Objectives:To explore the parenting stress and its related factors in mothers of children with autism.Methods:A total of 105 mothers of children with autism were investigated with the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(including three domains of parental distress,difficult child and parent-child dysfunctional interaction),Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist(ATEC).Their parenting stress scores were compared with that of 100 mothers with healthy children.Results:Mothers of children with autism experienced a significantly higher level in the total score of parenting stress and all the domains as compared with mothers of healthy children [e.g.,the total score:(108.59?16.09)vs.(84.91?17.41),P

ObjectiveTo study the effect of three-level monitoring mode in reducing complications of pediatric PICC catheter tube and improving the quality of care for children. Methods64 cases of children with PICC catheter in our hospital from September 2009 to August 2011 receiving three-level monitoring modes were set as the experimental group.67 patients with conventional care from September 2007 to August 2009 were set as the control group.The incidence of catheter complications in children,success rate of catheter puncture and tube indwelling time for the two groups were observed. Results The complications occurred in 9 cases,accounting for 14.06％ in the experimental group.The complications occurred in 25 cases in the control group,accounting for 37.31％.The puncture success rate was 89.06％ in the experimental group,and the control group was 79.10％.The average time of tube indwelling in the experimental group was higher than the control group.The difference was significant. ConclusionsThe effect of three-level monitoring modes to reduce pediatric PICC catheter complications and improve quality of care in children with catheter is significant,it can increase the success rate of puncture and prolong tube in-dwelling time.

Objective To reduce the rate of unscheduled nasogastric extubation for the patients in neurology department.Methods A nursing care team was set up for a thematic activity to reduce the rate of nasogastric tube unscheduled extubation.The team analysed the situations of 164 patients with nasogastric intubation in the neurology department,specifying the problems,deciding their aims and working out the strategies.Result The rate of unscheduled nasogastric extubation decreased from 19.63％ to 2.12％ and the rate of nursing omission decreased from 9.93％ to 2.59％ (P＜0.05).Conclusion The improvement activity of nursing projects can effectively reduce the rate of unscheduled nasogastric extubation and improve the quality of nursing care.

Objective To explore the influence of different training mode on the parenting stress in mothers of children with autism. Methods According to the wishes of parents, 46 children with autism by first diagnosed and their mothers were divided into combination training group (23 cases) and control group (23 cases). The children in combination training group received a family rehabilitation training besides the structured institution-based teaching programme, and the children in control group only received the structured institution-based teaching programme. Comparisons were made between the two groups by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form score after 1 year teaching. Results Before teaching, the domain score of parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction, difficult child and total score of parenting stress were (37.7 ± 5.6), (35.4 ± 4.1), (38.3 ± 5.4), (111.3 ± 10.5) points in control group, while those were (37.9 ± 5.8), (34.7 ± 4.3), (38.8 ± 4.9), (112.1 ± 9.3) points in combination training group. There was no significant difference between two groups(t=0.155-0.531, all P>0.05). After 1 year teaching, the domain score of parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction, difficult child and total score of parenting stress were (34.0±3.4), (30.7±2.8), (34.3±2.2), (99.0±4.7) points in control group, while those were (34.3±3.7), (28.7±3.1), (31.1±2.4), (94.1±6.8) points in combination training group. The combination training group reported a lower level than control group in the domains score of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, difficult child and total score of parenting stress (t=-2.340,-4.595,-2.890, all P<0.05), while the domain score of parental distress had no significant difference (t= 0.236, P>0.05). Both two groups after 1 year teaching, mothers of children with autism experienced a lower level in all the domains and the total score of parenting stress than before teaching(combination training group: t=3.562-7.925, control group:t=2.534-4.768, all P<0.05). Conclusions Family rehabilitation training combined with institutions could reduce the parenting stress of mothers with autistic children and be worthy of clinical promotion and application.

BACKGROUND:Freeze-dried bone has strong immunogenicity due to insufficient removal of xenoantigen.Deproteinized bone and completely-decalcified bone have weak antigenicity,but the fomer has no osteoinductive property,and the latter has poor biomechanical property,so both of tem are limited in clinical application.OBJECTIVE:To observe the change of rabbit peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets after transplantation of tissue engineered bone constituted by partially-decalcified freeze-dried bone scaffold and the histological changes of transplanted tissue.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTlNG:Randomized grouping,controlled animal observation.Performed in the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy(I.E.Department of Stem cells and Tissue Engineering),Huaxi Hospital,Sichuan University between June 2006 and June 2007.MATERlALS:Tissue-engineered bone was in vitro constructed using osteoblasts.Which were derived from rabbit periosteum and used as seeding cells,and xenogeneic cancellous bone,which were antigen self-digested,partially-decalcified freeze-dried bone.METHODS:Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into the following 4 groups,with 12 rabbits in each group:partially-decalcified freeze-dried bone group(partially-decalcified bone group),tissue engineered bone group,autogenous bone group.And allogeneic bone group.Partially-decalcified freeze-dried bone,tissue engineered bone,autogenous bone,and allogeneic bone were respectively implanted into the 1 cm segmental defect in rabbit radius in above-mentioned groups.MAINOUTCOME MEASURES:Prior to and 1,2,and 4 weeks after implantation,the change of rabbit peripheraI blood T lymphocyte subsets were examined by flow cytometry；At 2,4,8,and 12 weeks after implantation,osteogenesis of the 4 materials was examined by routine histological examination.RESULTS:①In the partially-decalcifled bone group,peripheral blood CD4+and CD8+1r lymphocytes were significantly increased at 1 and 2weeks afterimplantationthan priortoimplantation(P<0.05).At 4 weeks after implantation.CD4+T lymphocytes were increased,but not significantly,compared with prior to implantation(P>0.05).In the autogenous bone group,CD4’and CD8+T lymphocytes were increased,but not significantly(P>0.05).In the allogeneic bone group,CD4’and CD8+T lymphocytes were significantly increased at weeks 1,2,and 4 after implantation than prior to implantation and the synchroale phase in the other groups(P<0.05).②inthetissue engineeredbonegroup,at week 2 after implantation,osteoblasts and chondroblasts were visible in the material porous,in addition,a new mixed tissue containing bone and cartilage formed and surrounded by osteoclasts,and partial rack was destroved and absorbed.At week 4,newly formed bone had turned into woven bone.At week 8.Lamellar bone was foand.And partially-decalcified freeze-dried bone was completely degraded and absorbed.At week 12,the implant had been completely substituted by lamellar bone,and medullary cavity was recanalized.CONCLUSION:Tissue-engineered bone constituted by taking partially-decalcified freeze-dried bone as scaflfold led to an increase in peripheral blood T lymphocytes,but which did not influence its good repair capabmtv of bone defects.

Objective To explore the relationship between parenting stress and social support, cop-ing style in mothers of children with autism. Methods 105 mothers with autistic children(the observation group) and 100 mothers with healthy children (the control group) were investigated by questionnaires, which included parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF), social support scale and simplified coping style questionnaire. And then the relationship between parenting stress, social support and coping style was ana-lyzed among them. Results Mothers of children with autism experienced a significantly higher level in the total score of parenting stress and all the domains when compared with mothers of healthy children. Par-enting stress was negatively correlated with social support. Conclusions Mothers of children with autism generally experience a significantly higher level than parents of healthy children in the total parenting stress and all the domains. Social support could reduce parenting stress of mothers with autistic children.

Objective To investigate the perceptions of medical staff about chemotherapeutic symptoms in children with leukemia.Method Sixty-one doctors and nurses were involved in the investigation using a self-designed questionnaire on uncomfortable symptom scale.Result The main symptoms of chemotherapy included hair loss,poor appetite,nausea,vomiting, oral mucositis and fatigue.Conclusion Chemotherapeutic symptoms are common in children with leukemia and need appropriate nursing management.

Objective To explore the occupational stressors and the coping strategies in the newly-employed nurses and to explore their relationships. Method The survey was done among 193 registered nurses with less than 3 years working experience using the occupational stressor scale for Chinese nurses, the simplified coping strategies questionnaire and a self-designed general demography form. Results The total score on occupational stressors was 2.27 ± 0.56, which was at a common level. Postive and negative coping style were 1.88 ± 0.44 and 1.04 ± 0.51. The stressors together with the dimensions were positively correlated with negative coping strategies (P<0.05). Conclusion Nursing administration should improve work environment, provide enough manpower for patient care, carry out training system to focus on education for newly employed nurses, and provide advice and help for them when they need.

This is a study on the histologic pattern and mechanical properties of tissue-engineered tendon implanted for treatment of tendon defects. Tendons were resected from Roman chickens. Tendon cells were isolated from the tendons and cultured in vitro. The 2nd-4th passages of tendon cells were seeded on the degradable polyglycolic acid mesh to form cell-scaffold composites, which were further cultured for 7-10 days to construct tissue-engineered tendons. The tendon defects, 0.5 cm-0.8 cm in length, were made in the second digit flexor tendon bilaterally in 20 Roman chickens and then bridged with the constructed tissue-engineered tendons. At 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks post-operation, the samples of regenerated tendons were collected for gross examination, histologic staining and biomechanical test. After implantation of the tissue-engineered tendons, the wounds healed well. The gross appearance, the cells and collagen fibers arrangement of the regenerated tendons were similar to those of natural tendons, but there were relatively not many closely packed collagen fiber bundles organized in parallel with the tendons ("remodel"), so the maximum tensile force increased slowly and its value was 15.40+/-10.63 N at 8 weeks after surgery, reaching only 23% of that of natural tendon. The maximum strain was 22.49%+/-10.21% at 8 weeks, being 10% higher than that of natural tendons. Polyglycolic acid scaffolds are degraded in vivo so rapidly that the regenerated tendons lose the normal biomechanical stimulus and then are unable to be remodeled. As a result, the mechanical strength of regenerated tendons is much lower than that of natural tendons. These results suggest that the normal biomechanical stimulus may be an important factor for the regenerated tendons to remodel.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; methods ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Female ; Implants, Experimental ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery ; Tendons ; cytology ; physiology ; surgery ; Tensile Strength ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Objective To improve the prognosis of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a model of structure-based outpatient training course was conducted to explore the intervention effect for children with ASD. Methods 154 children with ASD were included in the present study (aged 1.6-5.5 years). All children were received the inpatient training course. The training course included individual coaching, game, motor, music courses etc. The training course lasted 1 month, 8 hours per day. All children were also received the Psycho-educational Profile-3rd Edition(PEP-3) assessment at the beginning and ending of training. Results Children with ASD scored significant raw scores in cognitive verbal/preverbal (29.08 ± 13.23 vs. 43.27 ± 11.62), expressive language (13.33 ± 10.55 vs. 25.38 ± 11.82), receptive language (15.77 ± 10.64 vs. 27.48 ± 8.42), fine motor (25.97 ± 6.10 vs. 32.64 ± 5.07), gross motor (23.03 ± 5.52 vs. 27.72 ± 2.95), visual-motor imitation (10.65 ± 5.31 vs. 15.44 ± 3.76), affective expression (14.34 ± 4.31 vs. 16.36 ± 3.85), social reciprocity (11.90 ± 4.01 vs. 16.08 ± 4.13), personal self-care (13.39 ± 4.70 vs. 16.98 ± 4.30) and adaptive behaviors (17.8 ± 4.95 vs. 20.33 ± 5.37) (t=5.43-20.70, all P<0.05). Conclusions The model of structure-based inpatient training course is effective program to improve the prognosis of children with ASD .