Kidney transplantation is a high-cost and high-risk surgery,thus genuine informed consent from the patients and their family members is indispensable both for protecting rights of patients and ensuring medical safety.Guided by related regulations and ethical guidelines,this paper proposes necessary information which should be provided for patients,one example of Informed Consent Form(ICF) composing of information sheet,and consent signature form offered for reference.The proposed ICF applies three accepted requirements for informed consent,i.e.,completely being informed,fully understood and free to make choice.

Objective To establish an animal model of dog severe myocardial contusion (MC) .Methods 12 dogs with the body weight of (11 .36 ± 1 .50)kg were selected .The BIM‐Ⅱ type biological impact machine was adopted to directly impact the bare area of the left chest by the driving pressure of 800 kPa ,the impact area was 16 .61 cm2 and the chest wall was inward compressed within 4-6 cm ,the severe myocardial contusion model was established .The pathological examination was taken at 8 h after injury and grading was performed according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS ,update in 2005) .Results The scattered large area bleeding spots appeared in the epicardium and endocardium of wound area .No obvious abnormality was found in the non - wound area .The pathological examination was performed based on the coronal plane of the left ventricular cross section .The percentage of the section 8 h necrosis area to the total area was (39 .78 ± 9 .07)% .Conclusion The established dog severe myocardial contusion model is stable and reproducible ,which can accurately simulate the temporary MC mode .

Objective To detemine the value of cardiac troponin in early diagnosis of severe myocardial contusion in the dog.Methods Twelve dogs weighing (11.4 ± 1.5) kg were subjected to severe myocardial contusion by impacting the chest area with BIM-Ⅱ biological impact machine.Electrocardiogram,cTnT and cTnI were measured before,immediately,and 2,4,6 and 8 hours after injury.Animals were then killed and the serum was separated for gross examination and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Results Supraventricular tachycardia,ventricular tachycardia,ventricular premature beat,myocardial ischemia,atrial fibrillation,and ventricular fibrillation were seen on the electrocardiogram 2,4,6 and 8 hours after the injury,which suggested a high sensitivity but low specificity.cTnT and cTnI levels revealed no specific changes at postoperative 2 and 4 hours,but cTnT and cTnl were significantly increased to (0.130 ± 0.052) ng/ml and (1.615 ± 0.371) ng/ml at postoperative 8 hours,significantly higher than that immediately after operation (P ＜ 0.01).Sensitivity and specificity of cTnT and cTnI were both 100％,while the specificity of the TTC staining was (39.78 ± 9.07)％.Conclusion Cardiac troponin is of high sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of severe myocardial contusion and has good correlation with pathological changes,which exhibits great potential in clinical application.

AIM: To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on cardiac myocyte apoptosis in mouse congestive heart failure induced by myocardial infraction.METHODS: The mouse model of heart failure was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary to produce acute myocardial infarction.Thirty-two mice were divided into 4 groups: sham group and groups of post-operation at time points of 2,4 or 6 weeks,respectively.The ventricular dilatation and left ventricular functions were assessed by echocardiography.The expression of GRP78,CHOP,caspase-12,cleaved caspase-12,JNK and phosphorylated-JNK was detected by Western blotting.The cardiac myocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL).RESULTS: The cardiac expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones GRP78 was significantly increased in the hearts with functional failure.The upregulated expression of CHOP,phosphorylated-JNK and cleaved caspase-12 illuminated that the CHOP-JNK-caspase-12 dependent pathways for endoplasmic reticulum-initiated apoptosis were activated in the heart with functional failure by myocardial infraction.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the congestive heart failure induced by myocardial infraction is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of CHOP,JNK,caspase-12 dependent pathways for endoplasmic reticulum-initiated apoptosis.

Objective To analyze the related factors and nursing of radiation dermatitis.Methods A total of 100 radiation dermatitis patients treated by radiotherapy were as observation group given nursing intervention.At the same time, another 100 patients with radiation therapy in our hospital without concurrent radiation dermatitis were as control group, clinical basic information and related factors of radiation dermatitis were compared, and degree of radiation dermatitis and the degree of pain before and after treatment in the observation group were observed.Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in hypertension, diabetes mellitus and body mass index and tumor stage (P<0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, obesity and the use of compensatory membrane were independent risk factors for the development of radiation dermatitis by tumor radiotherapy (P<0.05).The degree of radiation dermatitis in observation group was significantly lower than nursing before, VAS score was (2.1±0.4) points, which was lower than (4.7±1.5) points than treatment before, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Obesity, combined with hypertension, the use of compensation film are risk factors of radiation dermatitis, and nursing intervention measures can help relieve pain for patients with dermatitis and reduce the degree of dermatitis, so it is favorable for prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention on the scores of selfcare ability scale (ESCA) and the health survey form (SF-36) of patients with permanent colostomy.Methods A total of 90 patients with permanent colostomy were randomly divided into control group (45 cases) and observation group (45 cases),the control group received conventional nursing intervention colostomy,while patients in the observation group used extended nursing intervention,ESCA,SF-36 scores of various dimensions of the two groups were compared.Results Before the intervention,no significant difference was observed in self-care skills and self responsibility,self concept,selfcare knowledge scores in ESCA scale (P ＞ 0.05).After nursing intervention,the observation group and the control group had higher scores of four dimensions in ESCA scale (P ＜ 0.05),and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Before nursing intervention,physiological function,social function,emotional function,physical function,body pain,mental health,general health,vitality scores in SF-36 scale showed no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).After nursing intervention,SF-36 scale scores in the observation group and the control group were significantly higher than intervention before (P ＜ 0.05),and SF-36 scale scores in the observation group were significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Extended nursing intervention can improve self-care ability and quality of life of patients with permanent colostomy.

Objective To analyze the related factors and nursing of radiation dermatitis.Methods A total of 100 radiation dermatitis patients treated by radiotherapy were as observation group given nursing intervention.At the same time, another 100 patients with radiation therapy in our hospital without concurrent radiation dermatitis were as control group, clinical basic information and related factors of radiation dermatitis were compared, and degree of radiation dermatitis and the degree of pain before and after treatment in the observation group were observed.Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in hypertension, diabetes mellitus and body mass index and tumor stage (P<0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, obesity and the use of compensatory membrane were independent risk factors for the development of radiation dermatitis by tumor radiotherapy (P<0.05).The degree of radiation dermatitis in observation group was significantly lower than nursing before, VAS score was (2.1±0.4) points, which was lower than (4.7±1.5) points than treatment before, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Obesity, combined with hypertension, the use of compensation film are risk factors of radiation dermatitis, and nursing intervention measures can help relieve pain for patients with dermatitis and reduce the degree of dermatitis, so it is favorable for prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention on the scores of selfcare ability scale (ESCA) and the health survey form (SF-36) of patients with permanent colostomy.Methods A total of 90 patients with permanent colostomy were randomly divided into control group (45 cases) and observation group (45 cases),the control group received conventional nursing intervention colostomy,while patients in the observation group used extended nursing intervention,ESCA,SF-36 scores of various dimensions of the two groups were compared.Results Before the intervention,no significant difference was observed in self-care skills and self responsibility,self concept,selfcare knowledge scores in ESCA scale (P ＞ 0.05).After nursing intervention,the observation group and the control group had higher scores of four dimensions in ESCA scale (P ＜ 0.05),and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Before nursing intervention,physiological function,social function,emotional function,physical function,body pain,mental health,general health,vitality scores in SF-36 scale showed no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).After nursing intervention,SF-36 scale scores in the observation group and the control group were significantly higher than intervention before (P ＜ 0.05),and SF-36 scale scores in the observation group were significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Extended nursing intervention can improve self-care ability and quality of life of patients with permanent colostomy.

Objective:To explore the effect of recombinant human syntaxin-4(STX4) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced injury in islet β-cells(INS-1).Methods:Pancreatic islet β-cells(INS-1) were divided into Control (blank control), LPS (LPS treatment), LPS+ NC (transfection of negative control vector, LPS treatment), and LPS+ STX4 (transfection of pcDNA-STX4, LPS treatment) groups. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect STX4 mRNA and protein expression, flow cytometry to detect apoptosis, DCFHDA method to detect reactive oxygen species(ROS) level, xanthine oxidation method to detect superoxide orgotein dismutase(SOD) level, colorimetric method to detect glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) level, ammonium molybdate colorimetric method to detect catalase(CAT) level, thiobarbituric acid method to detect malonaldehyde(MDA) level, ELISA method to detect the level of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and insulin secretion levels under glucose conditions secreted by cells, Western blot method to detect Cleared Caspase-3, Bcl-2 Associated X Protein(Bax), p65 protein expression. After treatment with NF-κB signaling pathway activator, STX4 up-regulated islet β-cell INS-1 was given LPS stimulation, and the same method was used to measure apoptosis, ROS, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, MDA levels and secreted IL-1β, TNF-α, insulin levels and Cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, p65 protein levels.Results:Compared with the Control group, the expression of STX4 mRNA and protein in islet β cells of the LPS group decreased, the apoptosis rate, ROS level, and MDA levels increased, and the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT decreased, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α increased, the level of insulin secreted by the cells decreased, and the expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and p65 also increased. NF-κB pathway activator treatment reversed the effect of up-regulated STX4 on islet β-cell apoptosis, ROS, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, MDA levels and secreted IL-1β, TNF-α levels, and Cleaved Caspase-3 , Bax and p65 protein levels.Conclusion:Up-regulation of STX4 alleviated LPS-induced islet β cell oxidative damage, apoptosis and inflammatory factor release. The underlying mechanism might be related to the inhibition of activated NF-κB signaling pathway.