Objective To observe the differences and glucose level in plasma and serum under the current experimental condition, and the influence of the time of blood sample on detecting results.Methods The glucose level measuring was used by glucose oxidase method. Thirty blood samples from healthy physical examination were collected and with anticogulated EDTA or heprin.Results The glucose level was 0.1-0.3mmol/L higher in immediate centrifugal serum than that in plasma.Bathing the samples in 37℃ for 1h, the glucose level in serum decreased 0.9-1.1 mmol/L, and decreased 0.5 -0.7 mmol/L in plasma. Bathing the samples in 37℃ 2h later, it decreased 1.3-1.5 mmol/L in serum, and decreased 0.7-0.9 mmol/L in plasma. Placing samples in room temperature for 1h, the glucose level decreased 0.3-0.6 mmol/L in serum, and 0.2-0.3 mmol/L in plasma.For 1h in room temperature and then in 37℃ for 1h, the glucose level decreased 0.6-1.2 mmol/L in serum, and 0.3-0.7 mmol/L in plasma. Placing samples in room temperature for 2h and then in 37℃ 1h, the glucose level decreased 1.4-1.8 mmol/L in serum, and 0.7-1.1 mmol/L in plasma. Placing samples in room temperature for 3h, the glucose level decreased 0.9-1.3 mmol/L in serum, and decreased 0.8-1.0 mmol/L in plasma.Placing the centrifugal samples in 37℃ 1h, the glucose level decreased 0.5-0.6 mmol/L in serum. If placing the centrifugal samples mixed with heparin in room temperature for 1h, it only decreased 0.08mmol/L in plasma. The glucose level in immediate centrifugal samples treated with separation gel increased 0.2mmol/L than that in samples which placed in room temperature for 15min. So the changes of glucose level in blood samples revealed absolute value decreased in the course of placement.Conclusion Both the immediate centrifugal heprin-anticogulated plasma and separation gel treated serum can truly indicate the blood glucose level individually.

Objective To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chloroprocaine with or without epinephrine for epidural blockade. Methods Twenty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 37-55 yrs weighing 45-80 kg undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10 each): group C chloroprocaine without epinephrine and group CE chloroprocaine with epinephrine. The epidural catheter was inserted into epidural space at T12-L4 and advanced toward head for about 4 cm. After correct epidural placement was confirmed,3% chloroprocaine 6 mg?kg-1 with or without 1:200 000 epinephrine was injected into epidural space over 2 min. Onset time of analgesia , motor blockade and degree of motor blockade at 20 min after epidural injection (Bromage scale 0 = no motor block, 3 = unable to flex hip, knee and ankle) were recorded. Blood samples were taken from radial artery before and at 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 min after epidural injection for determination of plasma chloroprocaine concentration by HPLC. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to demographic data. There were no significant differences in the pharmokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chloroprocaine between the two groups. The Cmax was (0.491?0.47) mg?L-1 and (0.32?0.22) mg?L-1; The Tmax was (8?3) min and (9?4) min; the AUC was (10?6) ?g?min?ml-1 and (7?4) ?g?min?ml-1;the K was 0.32?0.21 min-1 and 0.36?0.32 min-1 in group C and CE respectively. Conclusion Epinephrine 1:200 000 does not affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3 % chloroprocaine for epidural block.

Objective To develop subjective well-being simplify scale (SWBSS),and examine its reliability and validity.Methods A self-report SWBSS containing 13 items was developed on college student and research literature.2374 college students completed SWBSS,Index of Well-Being(IWB),World Health of Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQOL-BREF),Beck Depression Rating Scale (BDI) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Results ①Exploratory factor analysis results showed that SWBSS had 1 factor,and accounted for 41.768％ of variance.②Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that x2/df =2.208,RMR =0.016,RMSEA =0.032 ; GFI =0.986,AGFI =0.974,NFI =0.978,RFI =0.966,IFI =0.988,TLI =0.981,CFI =0.988 ; PGFI =0.552,PNFI =0.639,PCFI =0.646 ; construct reliability =0.901.③The Cronbach'α coefficient,split-half reliability,stability coefficient of SWBSS was 0.876,0.817 and 0.740 (P ＜ 0.01).The SWBSS scores was significantly correlated with the scores of IWB,WHOQOL-BREF,BDI and SAS (r =0.706 ～ 0.892,r =-0.650 ～-0.580,P＜0.01).Conclusion The stability,internal consistency,and validity of the SWBSS are good and meet with psychometric standard.

Objective Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in males .The article was to investigate the expres-sion and clinicopathological significance of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer , finding the molecular marker for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of prostate cancer . Methods TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) analysis was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C mRNA in 3 prostate cancer cell lines(PC-3, DU145 and LNCap), 32 cases of prostate cancer (Pca) sam-ples and 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Analysis was also made on the correlations of VEGF-C mRNA expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis . Results High levels of VEGF-C mRNA were detected in PC-3 ( 153 .31 ±26 .24 ) and DU145(194.62 ±41.36)compared to LNcap(1.00 ±0.00).The expression of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer tissues was 3.43 folds higher than that in the benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues ([13.67 ±1.95] vs [11.89 ±1.63], P=0.004).The high expres-sion of VEGF-C mRNA in prostate cancer was associated with high Gleason score ( P =0.004 ) and lymph node metastasis ( P =0.015).In patients with high expression and low expression of VEGF-C mRNA, the 3-year survival rate was 12.5%and 40.0%re-spectively(P=0.033). Conclusion The VEGF-C mRNA expression may be related to the biological behavior of prostate cancer .It is suggested that VEGF-C mRNA can be used as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer .

Objective To detect and analyze the HBV?related indexes in the urine of HBV transgenic mice and further understand the biological characteristics of transgenic mice, and to clarify the tissue sources of HBV?related indexes. Methods HBV?related indexes in the urine of transgenic mice were tested using enzyme?linked immune sorbent assay ( ELISA ) and fluorescence quantitative PCR ( real?time RCR ) . The tissue sources were confirmed by several experiments, i. e. hydrodynamic transfection of mice, RNA interference to inhibit HBV?expression in the transgenic mice, and to infect normal mice with HBV?positive serum from patients. Results Expression of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV?DNA was present in the urine of transgenic mice, of which the HBsAg expression level was high (6674 ± 619?8 IU/mL), but lower than that in the serum (16470 ± 2704 IU/mL). The level of HBsAg expression in the urine of male mice was higher than that in female mice. The level of HBeAg expression in the urine was lower and the HBeAg positive rate of urine was higher than that of blood, and the levels of HBeAg expression showed significant inter?individual and inter?sexual differences. HBV?DNA level reached 103 -105 copy/mL in the urine, but no related antibody expression was detected. The experiments such as hydrodynamic infection test indicated that the HBV?related indexes in the urine are derived from replication in the kidneys rather than secreted from the liver, entered into the blood circulation, and discharged from the urine. The kidneys are an independent expression site of HBV. Conclusions The expression of HBV?related indexes is present in the urine of transgenic mice and it is a long?term expression along with the age in months, of which the expression levels of HBsAg and HBV?DNA are rather high and stable. HBsAg titer in the urine of the male mice is higher than that of female mice. HBeAg expression level in the male mice is more stable compared with that in female mice. No expressions of various kinds of antibodies have been found in the urine. The kidneys are an independent expression site of HBV.

Objective To investigate the factors of effecting with yindex analysis of delivery for helical tomotherapy (HT).Methods Measuring γindex with the ArcCheck device for introduced errors in HT.The errors include setup errors in three-dimensional,the gantry angle error,calculating the dose in the phantom,low dose rate.All the results were compared with the 3％/3 mm and 2％/2 mm criteria.The effect of the accuracy in the application of kilovoltage computed tomography (KVCT) and mega-voltage computed tomography (MVCT) images in HT was also analyzed.Paired-t test method was used for difference compared.Results When the errors were introduced to the HT,theγpassing rate of left-right,superior-inferior,anterior-posterior direction dropped 2.7％,7.2％,3.6％ under the 3％/3 mm criteria (P =0.002,0.022,0.007),with 4.6％,15.7 ％,7.6％ under the 2％/2 mm criteria (P =0.001,0.003,0.002) respectively.There was no statistical significance for theγpassing between scanning the ArcCheek phantom with the KVCT and MVCT under the 3％/3 mm and 2％/2 mm criteria (98.6％ vs 98.7％,P =0.859 and 92.7％ vs 92.8％,P =0.984).Conclusions The errors of the setup position and machine paraments can lead to the dose delivery errors in HT,the quality accurance of machine and plan should be enhanced to minimize the dose errors.The results also showed that there is no difference of KVCT and MVCT image on the delivery of HT.

Objective A comparability analysis was performed between the various parameters of the self-developed dry-type blood cell analyzer with the reference instrument (Sysmex XT-1800i).Methods In line with the evaluation program of blood cells issued by ICSH,the detection results,six parameters as HCT,Hb,GRAN (granulocytes),LM (lymphatic and monocytes),WBC and PLT,were compared between the two instruments.Some indexes of the subject instrument such as precision,comparability,outlier points,bias,etc.were analyzed and compared so as to calculate the equation of linear regression and the expected bias intervals.Results The intra and inter CV of the subject instrument about six parameters were respectively less than 5％ and 6％,so it showed that the instrument had good precision.Correlation analysis showed that the classification results of HCT,Hb,GRAN and WBC had a good correlation (r =0.991,0.972,0.986,0.975,P ＜0.01),while that of LM and PLT were slightly lower (r =0.952,0.942,P ＜0.01) ; As to the medical decision level,HCT values were 14％ and 70％,WBC 0.5 × 109/L and 3 ×109/L,and PLT 10 × 109/L,50 × 109/L and 100 × 109/L,and the acceptable bias of these values all fell in the confidence intervals; the values of the rest items were slightly higher than the high value of the confidence interval of expected bias.Conclusions The subject instrument produces the same results in the test of its parameters as the reference instrument Sysmex XT-1800i and therefore the two instruments are comparable.The subject instrument is particularly suitable for field rapid detection.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the T-SPOT.TB in connective tissue disease(CTD) combined with tuberculosis.Methods This is a case-control study.Forty-four patients with CTD combined with tuberculosis were enrolled from Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from September 2011 to July 2012.Another forty-four CTD patients without tuberculosis were evaluated as a control group.The diagnostic value of T-SPOT.TB and risk factors of the false negative results by T-SPOT.TB were analyzed.Results The sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB (70.5％,31/44) was significantly higher than that of TST(27.3％,12/44) for CTD combined with tuberculosis patients (x2 =16.42,P ＜ 0.001).The specificity of T-SPOT.TB and TST were 93.2％ (41/44) and 88.6％ (39/44),respectively.There was no significant difference between the specificity (x2 =0.14,P =0.711).The positive predictive value of T-SPOT.TB was 91.2％ (31/34).The negative predictive value was 75.9％ (41/54).Youden's index was 0.64,and the positive likelihood ratio was 10.3.All the index were higher than that of TST (0.16 and 2.4).While the negative likelihood ratio which was 0.32 was lower than that of TST (0.82).When spot forming cell frequencies of T-SPOT.TB of PBMC was set to 38SFCs/106 PBMC,it had the best cut-off value.Age,use of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressant therapy,lymphocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia were not associated with false negative T-SPOT.TB assay.Conclusion The T-SPOT.TB assay is much more useful than TST for diagnosing CTD combined with tuberculosis.

Objective:To compare the leaf open time (LOT) parameters and γ passing rates between the 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 helix Tomotherapy planning systems and evaluate the improvement.Methods:Retrospective comparison of the treatment plans of 345 cases selected by 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 versions was performed. The Machine Specific Sinogram of each plan was extracted from the archived plan file to calculate the LOT. The evaluated LOT parameters included the projection time, the maximum LOT, the mean non-zeros time, the time difference between the projection time and the maximum LOT, the relative count of leaves with LOT greater than maximum LOT minus 5 ms, the relative count of leaves with LOT lower than 100 ms and the beam on time. The γ passing rate (criteria: 3 mm/3%, 10% threshold and global error) and the LOT parameters between two version systems were evaluated with the independent t-test. The relationship between the LOT parameters and γ passing rate was analyzed by the multiple linear regression method. Results:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.0.4 system was 97.86%, significantly lower than 98.6% of the Ver 4.2.3 system ( P<0.001). The time gap between the projection time and the maximum LOT of the Ver 4.2.3 system was significantly less than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system (1 ms vs. 11 ms, P<0.001). For the Ver 4.0.4 system, the multiple linear regression method showed that the maximum LOT ratio and the beam on time were negatively correlated with the γ passing rate (both P<0.001). However, for the Ver 4.2.3 system, only the beam on time showed a negative correlation with the γ passing rate ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.2.3 system is significantly higher than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system. The decrease of γ passing rate caused by the leaves near the maximum LOT is properly resolved in the new version system.

Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity of the ArcCheck dosimetry system in detecting the leaf open time errors during the center and off-center helical tomotheray delivery quality assurance (DQA).Methods:Nine nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were selected in this study. Two DQA plans were created for each patient: the" center" plan was created by moving the image of the ArcCheck phantom to place the high dose region on the phantom center and the " off-center" plan was created by offsetting the phantom and putting several diodes through a higher does region. Leaf open time errors of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms were introduced to the Sinogram which was modified using Matlab. Each intentional error plan and original (no error) plan for each patient were measured using both " center" and " off-center" DQA methods, the γ analysis was performed to evaluate the DQA results. The different dose and distance error criteria of 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm and 2%/2 mm were selected, and different thresholds of 5%, 10% and 15% were selected for γ analysis. The gradient and the minimum detectable error approach were taken to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity. The correlation between different dose distance error criteria and different thresholds was also evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The absolute value of γ gradient of the " center" DQA plans were larger than those of the " off-center" plans in all different γ criteria (all P<0.05). The stricter the γ criteria were adopted, the more sensitive DQA results of leaf open time error were obtained. The minimum detectable error was 2 ms in all different γ criteria for the " center" DQA plan. The minimum error detectability of the " off-center" DQA plan was weaker than that of the " center" DQA plan. The γ passing rates of three different dose distance error criteria were significantly strongly correlated for the " center" DQA plan ( R2>0.9). For the " off-center " DQA plan, only the 3%/3 mm and 3%/2 mm criteria were significantly strongly correlated ( R2>0.9). Significant strong correlation was observed in the γ passing rate at different thresholds between the " off-center" and " center" DQA plans. Conclusions:The " center" DQA plan method is more sensitive than the " off-center" DQA plan method in all γ criteria, and the γ passing rates in different γ criteria are strongly correlated for the " center" DQA plan. The " center" DQA plan method is recommended.