Objective To study the growth and oxidative damage of rats exposed to mercury mining area rice. Methods The rats were exposed to the rice harvested in mercury mining area or in other area for 90 days, and then determined the change of their weight, the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, the content of MDA and GSH in brain, liver and kidney tissue. Results After 90 days of exposure, compared with the control,significantly higher weight,higher level of MDA,lower activities of GSH-Px,SOD and lower level of GSH were found in brain, liver and kidney tissue of the rat of exposure group. Conclusion The results of the present paper show that the rice contaminated by mercury in this mercury mining area may induce lipid peroxidation in the rat's in brain, liver and kidney tissue.

Objective To investigate the bacteria identification and clinical features of brucellosis in Qingdao City.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data,including general situation,clinical symptom,bacterial culture and laboratory findings,etc of 34 patients with brucellosis in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2010 to November 2014.Results Among the 34 patients,24 were male and 10 were female,aged from 12 to 71.The main clinical manifestations included fever,diaphoresis and arthralgia,and merged multiple organ symptoms.After cultured for 3 to 5 days,16 blood samples were positive,6 tissue samples were positive,with 2 positive in both samples.Thirty-four cases were identified Brucella species.Besides liver parameters abnormality and anemia,elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were the most common laboratory findings.Patients got better prognosis after antibiotic combination therapy.Conclusions With increasing numbers of brucellosis cases in non-endemic areas,we should pay attention to bacteriological culture and other confirmation tests.On the other hand,techniques such as morphology and growth characteristics of Brucella should be mastered to prevent laboratory infection.

Objective:To investigate prevalence and related factors of overweight and obesity in children aged 6-12 years in Yiwu of Zhejiang Province.Methods:The stratified sampling method was used to perform physical examination and questionnaire survey among 500 children aged 6-12 years from five schools in Yiwu (166 from city-level schools, 168 from district-level schools, and 166 from village-level schools). The number of children at each year of 6-12 years was 54 (10.8%), 66 (13.2%), 70 (14.0%), 69 (13.8%), 83 (16.6%), 79 (15.8%) and 79 (15.9%). The factors that affect the prevalence of overweight and obesity were analyzed.Results:Among 500 school-age children, the detection rates of overweight and obesity were 12.8% (64/500) and 11.6% (58/500), respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rates of overweight and obesity between male and female children (16.1%/9.0%, 15.4%/7.3%), among children whose fathers received different levels of education (primary school and below/junior high school/senior high school and above) (25.0%/13.1%/9.2%, 22.9%/11.2%/9.2%), among children whose mothers received different levels of education (primary school and below/junior high school/senior high school and above) (23.5%/12.9%/10.1%, 19.6%/13.3%/7.7%), among children living in cities versus villages (18.6%/8.8%, 16.7%/8.1%), among children performing exercise for different lengths of time (< 0.5 hours/0.5-1.0 hours/> 1.0-2.0 hours/> 2.0 hours) (21.2%/14.9%/13.1%/3.6%, 19.2%/13.1%/11.9%/3.6%), among children with different sleep time (< 8 hours/8-10 hours/>10 hours) (16.8%/14.2%/6.3%, 15.9%/12.7%/5.6%), among children taking dessert at different frequencies (< 3 days per week/3-5 days per week/> 5 days per week) (5.6%/10.3%/23.4%, 4.9%/9.4%/21.4%), among children taking sugary or carbonated drinks at different frequencies (< 3 days per week/3-5 days per week/> 5 days per week) (6.5%/11.2%/17.1%, 6.5%/9.4%/16.1%), and among children who took extra meals before bed (< 3 days per week /3-5 days per week /> 5 days per week) (15.8%/9.4%/20.3%, 14.3%/8.5%/19.0%) (overweight: χ2 = 5.61, 8.41, 6.74, 10.48, 17.45, 6.74, 22.43; obesity: χ2 = 7.88, 6.28, 6.58, 8.63, 14.76, 6.74, 20.69, all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that boys, unbalanced diet and extra meals before bed are independent risk factors for overweight and obesity in school-age children (all P < 0.05). Sleep time, exercise time and mother's education were protective factors of overweight and obesity (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The incidences of overweight and obesity among school-age children aged 6-12 years in Yiwu of Zhejiang province are high, and sex, mother's education level, diet, exercise and sleep are the main influential factors of overweight and obesity.

Based on the constructed promoter probe vectors that could replicate both in E. coli and in a cold-adapted bacterium, several candidate promoters were isolated and their activities were evaluated by RT-PCR. The transcription initiation sites and core sequence of promoters were determined by primer extension analysis. A low-temperature expression vector was constructed by using the strongest promoter and a thermolabile alpha-amylase gene was successfully overproduced under control of this promoter at low temperature (7 degrees C), while the secreted alpha-amylase amounted up to 35% of the total extracellular proteins. The expression system is expected to be useful for the production of thermolabile exogenous proteins at low temperatures.
Acinetobacter ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cold Temperature ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Transformation, Genetic ; alpha-Amylases ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Chloramphenicol-resistant gene was cloned and analyzed by constructing genomic DNA library of Serratia marcescens KMR-3. It showed that cloned chloramphenicol-resistant gene encoded a protein product of 397 amino acids. The protein belonged to PRK10473 protein, and it showed 92% similarity to drug resistance transporter, Bcr/CflA subfamily of Serratia proteamaculans 568. Regulation elements including promoter, terminator, Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence and transcription start site also were identified.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chloramphenicol Resistance ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Serratia marcescens ; classification ; genetics

The preparation edge of the tooth in oral restoration has always been the hot concern for dentists,and the improper preparation edge may lead to such diseases as caries and periodontitis,and ultimately lead to the restoration failure.The application of biologically oriented preparation technique has been proven to restore good periodontal soft and hard tissue morphology,which is expected to replace the traditional dental preparation methods.This article aims to comprehensively discuss the application of biologically oriented preparation technique in veneers,full crown and implantation.

As specialized intracellular parasite, viruses have no ability to metabolize independently, so they completely depend on the metabolic mechanism of host cells. Viruses use the energy and precursors provided by the metabolic network of the host cells to drive their replication, assembly and release. Namely, viruses hijack the host cells metabolism to achieve their own replication and proliferation. In addition, viruses can also affect host cell metabolism by the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), affecting carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles, and participate in microbial-driven biogeochemical cycling. This review summarizes the effect of viral infection on the host's core metabolic pathway from four aspects: cellular glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and viral AMGs on host metabolism. It may facilitate in-depth understanding of virus-host interactions, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of viral diseases through metabolic intervention.
Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Virus Diseases ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Lipid Metabolism

Due to the special geographical location and the complex ecosystem types, plateau wetlands play important ecological roles in water supply, greenhouse gas regulation and biodiversity preservation. Napahai plateau wetland is a special wetland type with low latitude and high altitude, and its microbial diversity was rarely studied. The diversity of microbial communities in the Napahai plateau wetland was analyzed using metagenomics method. Among the microbes detected, 184 phyla, 3 262 genera and 24 260 species belong to the bacterial domain, 13 phyla and 32 genera belong to the archaeal domain, and 13 phyla and 47 genera belong to the fungal domain. Significant differences in species diversity between soil and water were observed. Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla in soil, while Proteobacteria and Bacteroides were dominant phyla in water. Since the carbon and nitrogen metabolism genes were abundant, the pathways of carbon fixation and nitrogen metabolism were analyzed. Calvin cycle, reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle were the main carbon fixation pathways, while Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Crenarchaeota were the main carbon-fixing bacteria group. As for the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen fixation and dissimilatory nitrate reduction were dominant in water, while nitrification and denitrification were dominant in soil. Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota contributed to the nitrogen cycle. The study on microbial diversity of Napahai plateau wetlands provides new knowledge for the comprehensive management and protection of wetland environment in China.
Carbon ; Ecosystem ; Metagenomics ; Nitrogen ; Soil Microbiology ; Wetlands

Enzyme-catalyzed CO₂ reduction to value-added commodities is important for alleviating the global environmental issues and energy crises due to high selectivity and mild conditions. Owing to high energy density, formic acid or methanol produced from CO₂ using formate dehydrogenase (FDH) or multi-enzyme cascades are promising target chemicals for CO₂ utilization. However, the low activity, poor stability and low reusability of key enzymes involved in such process hampered its large-scale application. Enzyme immobilization provides an effective solution to these problems and significant progress have been made in immobilization carriers. Moreover, integration of enzyme immobilization with other catalysis techniques have been explored extensively. This review summarized the recent advances in the immobilization of enzymes using membranes, inorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks and other carriers, and illustrated the characteristics and advantages of different immobilization materials and immobilization methods. The synergistic effects and applications of immobilized enzymes and electrocatalytic or photocatalytic coupling reaction systems for CO₂ reduction were further summarized. Finally, the current challenges of enzyme immobilization technology and coupling reaction systems were pointed out and their development prospects were presented.
Enzymes, Immobilized ; Carbon Dioxide ; Catalysis ; Formate Dehydrogenases ; Metal-Organic Frameworks