Objective The aim of this research was to provide a basis for the development of preventive and curative measures against the toxoplasma infection by investigating the current infection of toxoplasma and its epidemic characteristics among the population of the Cangzhou city.Methods Antibodies IgG and IgM against toxoplasma in the sera were determined by ELISA during Jan.-May,2007.Results Six hundred and thirty-servn subjects were screened.The positive rate was 6.3% for total antibodies,5.2% for IgG and 1.1% for IgM.The infection rate was higher in the population aged 19-24 years and 49-60 years.The positive rate was higher in farmers living in countryside,those who were poor educated and who had bad habit of cooking food without separating knives and chopping boards to handle raw food and ready-to-eat food and washing their hands after cutting raw meat(P

Objective Two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in TBX1 gene,G2857C(rs737868)and G2963A(rs28649236),were chosen to investigate their distribution in contruncal defects(CTD)patients and normal controls in order to determine the relationship between TBX1 gene and CTD.Methods By PCR-RFLP,genotypes of these two SNPs were analyzed in 100 patients with CTD and 100 normal controls during Mar.2004 to May.2006. 2 test was applied to analyze the genotype frequency and allele frequency between CTD groups and control groups.Results Remarkable significance were observed at G2963A between CTD groups and normal controls,the G allele frequency in CTD groups were much higher than that in normal controls(?2=5.30,P

Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in diagnosing adult multiple atrial septal defect (MASD). Methods Thirty adult patients with MASD were examined with TTE, 25 patients were examined also with TEE, 26 patients were examined with cardiac catheterization as well. Transcatheter closure of MASD was performed in 20 patients and succeeded in 18, while open-chest operation was performed in 4 patients. Results Foramen secundum atrial septal defect was diagnosed with both TTE and TEE with an accuracy rate of 60.00% (18/30) and 96.00% (24/25), respectively. The main color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) feature of adult MASD was multiple colorful left-to-right shunt signals through the atrial septal designated, i.e. colander sign of CDFI. Conclusion TTE has some difficulties and TEE has specific value in diagnosing adult MASD. TTE can be used before open-chest operation. TEE is necessary before transcatheter occlusion to make sure of the amount and location of atrial septal defect.

Objective To investigate the effect of maternal deprivation (MD) on neurobehavior and PP1Cγgene expression in hippocampus. Methods Male pups were randomly divided into MD group(thirty-five)and control group(twenty-four). From PND 1 to PND 21 ,pups in the MD groups underwent daily maternal deprivation for 3 h ( Postnatal day). Neurobehavior was observed to investigate neurodevelopment, Morris water maze was used to measure spatial learning and memory,and Real-Time quantitative PCR was employed to analyze PP1Cγ gene expression. Results Several significant deficiencies were observed in bodyweight and grasping reflex while a great enhancement in hot-plate test in rat pups suffering from MD( (26.23 ± 2.81 )g vs. (30. 38 ± 3.85 )g;( 19.37 ± 11.89) s vs. (22.39 ± 17.62 ) s; (4.36 ± 1.76 ) s vs. ( 5.26 ± 2.55 ) s; P ＜ 0. 05 ), but deficiencies in neurological reflexes were subtle ( ( 0.83 ±- 0.30 ) s vs. ( 0. 83 ± 0. 34 ) s; ( 3.68 ± 1.63 ) s vs. ( 5.61 ± 3. 01 ) s;( 3.00 ± 0.00 ) vs. ( 3.00 ± 0. 00); P ＞ 0. 05 ). MD had a subtle influence on spatial learning and memory (P ＞0.05). Meanwhile,MD could lead to PP1Cγ expression down-regulation on PND 22 ( (2.19 ±0.62) vs. (3.52 ±0.86), P＜0. 05)which was in line with early neurobehavior results. No difference was found compared with MD group and control group on PND60 ( ( 1.73 ± 0. 78 ) vs. ( 1.33 ± 0. 34); P ＞ 0.05 ). However, there was the up-regulation of PP1Cγexpression on PND 90 ( (2.85 ± 0. 34) vs. ( 1.34 ± 0.93 ); P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion MD alters early neurobehavior and hippocampal PP1Cγgene expression in the Wistar rats,but has a subtle effect on learning and memory. At the same time,MD can make PP1Cγexpression in the hippocampus varying with the age.

Objective To compare the rates of regimen modification between patients with different initial antiretroviral therapy, and to investigate risk factors associated with drug toxicity-related regimen modification.Methods A two-years retrospective cohort study was conducted in 14 060 patients who initiated antiretroviral treatment with Zidovudine (AZT)/Tenofovir disoproxil (TDF)+Lamivudine (3TC)+Efavirenz (EFV) since 2012.There were 5 126 patients initiated TDF+3TC+EFV therapy (TDF group) and 8 934 patients initiated AZT+3TC+EFV therapy (AZT group).Chi-square test was used to compare the rate of first-line regimen modification and the rate of toxicity-related regimen modification between two groups.Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the risk factors associated with regimen modification.Results A total of 14 060 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients were observed for a median period of 1.85 person-years.There were 2 795 patients who changed their initial antiretroviral regimen and the rate of initial regimen modification was 19.9%.Two hundred patients who changed their initial regimen due to pregnancy were excluded.There were 2 070 patients in AZT group who changed their initial regimen with a rate of 23.5%.Among them, 1 652 patients changed their regimen due to drug toxicity and the rate was 18.8%.There were 525 patients in TDF group who changed their initial regimen with a rate of 10.4% and the rate of toxicity-related regimen modification was 6.2%.The differences between two groups were statistical significance (χ2=366.68 and 416.89, respectively, both P<0.01).The risk of regimen modification in AZT group were significantly higher than that in TDF group (aHR=2.89, 95%CI: 2.57-3.24).The risk of toxicity-related regimen modification in AZT group was also significantly higher than that in TDF group (aHR=3.85, 95%CI: 3.34-4.45).Conclusions Patients initiated antiretroviral treatment with AZT+3TC+EFV are more likely to change their initial regimen than those who initiated treatment with TDF+3TC+EFV.Female, age >45 years old, BMI<18.5 kg/cm2 and baseline CD4+ T cell count<200/mL were risk factors associated with regimen modification.

AIM: To prepare Nano-Liposome encapsulated MAGE3/HSP70(NL M3H) and study its character and antitumor immunity in mouse. METHODS: NL M3H was prepared by the thin film-dispersion ultrasonic. The shape and size of NL M3H were detected by electron microscope. The encapsulation rate, drug-carrying capacity, stability and the releasing character were tested by Sephedex-G100 gel filtration. The mouse was immunized by NL M3H, and the antitumor immunity was detected by ELISPOT and LDH release assay. RESULTS: The mean size of NL M3H was lower than 100 nm. The encapsulation rate was 38％.The drug content was 0.038 g/L. NL M3H has good stability after stored in 4℃ for 6 months. The releasing profile showed that 74 percent of proteins was released during the first 24 hours in saline. The results of ELISPOT and LDH release assay showed that NL M3H generated tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)to damage tumor cel1. CONCLUSION: NL M3H has novel characters, it can generate specific CTL to kill tumor cell, and can be used as new kind of vaccine agsinst tumor.

Objective Design short stature panel with gene curration strategy.Methods The gene curation process was introduced in detail.The strength of a gene-disease relationship was evaluated based on publicly available genetic and experimental evidence.This process in short stature panel design and its effect on gene selection was further demonstrated.Results After gene curation, the number of gene in list was effectively decreased from 1 276 to 705.The panel sequencing reached a diagnosis rate of 19.7% among a cohort of 371 nation-wide ascertained short stature patients.The gene curation process reduced the risk of false positive findings and decreased diagnostic cost and working hours without affecting the diagnosis rate.Conclusion Gene curation is an important step for NGS-based test and should be widely exercised.

The protective efficacy of DNA plasmids encoding avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1, N, or M protein was investigated in chickens. Chickens were inoculated monovalently (with plasmid pVAX1-16S1, pVAX1-16M, or pVAX1-16N alone) or multivalently (combination of the three different plasmids, pVAX1-16S1/M/N). A prime-boost immunization protocol against IBV was developed. Chickens were immunized with the multivalent DNA vaccine twice and then boosted with an inactivated vaccine once. Antibody titers of the chickens immunized with pVAX1-16S1/M/N were much higher than those of the monovalent groups (p < 0.01). A protective rate up to 90% was observed in the pVAX1-16S1/M/N group. The serum antibody titers in the prime-boost birds were significantly higher than those of the multivalent DNA vaccine group (p < 0.01) but not significantly different compared to the inactivated vaccine group at 49 days of age. Additionally, the prime-boost group also showed the highest level of IBV-specific cellular proliferation compared to the monovalent groups (p < 0.01) but no significant difference was found compared to the multivalent DNA vaccine group, and the prime-boost group completely protected from followed viral challenge.
Aging ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control/*veterinary/virology ; Immunization, Secondary/veterinary ; Infectious bronchitis virus/*immunology ; Poultry Diseases/*prevention & control/virology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/physiology ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the image quality of three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with sparse undersampling and iterative reconstruction (sparse TOF) with that of conventional TOF MRA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 56 patients who had undergone sparse TOF MRA for intracranial artery evaluation on a 3T MR scanner. Conventional TOF MRA scans were also acquired from 29 patients with matched acquisition times and another 27 patients with matched scanning parameters. The image quality was scored using a five-point scale based on the delineation of arterial vessel segments, artifacts, overall vessel visualization, and overall image quality by two radiologists independently, and the data were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Contrast ratios (CRs) of vessels were compared using the paired t test. Interobserver agreement was calculated using the kappa test. RESULTS: Compared with conventional TOF at the same spatial resolution, sparse TOF with an acceleration factor of 3.5 could reduce acquisition time by 40% and showed comparable image quality. In addition, when compared with conventional TOF with the same acquisition time, sparse TOF with an acceleration factor of 5 could also achieve higher spatial resolution, better delineation of vessel segments, fewer artifacts, higher image quality, and a higher CR (p < 0.05). Good-to-excellent interobserver agreement (κ: 0.65–1.00) was obtained between the two radiologists. CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional TOF, sparse TOF can achieve equivalent image quality in a reduced duration. Furthermore, using the same acquisition time, sparse TOF could improve the delineation of vessels and decrease image artifacts.
Acceleration ; Arteries ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Turner syndrome（TS），a condition among females with a karyotype containing one X chromosome and complete or partial absence of the second sex chromosome，affects 20～50 in 100 000 newborn girls. Congenital or acquired cardiovascular diseases are present in about half of patients with TS. The congenital defects occur in about 25%～50% of TS patients；aortic dilatation as an important risk factor for aortic dissection is common in adult patients with TS. Furthermore，arrhythmias are found more frequently in patients with TS. A higher prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents with TS has also been reported，and the application of 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may facilitates the diagnosis of hypertension among these children and adolescent.Thus，active health education，correct follow-up and timely intervention are crucially needed.