The lower limb rehabilitation training robots were divided into standing robots and sitting robots. Standing lower limb reha-bilitation robots included three kinds of typical structures, which mainly support body weight by suspension, and partially by air bags. Sit-ting lower limb rehabilitation robots were divided into chair and bed types, they support body weight by chairs and beds. This article re-viewed the development of products in the structures of the configuration, combined with some of the existing product and research, as well as the clinical application, .

Objective To develop a system for hand function evaluation and training based on virtual reality. Methods 5DT Data Glove 5 Ultra, Visual Studio 2010 were integrated as the development environment and DirectX 9.0 as components, and the system was developed based on the MFC programming framework. Results and Conclusion The system can assess the fingers function, recognise gestures and can be used as a 3D environment for virtual training, which may guide the patients to take the training actively.

Objective: To investigate the level and influencing factors of health literacy among the elderly in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, so as to provide the evidence for developing the strategy to improve health literacy among the elderly. Methods: A total of 3 125 residents at ages of 60 years and older were recruited from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture with a multistage random cluster sampling method from June to September, 2021. The level of health literacy was investigate among the elderly using the Questionnaire on the Health Literacy among Chinese Residents, and factors affecting the health literacy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 3 125 questionnaires were allocated and 3 022 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.70%. The respondents included 1 562 men (51.69%) and 1 460 women (48.31%), and had a mean age of (67.37±5.78) years. The participants included 1 234 individuals with an ethnic minority (40.83%). The overall prevalence of health literacy was 5.99% among participants, and the prevalence rates of basic healthy knowledge and attitudes, healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic health-related skills were 13.57%, 8.97% and 7.67%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified Han Ethnicity (OR=2.266, 95%CI: 1.497-3.431), educational level (illiteracy/semi-illiteracy, OR=0.097, 95%CI: 0.038-0.246; primary school, OR=0.125, 95%CI: 0.051-0.303; junior high school, OR=0.276, 95%CI: 0.113-0.672; high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=0.307, 95%CI: 0.125-0.757), enterprise workers (OR=1.791, 95%CI: 1.089-2.947) and annual household income of less than 10 000 RMB (OR=0.526, 95%CI: 0.294-0.940) as factors affecting health literacy among the elderly in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Conclusions The level of health literacy is low among the elderly in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and ethnicity, educational level, occupation and annual household income are main factors affecting the level of health literacy among the elderly in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ulinastatin on the hearts of rats with anoxia-induced cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CA-CPR) and the mechanism of improving cardiac dysfunction .Methods Twenty male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups :sham operation group (group A ,n= 8 ,only anesthesia , tracheotomy tube and vascular puncture) ,control group(group B ,n= 6 ,normal saline 4 mL · kg -1 injected via vein) ,Ulinastatin treatment group(group C ,n=6 ulinastatin 50 000 U/kg+normal saline 3 mL · kg -1 injected via vein);Factors including mean arte-rial pressure(MAP) ,left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) ,the maximum rising and falling rates of left ventricular deep pressure(± LVdp .dt-1max) ,brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) ,cardiac troponin T(cTNT) ,IL-12 and TNF-αwere observed at setting time before and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats .Results Compared with those of the group A and before CA-CPR ,the concentrations of IL-12、cTNT、TNF-α、BNP、and LVEDP increased(P<0 .01)while ± LVdp .dt-1max decreased(P<0 .01) at 6 h after CA-CPR in group B ,C .Compared with those of group B ,the concentrations of IL-12、CTNT、TNF-α、BNP and LVEDP of 6 h after CA-CPR in group C were lower and ± LVdp .dt-1max was higher(P<0 .01) ,The concentrations of MAP of 6 h after CA-CPR in group B was lower Compared with that of group A ,C and before CA-CPR(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Ulinastatin can improve cardiac dysfunction by depressing mediators of inflammation and reducing myocardial injury .

OBJECTIVE:To compare therapeutic efficacy and safety of desflurane and sevoflurane for anesthesia of elderly pa-tients. METHODS:A randomized,parallel-controlled method was used,120 elderly patients undergoing anesthesia were random-ized into trial group and control group,with 60 cases in each group. Based on routine medication and disposal,control group was additionally given sevoflurane for anesthesia,and trial group given desflurane for anesthesia. The blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before anesthesia,2 min and 10 min after intubation,2 min and 30 min after the start of the operation;the extubation time,eye opening time,consciousness recovery time and postoperative complications were also recorded. RESULTS:10 min after intubation,the heart rate of trial group was significantly faster then that of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the blood pressure and heart rate of 2 groups had no statistically significant difference between 2 groups at other time points(P>0.05). The extubation time and consciousness recovery time of trial group were significantly shorter than those of control group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). The postoperative complications mainly were hypopiesia,hypertension,bronchospasm,nau-sea and vomiting,and dysphoria;the incidence of postoperative complications in trial group and control group were 25.0% and 40.0%,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Desflurane is effective with less postoperative complications for the anesthesia of elderly patients.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of low-dose ropivacaine combined with sufentanil in the upper limb anesthesia. METHODS:100 patients with upper limb anesthesia were randomly divided into control group and test group. Control group was intravenously injected 20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine;test group was intravenously injected 20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine +10 μg sufentanil. The anesthesia effect,disappearance time of pain,duration of analgesia,and pain visual analogue (VAS) score before anesthesia(T0),5 min(T1),15 min(T2)and 30 min(T3)after anesthetic block,and 4 h(T4)and 8 h(T5)after surgery,and in-cidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:VAS scores at T1-T5 in test group and T2-T4 in control group were significantly lower than T0,test group was lower than control group at T1,T2 and T5,the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05). The total effective rate of anesthesia in test group was significantly higher than control group,disappearance time of pain was significantly shorter than control group,duration of analgesia was significantly longer than control group,incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Both the efficacy and safety of low-dose ropivacaine combined with sufentanil in the upper limb anesthesia are good.

Objective To investigate the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of phyllodes tumors (PT) and explore their significance in differential diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis.Methods 48 specimens with PT were observed under light microscope with HE and immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method).The antibodies including CD34,CD10,CD117,p53,and Ki-67 were used.10 cases of fibroadenoma were compared and the clinical data and follow-up results were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of 48 cases with PT presented as well-circumscribed masses with typically leaflike structures composed of double-layered epithelial component arranged in clefts and overgrowing hypercellular mesenchymal component.31 benign,12 borderline,and 5 malignant PT were diagnosed based on stromal overgrowth,cellular pleomorphism,mitosis,margins,and others.Focal necrosis was detected in 3 malignant cases and liposarcoma component existed in 1 case.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive rates of CD34 were 93.5 ％,58.3 ％,0 in benign,bordline,and malignant PT respectively,there were significant differences between each groups (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CD10 were 25.8 ％,83.3 ％,80.0 ％,its expression in benign group was significantly different compared with bordline and malignant PT (P ＜ 0.05).p53 was expressed in three groups with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).CD117 and Ki-67 had high expression comparatively in malignant PT.All cases were treated surgically with a local recurrence rate of 22.9 ％.Conclusions Reasonable surgery pattern based on accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial to reduce the local recurrence rate of PT.Immunohistochemistry examination in PT is helpful to the differential diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of high-fat diet in the intestinal flora,fecal weight and its water content in rats, and to clarify the effect and significance of high-fat diet in the occurrence of obesity forming. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats were randomly divided into normal diet (ND)group and high-fat diet (HF)group (n=10).The rats in ND group were fed with normal diet,and the rats in HF group were fed with diet rich in oil and fat.The fresh feces were collected separately on days 1,15,30,and 49 for analysis of weight, water content,and intestinal flora.Results On the 49th day,the wet weight and water content of feces of the rats in ND group were (6.61 ± 0.17)g and (37.07 ± 3.04)%,respectively,while those in HF group were (4.46±0.30)g and (18.04±2.23)% (P<0.05).Compared with ND group ,the fecal pellets in HF group were increased obviously from the 7th day (P<0.05).There were obvious changes in intestinal microbial populations of HF group. The counts of enterococci, bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides bacteria were significantly decreased on the day 49, but the count of Escherichia coli was increased significantly (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion High-fat diet can result in decrease for weight,water content,and pellets of feces;it can change the structure of intestinal flora. As result, there is a possibility that all of changes above can promote obesity in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Xuebijing injection on the cardiac function and calcium ions of cardiocyte in rats after anoxia-induced cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CA-CPR).METHODS: CA-CPR model was induced in rats and then the model rats were randomized to 4 groups,i.e.sham group,model group,Xuebijing injection high dose group(4 mL?kg-1),and Xuebijing injection lowdose group(Xuebijing injection 2 mL?kg-1).Mean arterial pressure(MAP),?LVdp/dt max,average fluorescence intensity of calcium and pathological changes of cardiocytes were observed at 0 and 6 hours after resuscitation,respectively.RESULTS: Compared with model group,Xuebijing ingection high dose group at 6 h showed significantly increased MAP(P

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of infectious disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL) among rural residents in Dongxiang Autonomous County, and to construct a nomogram-based model for prediction of IDSHL. Methods: Totally 1 250 rural residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled from Dongxiang Autonomous County using a stratified random sampling method. Participants' IDSHL was evaluated using the IDSHL Assessment Scale among Chinese Residents, and factors affecting the participants' IDSHL were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. A nomogram-based model was created, and the predictive effectiveness of this model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and C-index. Results: A total of 1 223 valid respondents were enrolled, including 687 men (56.17%) and 536 women (43.83%), and the proportion of IDSHL was 48.48%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (reference: 60 years and older; 30 to <40 years: OR=4.273, 95%CI: 2.397-7.617; 40 to <50 years: OR=3.938, 95%CI: 2.238-6.928), education level (reference: illiteracy/semi-illiteracy; primary school: OR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.456-3.144; high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school: OR=2.914, 95%CI: 1.652-5.138; junior college and above: OR=4.514, 95%CI: 2.261-9.011), healthcare seeking/medications in the past 2 weeks (reference: yes; no: OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.346-3.046), self-rated health (reference: good; generally: OR=0.603, 95%CI: 0.376-0.966; poor: OR=0.462, 95%CI: 0.284-0.751) and daily average duration spent online (reference: no internet access; <1 h: OR=1.859, 95%CI: 1.306-3.437; 1 to <2 h, OR=1.996, 95%CI: 1.344-3.380; 2 to <3 h: OR=2.132, 95%CI: 1.109-3.116; 3 h and longer: OR=2.119, 95%CI: 1.175-3.390) as factors affecting IDSHL among rural residents in Dongxiang Autonomous County. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.774 (95%CI: 0.741-0.807) and the model had high calibration and differentiation levels [Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ2=13.276, P=0.103; internal model validation (bootstrapping): mean absolute error=0.019; C-index=0.764]. Conclusions Age, education level, healthcare seeking/medications in the past 2 weeks, self-rated health status and daily average duration spent online are factors affecting IDSHL among rural residents in Dongxiang Autonomous County. The nomogram model created based on these factors has a high efficiency and applicability for prediction of IDSHL among rural residents in Dongxiang Autonomous County.