Objective To observe the change of the sera lipid profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis B Virus (HBV)infec-tion.Methods Sera from 254 patients suffered from liver disease were collected and divided into four groups according to the severity of the disease (71 of Cirrhosis;80,46,51 of Light,Moderate and Highly severity of the chronic HBV infection, respectively).Sera of 59 healthy patients were collected as control.The concentrations of their sera lipids (CHOL and TG), lipoprotein (HDL and LDL)and apolipoproteins (ApoA-I and ApoB)were determined and compared.Results Compared to the control group,the levels of the CHOL,TG,HDL,LDL,ApoA-I and ApoB were varied in degree in the chronic HBV in-fection group and the cirrhosis group.For the highly severity group and the cirrhosis group,statistics analysis showed de-creased and significantly different lipid and apolipoprotein results when compared to the control group.For the light and moderate severity group,when compared to the control group,levels of TG,HDL and ApoA-I were decreased with remarka-ble difference.The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio of the chronic HBV infection (Highly severity group)was 2.10±1.44,which was significantly higher than that of any other group (P<0.05).Conclusion The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio can be a potential marker for the evaluation of the severity of the chronic HBV infection.

Objective To investigate whether B-cell activating factor (BAFF) involved in the patho-genesis of lupus nephritis (LN) by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling. Methods Twenty-eight lupus nephritis patients and 20 controls were included in this study. The clinical data were collected. BAFF levels in plasma were measured by ELISA, and the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) and BAFF were analyzed. The mRNA and protein levels of BAFF, phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K), phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR) and Bcl-2 in kidney tissues were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results ①Plasma BAFF levels were significantly higher in LN patients [(580 ±45) ng/L] compared with controls [(208 ±30) ng/L](Z=-5.856, P<0.01), and significant positive correlation was found between plasma BAFF levels with SLEDAI (r=0.723, P<0.01). ② Plasma BAFF level in LN patients was positively correlated with 24 h UP and anti-dsDNA titers (r=0.381, 0.461, P<0.05). The protein level of BAFF in kidney tissues was positively correlated with 24 h UP and anti-dsDNA titer (r=0.469, 0.489, P<0.05).③The mRNA levels of BAFF, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR and Bcl-2 in kidney tissues were increased in patients compared to controls[5.8±1.8 vs 2.1±0.7, Z=-4.915, P<0.01;6.7±0.9 vs 1.71±0.53, Z=-5.857, P<0.01;5.6±0.9 vs 1.8 ±0.5, Z=-5.751, P<0.01; 5.6 ±1.4 vs 1.6 ±0.4, Z=-5.291, P<0.01; 2.11 ±0.36 vs 1.33 ±0.22, Z=-4.844, P<0.01].④The protein levels of BAFF, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR and Bcl-2 in kidney tissues were increased in patients compared to controls [0.72±0.19 vs 0.31±0.05, Z=-4.747, P<0.01;0.73±0.11 vs 0.33±0.09, Z=-5.834, P<0.01;0.77±0.06 vs 0.22±0.07, Z=-5.855, P<0.01;1.18±0.27 vs 0.47±0.13, Z=-5.416, P<0.01;2.08±0.37 vs 1.32±0.18, Z=-4.998, P<0.01]. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that BAFF may participate in the pathogenesis of LN by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.

Objective To explore the application of scene simulation teaching combined with research design in the teaching of Community Nursing and evaluate its effects.Methods The scene simulation teaching combined with research design was used in the teaching of Community Health Promotion and Health Education in 68 nursing undergraduate students.The student groups were required to do the scenario case preparation and presentation,and conduct the research design according to specific situations of community health education.The mastery of related knowledge of students before and after the class was compared.Results All the student groups completed the course requirements.After class,the students better grasped the community health education,research design and other related knowledge compared with before class.Sixty-one students (89.71％) regarded the scene simulation teaching combined with research design was suitable for the teaching of Community Health Promotion and Health Education,and over 80％ students regarded this teaching was benefit for the development of their ability of self-learning,teamwork and flexible application of knowledge.Conclusions The scene simulation teaching combined with research design can not only help students master related knowledge,but also focuses on students' ability training,which is suitable for comprehensive application of knowledge.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of salicylic acid and the related substances in salicylic acid ointment by HPLC.METHODS:The determination was performed on Kromasil ODS-C18 chromatographic column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(adjust pH=2.5 using acetic acid,50∶50)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The sample size was 20 ?L and the detection wavelength was set at 270 nm.RESULTS:The main peak and the related substances were well-separated.The linear range of salicylic acid was 10.014～100.14 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9)with an average recovery of 99.35%(RSD=0.99%)and a lowest detectable limit of 5 ng?mL-1,the labeled amout of related substances all less than 1.01%.CONCLUSION:The method developed in our study is simple in operation,accurate in results,specific and suitable for the content determination of salicylic acid ointment.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for the determination of chlorogenic acid in xiaoaiping injection in human plasma.Methods The analytical column was packed with Hypersil ODS C18 (250 mm×4.6 nm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid solution(13:87).The flow rate was 1 ml/min,and detection wave length was set at 327 nm.Results The linear ranges were 2.5～60.0 mg/L chlorogenic acid in human plasma,with the correlation coefficients of 0.9996.The Low limit of detection was 0.25 μg/ml.The method and extraction recovery were 100.1%～102.6%and 78.6%～80.3%.The relative standard deviation value for the within-day and between-day precision were less than 3.9%.Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive for the determination of chlorogenic acid in xiaoaiping injection in human plasma.

Objective To explore the circadian rhythm of interleukin (IL)-6 in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats and investigate the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate (MTX) administered according to IL-6 rhythm.Methods Serum IL-6 concentrations of CIA and normal rats at different time points were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).CIA rats were randomly divided into the experimental group A,experimental group B and control group.MTX (1/7 mg·kg-1 ·d-1) was administered once a day when the IL-6 level began to increase or decrease in the experimental group,while MTX (1 mg/kg) administered once a week in the control group.Arthritis scores and leukocyte counts were observed.The production of IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP) levels in the serum were measured.Moreover,histological changes in the ankle joint were examined.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA),two independent sample t test were used to evaluate the experimental data.Results The plasma IL-6 levels in CIA rats were different at different time points,which began to increase at 18:00 and decrease at 6:00.Arthritis score in the experimental group A (4.8±0.7)was lower than that in the control group (5.8±1.0,t=2.256,P=0.0406) and experimental group B (5.5±0.5,t=2.393,P=0.0313).The levels of TNF-α [(185±21) ng/L],IL-6 [(99±6) ng/L],IL-1β[(20.1±1.6) ng/L] and CRP[(1251±282) μg/L] in the experimental group A were significantly lower than those in control group [TNF-α:(207±10) ng/L,t=2.726,P=0.016 4;IL-6:(100±6) ng/L,t=2.669,P=0.0183;IL-1β:(22.0±1.3) ng/L,t=2.814,P=0.0138;CRP:(1 417±278) μg/L,t=2.369,P=0.0327].The level of IL-6 in the experimental group A[(93±6) ng/L] was lower than that in the experimental group B [(99±6) ng/L,t=2.323,P=0.0358].Compared with the control group [(9650±1062)/μl],the counts of leukocyte in the experimental group A [(4595±603)/μl,t=3.841,P=0.0064] and experimental group B [(3833±585)/μl,t=4.442,P=0.003] were significantly lower.Compared with the control group (9.1 ±2.0),histopathology scores in the experimental group A (6.6±1.3,t=2.606,P=0.015) and experimental group B (7.4±1.3,t=3.857,P=0.0007) were significantly lower.Conclusion The plasma IL-6 levels in CIA rats have shown evident circadian rhythm.There-fore,once a day administration is better than once a week.The therapeutic effect of RA may be improved by administering MTX at the time points according to the circadian rhythm of IL-6.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of levonorgestrel- releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of adenomyosis and the influence of ovarian function. Methods Eighty patients with adenomyosis were followed up for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 months after treating with LNG-IUS. The menstrual blood volume, dysmenorrheal, size of uteri, CA125 and EMAb level, hepatic function, serum glucose and serum lipids were observed and evaluated. Serum- levels of FSH and LH were tested before insertion and followed up for 6, 12 months after insertion, respectively. Results After inserting LNG-IUS,dysmenorrhea was obviously alleviated, and it was significantly decreased after 6 months. The menstrual blood volume was (200. 0 ±60)ml, (40. 0 ± 15)ml and (28 ±7)ml in 0, 6, 12 months after the insertion.Serum CA125 and positive rate of EMAb also significantly reduced [CA125: (50. 69 ± 10. 00) IU/L vs (18. 60 ±3.55)IU/L;EMAb:80. 0% vs 3. 8%, P ＜0. 05]. The volume of uterus reduced without significant changed (P ＞0. 05). There were little changes in the levels of hepatic function, serum glycosum, serum lipids, FSH and LH at 6 and 12 months after LNG-IUS(P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions LUG-IUS is an effective and safe therapy for adenomyosis with dysmenorrheal and menorrhagia, and it has no significant effects on ovarian function.

Objective: To detect the protein expression and relationship between integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and E-cadherin (E-cad) in primary gallbladder cancer (PGC), as well as to evaluate their clinical significance. Methods:ILK and E-cad were examined in 48 cases with PGC, 25 with gallbladder adenoma and 25 with chronic cholecystitis tissues by immunohistochemistry. Then, the corre-lation between clinical and pathological features, as well as their relationship, was investigated. Results:The positive rate of ILK was significantly higher in the gallbladder cancer group (66.7%;32/48) than in the gallbladder adenoma (36.0%;9/25) and chronic cholecys-titis groups (24.0%;6/25) (P<0.05). However, the positive rate of E-cad, namely, 45.8%(22/48), was significantly lower than those of the benign groups (P<0.05). When the depth of invasion was aggravated and lymph node metastasis had occurred, the ILK expression level became significantly higher. Nevertheless, negative E-cad results were produced (P<0.05). A negative correlation between the ex-pression of ILK and E-cad in gallbladder cancer existed (r=-0.411, P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression of ILK and E-cad is signifi-cantly correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis. A negative correlation exists between these expressions. Detection of these two in-dexes is useful in predicting tumor progression and prognosis.

Objective:To Studythe extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to study thecorrelation of CD147 level and athero-sclerosis in SLE.Methods:Eighty patients with SLE in total were divided into intimal thickening group, (24 cases, group A) and normal intimal group (56 cases, group B) according to carotid intimamedia thickness (IMT) checked by carotid ultrasonography. In addition, their age, bodymass index, blood pressure, seral total cholesterol (TC), high density liptein cholestero (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholestero (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), urinary protein quantitative test(24 h), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), anticardiolipin antibody, serum creatinine level, course of the disease, and treatment regimens were collected. Thirty-five healthy people were set as the control group (group C). The levels of serum CD147 were measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in 3 groups. The correlation between the serum CD147 level of SLE patients and atherosclerosis was analyzed. The statistical analysis was carried out with independent t-test, chi-square test, analysis of variance, Spearman correlation and Logistic regression. Results:① Levels of serum CD147 in group A [ (238±30) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in group B [(198±30) pg/ml] and group C [(150±26) pg/ml, F=67.908, P<0.01]. ② Body mass index, hypertensive ratio,total blood cholesterol,urine protein quantitative test (24 h), systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), serum CD147 index in group A were significantly higher than those in group B ( P<0.05). ③ In Logistic regression analysis, serum CD147 [ OR (95% CI)=1.039(1.014, 1.065), P<0.05], urine protein quantitative (24 h) [ OR (95% CI)=2.598(1.033, 6.534), P<0.05] were independently relevant factors affecting carotid artery IMT. Conclusion:Serum CD147 is an independent risk factor for carotid intimamedia thickness in SLE patients.

Objective To explore the effects of diet and/or exercise intervention on oxidative stress of overweight or obese adolescents.Methods Thirty-one adolescents with normal body weight(normal control group)and 93 overweight or obese adolescents(average age(13.6 ±0.7)years; body mass index (BMI)22.4 to 34.1 kg/m2)were enrolled in this study.The overweight or obese participants were then randomly assigned to the diet group(group A),exercise group(group B),diet plus exercise group(group C),and non-intervention group(group D).Individualized caloric intake was carried out.One-hour afterschool exercise was performed once per day,4 days per week for 10 weeks.Changes of anthropometry,body composition,and metabolic biomarkers were determined.Results Compared to the normal control group,serum levels of fasting glucose,total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and malondialdehyde(M DA)of the in overweight group were significant increased(all P ＜ 0.05),although the level of SOD was significant decreased(P ＜ 0.05).Serum MDA level was positively correlated with bodyweight,BMI,TC,and LDL-C(R values were 0.209,0.228,0.274,and 0.263,respectively ; all P ＜0.05),and serum SOD level was negatively correlated with bodyweight and BMI(R values were-0.334 and-0.362,respectively ; both P ＜ 0.05).Group A,B and C showed a significant decrease in BMI,waist circumference and body fat after the intervention(all P ＜ 0.05).The level of MDA was significantly decreased after the intervention in group A and B(both P ＜ 0.05); the levels of TC and LDL-C were significantly decreased in group B and C(both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Oxidative stress could have existed in overweight adolescents even when their serum glucose and lipid profiles are at a normal level.Ten-week diet and/or exercise intervention may contribute to improved body weight control,lipid metabolism,and oxidative stress response in this population.