By studying the developmental strategy of the revonal medical science and technology and implementation condition from 2001 to 2004 as well as systematically studying the national policy of the scientific and technical field,we proposed the developmental strategy of medical science and technology in Shanghai that the priority for the introduction,the application and the popularization of new or suitable technology should be given,also continuous advancement in technology should be kept.As a result,it is possible to provide the people a safer,more effective,convenient and moderately priced public health and basic medical service.During the past 5 years.we made an experimental work in selected Pudong in Shanghai.It Was proved that the strategy tallies with the actual situation of Pudong and is effectual in practice.

AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 in lens epithelial cells (LECs).METHODS: The cultured LECs were incubated with defferent concentrations of LPS for defferent times.The mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD14 in LECs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the LECs treated with LPS at concentrations of 50 μg/L, 100 μg/L, 200 μg/L, 500 μg/L or 1 000 μg/L was higher than that in the LECs without LPS treatment (P<0.01), respectively.The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the LECs incubated with 100 μg/L LPS for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h was higher than that in LECs without LPS treatment at same time points (P<0.01).The mRNA expression of CD14 in the LECs incubated with LPS at concentration of 100 μg/L for 24 h was also higher than that in the LECs without LPS treatment (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: LPS enhances the mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD14 in LECs, which may be related to intraocular response, as well as to the formation and development of after-cataract.

Oncosis is another form of cell death, which is different from apoptosis. The review will discuss the recent advances of oncosis on pathological morphology, nuclear biochemical changes and molecular mechanisms. [

AIM: To investigate the effect of natural medicinal monomer elemene (Ele) on apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LEC) and its the cellular and molecular mechanism in vitro. METHODS: The bovine LEC were cultured with Ele and used to observe the ultrastructure changes under transmission electron microscope and to detect DNA content and mitochondrial transmenbrane potential (??m) changes by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The typical morphological changes of LEC apoptosis in Ele group were observed under transmission electron microscope, such as chromatin condensation and aggregation at the nuclear periphery, and nuclear fragmentation as well. The DNA content of LEC in Ele group decreased and showed time-dependent. It was significant lower than that in control group (P

Apoptosis,a form of cell death,has generated considerable interest in recent years.Much progress has been made on the apoptosis induced by natural drgus,including component or mixture of plant,animal,mineral or marine materials,This review discusses some of the natural drugs that induce apoptosis and the possible mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effects of compound leech eye drops (Co-SZ) on apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the expressions of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax in rats. METHODS: All fresh transparent LECs in SD rats were bathed in culture medium with H2O2 in vitro, meanwhile Co-SZ were added in the culture medium. All LECs were incubated for 24 hours. The apoptosis rate of LECs was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling method (TUNEL). The changes of LEC ultrastructure and the formation of apoptotic body were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by streptavdin-peroxidase-biotin method. RESULTS: The apoptosis rate of LECs in the Co-SZ-treated group was significantly lower than that in the H2O2-treated group. The changes of apoptotic LEC ultrastructure in the Co-SZ-treated group were less than those in the H2O2-treated group. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated and the expression of Bax protein was down-regulated in the Co-SZ-treated group as compared with the H2O2-treated group. CONCLUSION: The LEC apoptosis induced by H2O2 can be inhibited by Co-SZ. The molecular mechanisms of Co-SZ in inhibiting LEC apoptosis may be related to regulating the expressions of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Co-SZ eye drops on apoptosis of lens epithelial cells(LEC) induced by H_2O_2 and to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms.METHODS:(1) All lenses of Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with H_2O_2 and Co-SZ eye drops.The apoptosis rates of LEC were determined by TUNEL method.The changes of LEC ultrastructure and the formation of apoptotic body were observed by electron microscopy.(2) Bovine LEC were incubated with H_2O_2 and Co-SZ eye drops.The inhibitory of LEC apoptosis was detected by MTT after incubation.The changes of fractional DNA content in LEC were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).[Ca~(2+)]i,cAMP and cGMP of LEC were determined by spectrofluoremeter and radioimmunoassay,respectively.RESULTS: The LEC apoptosis rates in Co-SZ eye drops group were decreased significantly compared with H_2O_2 group by TUNEL.The ultrastructure changes in LEC of Co-SZ eye drops group were lighter than that in H_2O_2 group.The LEC apoptosis rates of Co-SZ eye drops group were dose-dependently decreased significantly compared with H_2O_2 groups via MTT assay.LEC apoptosis induced by H_2O_2 was inhibited by Co-SZ eye drops,and showing dose-dependent.The DNA contents in LEC of Co-SZ group were increased.The [Ca~(2+)]i and cAMP in Co-SZ group were decreased obviously.The cGMP was increased.CONCLUSION: The LEC apoptosis induced by H_2O_2 was inhibited by Co-SZ eye drops.The mechanism of apoptosis inhibition by Co-SZ eye drops maybe contribute to the increase in DNA content.The signal transduction mechanisms are related to the decrease in [Ca~(2+)]i and cAMP and the increase in cGMP.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of 2916 strains and analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens and to provide evidences for clinical therapy.METHODS The distribution,and the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens,which were collected and isolated from all of the clinical specimens from Jan 2007 to Oct 2008 in our hospital,were studied restrospectively.RESULTS Totally 2916 strains(except fungi) of pathogens were isolated from patients,among which 1857 strains were Gram-negative bacteria(63.7%) and 1056 strains were Gram-positive cocci(36.2%).The five common bacteria isolated from the specimens were Escherichia coli(14.3%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(11.8%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(10.7%),Staphylococcus aureus(10.5%),and Acinetobacter baumanii(8.7%).The ESBLs producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae accounted for 31.4% and 33.7%,respectively;meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) accounted for 53.3% and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci(MRCNS) accounted for 49.6%;vancomycin-resistant S.aureus was not isolated Gram-negative bacilli had the lowest resistance to carbapenems,and then to piperacillin/tazobactam(TZP) and cefoperazone/sulbactam(CFS),showing multi-resistantce.Gram-positive cocci were more sensitive to vancomycin,rifampicin,nitrofurantoin than to other antibacterials.CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance of the isolated bacteria is common.It is very important to monitor the drug resistance of the bacteria regularly,for guiding the clinic use of antibiotics rationally,and infection control.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sodium ferulate on expression of apoptosis-related genes, bcl-2 and bax , in rat lens epithelial cells (LEC) injured by oxidation.METHODS: Eyes of SD rats were divided randomly into four groups: control group, hydrogen peroxide group (H 2O 2), pirenoxine sodium group (PS) and sodium ferulate group (SF). Eyes were excised and lenses were separated under operating microscope and sterilized condition. Lenses were incubated in CO 2 incubator for 24 h with 300 ?mol?L -1 H 2O 2 and with or rithout 5 mmol?L -1 SF. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein of LEC were measured and compared by tearing the LEC anterior capsule via immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS: (1) There were Bcl-2 and Bax expression in normal lenses of SD rates, Bcl-2 expression was stronger than Bax. (2) Bcl-2 expression decreased and Bax expression increased markedly ( P