased expression of u-PA and PAI-1(P<0.05 or 0.01).At 3 rd,7 th day,the decreased cell proliferation of the glomeruli in heparin-treated group had close relationship with the decreased expression of PAI-1(P<0.05).　Conclusions　In rat anti-thy 1 glomerulonephritis model,the expression of u-PA and PAI-1 increased with glomerular hypercellularity;heparin treatment can decrease the extent of glomerular hypercellularity in rat anti-thy 1 glomerulonephritis.The treatment function of heparin might be related with the inhibitory effect of PAI-1 expression on the glomeruli.

ObjectiveTo discuss the application value of high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) characteristics, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging technology and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of soft tissue hemangioma.MethodsTo retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 44 cases of soft tissue hemangioma that were treated in Capital Medical University Affiliate Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from August, 2013 to May, 2014, and to analyze the difference between the characteristics of HFUS, ARFI and CEUS in soft tissue hemangioma and normal surrounding tissue.ResultsHFUS shows the features of morphological diversity of sinus shape expansion tube structure, unclear boundary, irregular configuration, compressibility and partial strong echo in the phlebolith. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDFI), detects abundant interphase red-blue bloodstream signal slowly and consistently. The blood signal is strengthened after partial compression. CDFI shows more vein spectrum in the lesion. The discrepancy of comparison between VTQ and SWV value of soft tissue hemangioma and surrounding muscular tissue possesses statistical significance [(1.082±0.183) m/svs (1.414±0.331) m/s,P<0.01]. Ultrasound contrast can show the relationship between diseased region and surrounding tissue clearly, which is beneficial to the selection of operation method and prognosis.ConclusionThrough conventional two-dimensional ultrasound and high frequency CDFI, and further combining the acoustic pulse radiation ARFI technology and CEUS technology, the soft tissue hemangioma can’t only be more accurately diagnosed, but also provides more reliable diagnostic basis for clinic.

Objective To evaluate accuracy of cefoxitin disk testing for detecting oxacillin resistance coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS). Methods 139 clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were detected with ID32 STAPH. Cefoxitin disk and oxacillin disk testing were used to detect MRCNS. PBP2a was tested by latex agglutination us a reference method. Results 139 CNS isolates were identified to 8 species: Staphylococcus haemolyticus , S. epidermidis , S. hominis , S. xylosus , S. saprophyticus , S. auricularis , S. simulans and S. warneri. The sensitivity and specificity for cefoxtin disk and oxacillin disk testing were 99.0% vs. 86.0% and 91.7% vs. 74.4%, respectively. One S. epidermidis strain was identified to affect the sensitivity of cefoxitin disk testing. S. xylosus, S. warned, and S. saprophyticus were major species related to the decrease of specificity of cefoxitin disk testing. S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. simulans and S. auricularis were major species related to the decrease of sensitivity of oxacillin disk testing. And the decrease of specificity of oxacillin disk testing were mainly related to S. hominis , S. simulans , S. xylosus , S. auricularis , S. saprophyticus and S. warneri. Conclusions The accuracy of MRCNS detection by cefoxitin disk testing is varied due to different CNS species. So it is necessary to test PBP2a or mecA gene according to CNS species, especially for S. xylosus, S. warned and S. saprophyticus.