ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of comprehensive nursing based on the behavioral goal attainment model on the clinical intervention effect among elderly female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), so as to provide a basis for optimizing the nursing strategies for patients with SUI and improving their quality of life. Methods: A total of 190 elderly female patients with SUI who were treated in the Department of Gynecology of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2023 to August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the intervention group received comprehensive nursing based on the behavioral goal attainment model. The 1-hour pad test was used to assess urinary incontinence symptoms. The bio-electrical stimulation feedback instrument was employed to detect the electromyogram (EMG) values in the pre-resting stage and slow-muscle stage for evaluating pelvic floor function. The bladder function scale was utilized to evaluate bladder function. The Chinese version of urinary incontinence ego-efficacy rating scales and incontinence quality of life assessment scale (IQOL) were used to assess self-efficacy and quality of life. The data on intervention compliance and nursing satisfaction were collected by a questionnaire survey. The differences between the two groups before and after the intervention were compared using the analysis of variance for repeated-measures data to evaluate the intervention effect. Results: There were 95 cases in the control group and 95 cases in the intervention group, with median ages were 64.00 (interquartile range, 23.50) and 64.50 (interquartile range, 19.50) years, respectively. The proportion of patients with cesarean section as the last delivery method was 21.05% in the control group and 12.63% in the intervention group. The proportion of patients with moderate disease severity was 67.36% in the control group and 58.95% in the intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, number of deliveries, marital status, educational level, mode of last delivery and severity of the disease between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). The analysis of variance of repeated-measures data showed that there were significant interactions between time and group for the urine leakage volume in the 1-hour pad test, the EMG values in the pre-resting stage, the EMG values in the slow-muscle stage, the scores of the bladder function, the self-efficacy scores, and the IQOL scores (all P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the EMG values in the slow-muscle stage, the scores of the bladder function, the self-efficacy scores, the IQOL scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, while the urine leakage volume in the 1-hour pad test and the EMG values in the pre-resting stage in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The good compliance rate of intervention and the satisfaction rate of nursing in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (83.16% vs. 60.00%, 90.53% vs. 75.79%, both P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive nursing based on the behavioral goal attainment model can improve urinary incontinence symptoms, pelvic floor function, bladder function, self-efficacy, quality of life, and intervention compliance of elderly female patients with SUI.

BACKGROUND: The effect of the interval between previous Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and rescue treatment on therapeutic outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between eradication rates and treatment interval durations in H. pylori infections. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2023 at six tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China. We recruited patients who were positive for H. pylori infection and required rescue treatment. Demographic information, previous times of eradication therapy, last eradication therapy date, and history of antibiotic use data were collected. The patients were divided into four groups based on the rescue treatment interval length: Group A, ≥4 weeks and ≤3 months; Group B, >3 and ≤6 months; Group C, >6 and ≤12 months; and Group D, >12 months. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori . Drug compliance and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed. Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare eradication rates between groups. RESULTS: A total of 670 patients were enrolled in this study. The intention-to-treat (ITT) eradication rates were 88.3% (158/179) in Group A, 89.6% (120/134) in Group B, 89.1% (123/138) in Group C, and 87.7% (192/219) in Group D. The per-protocol (PP) eradication rates were 92.9% (156/168) in Group A, 94.5% (120/127) in Group B, 94.5% (121/128) in Group C, and 93.6% (190/203) in Group D. There was no statistically significant difference in the eradication rates between groups in either the ITT ( P = 0.949) or PP analysis ( P = 0.921). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of AEs ( P = 0.934) or drug compliance ( P = 0.849) between groups. CONCLUSION: The interval duration of rescue treatment had no significant effect on H. pylori eradication rates or the incidence of AEs. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05173493.
Humans ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy* ; Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity* ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects* ; Adult ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use*

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

Background Perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a large group of emerging pollutants, are ubiquitous in the ecological environment. Their multiple organ toxic effects on human body are reported. Understanding the exposure level of PFAS in cord serum and associated influencing factors can provide scientific evidence for studying maternal and newborn health effects and risk regulation. Objective To explore the exposure levels of PFAS in cord serum and potential impact factors. Methods This study was based on the maternal and infant database and the cord serum sample bank of the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS) established in 2009. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, living environment, and lifestyle of mothers during pregnancy. A total of 1097 cord serum samples were measured utilizing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify influencing factors related to PFAS exposure level in cord serum. Results A total of 38 types of PFAS were detected in the cord serum samples, including 20 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA), 14 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSA), and 4 other types of PFAS. The detection rates of 14 PFAS compounds were above 50%. The detection rates of perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) were in the range of 99.18%-100.00%. The median concentrations of PFOA and 6∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6∶2CI-PFESA) were higher than those of the other compounds, which were 3.76 µg·L⁻¹ and 2.61 µg·L⁻¹, respectively. The correlation coefficients among cord serum PFAS were in the wide range of 0.0911-0.8429 (P < 0.05). The associations between PFHxS and perfluoro-1-heptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) (r=0.8429, P < 0.05), PFOS and PFHpS (r=0.7012, P < 0.05), and PFUdA and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) (r=0.7875, P < 0.05) were positive. The proportions of PFCA and PFSA in the cord serum samples were 60.1% and 38.4%, respectively. PFOA and 6∶2 Cl-PFESA were the predominant compounds in the cord serum samples, whose proportions were 37.8% and 19.3%, respectively. The concentrations of specific types of cord serum PFAS had varied associations with the following demographic variables of pregnant women: age, parity, education level, gestational age, and occupation. The multiple linear regression analysis found that the concentrations of 8 PFAS (PFHxS, PFHpS, PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, PFUdA, PFDoA, and 6∶2 CI-PFESA) in umbilical cord serum were lower in pregnant women aged 25 years and older than in those under the age of 25 years; compared to pregnant women with education levels at or below junior middle school, those with education levels at or above high school had lower concentrations of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA); the concentration of PFHpA in cord serum was negatively correlated with household annual income; multiparous women had higher concentrations of PFNA, PFUdA, and PFDoA than primiparous women; compared to mothers engaged in manual labor, the concentration of perfluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid (PFBS) in umbilical cord serum was lower in mothers engaged in mental labor, while the concentrations of PFBS and PFOA were lower and the concentrations of perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and 8∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (8∶2CI-PFESA) were higher in mothers of other occupational types; the concentrations of umbilical cord serum PFOA, PFOS, PFUdA, and PFDoA were positively correlated with the gestational age of pregnant women, while N-methylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido acetic acid (N-MeFOSAA) was negatively correlated with the gestational age of pregnant women; PFTrDA was negatively correlated with the birth weight of newborns; compared with those with insufficient gestational weight gain, those with adequate gestational weight gain had lower PFDoA, while those with excess gestational weight gain had higher N-MeFOSAA. Conclusion PFAS compounds exposure is common in the mothers and infants in the study area. PFOA and 6∶2 CI-PFESA are the two main compounds in cord serum. Cord serum PFAS are associated with several demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. Future research needs to pay more attention to PFAS alternatives and other emerging contaminants.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of Tyro3/Axl/Mertk (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase and ligands in severity evaluation for acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:The peripheral blood and clinical data of 27 patients with AP admitted in the Department of Gastroenterology of Shanghai General Hospital from February 2020 to July 2022 were prospectively selected. The patients were divided in to mild AP group (MAP, n=13), moderately severe AP (MSAP, n=10) and severe AP group (SAP, n=4) according to the 2012-revised Atlanta classification for AP. Another 10 healthy normal subjects were selected as the control group. The general information, biochemical indicators and blood cell analysis of the patients were recorded, and the levels of serum Gas6, protein S and soluble Axl (sAxl) were measured by ELISA. Linear regression equations were used to analyze the correlation of serum Gas6, protein S and sAxl levels with the white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil percentages, lymphocyte percentages, and monocyte percentages of each group, and to assess the clinical value of Gas6, protein S and sAxl in predicting the severity of AP patients. Results:Compared with the control group, the serum Gas6 level [(31.3±13.0)ng/ml vs (21.2±2.6)ng/ml], protein S level [(24.4±11.3)μg/ml vs (17.7±3.4)μg/ml], and sAxl level [(9.0±4.4)ng/ml vs (6.6±1.3)ng/ml] were significantly higher in the AP group. The Gas6 level was significantly higher in the SAP group (54.1±13.7 ng/ml) than in the MAP group (31.0±9.4 ng/ml) and the MSAP group (25.2±8.9 ng/ml), and the differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). The Gas6 level was significantly positively correlated with the WBC count ( r=0.1733) and neutrophils percentage ( r=0.4424), and negatively correlated with lymphocyte percentage(r=-0.363), with statistically significant differences (all P value <0.05). The levels of protein S and sAXL were positively correlated WBC count and neutrophil percentage, and negatively correlated with monocyte percentage and lymphocyte percentage, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions:The serum levels of Gas6 increase significantly with the severity grading of AP, which may serve as a relatively good predictor for the early severity assessment of AP.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)combined with attention training technique(ATT)on auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia.Methods:Sixty schizophrenia patients with au-ditory hallucinations were recruited according to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases,tenth Edition(ICD-10).They were randomly divided into the CBT group(30 cases,26 cases completed)and the CBT+ATT group(30 cases,25 cases completed).The CBT group received only 4 weeks of cognitive behavioral intervention for auditory hallucinations,and the CBT+ATT group received 6 weeks of attention training technology intervention based on cognitive behavioral intervention.At baseline and after 12 weeks,the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales-Auditory Hallucinations(PSYRATS-AH)and Scale of Social function in Psychosis Inpatients(SSPI)were used to evaluate the auditory hallucinations symptoms and social functioning of the two groups,and the Attentional Control Scale(ACS)was used to evaluate patients'attentional control ability of the CBT+ATT group.Results:After 12 weeks,the differences(post intervention score-baseline score)of PSYRATS-AH total scores[(-6.8±2.2)vs.(-4.2±1.5)],auditory hallucinations'frequency,duration,number of distresses,control of voices were lower in the CBT+ATT group than in the CBT group(Ps＜0.05),and the differences of the SSPI total scores[(13.9± 2.9)vs.(11.6±4.2)]and scores of Factor I and Factor Ⅲ were higher in the CBT+ATT group than in the CBT group(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:This study shows cognitive behavioral therapy combined with attention training technique could improve auditory hallucinations and social function more effectively in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of online pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) management among community-dwelling patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:This study was a single-center randomized controlled trail with an unblinded design. A total of 130 patients with stable COPD who visited Zhuanqiao Community Health Service Center in Shanghai Minhang District from October 2020 to March 2022 were randomly divided into study group and control group with 65 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment, while patients in study group attended online rehabilitation management, including face-to-face rehabilitation instruction and multiple online guidance. Pulmonary ventilation function including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) and percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced expiratoty volume (FEV 1%pred), modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT), score of 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD) and DOSE (dyspnea, degree of airflow obstruction, smoking status, the number of exacerbation) index were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of rehabilitation, and compared between two groups. Results:The baseline data of the two groups were comparable. After 8 weeks of management, FVC, FEV 1, FEV 1%pred, mMRC, CAT, 6MWD and DOSE index of both groups were improved compared with the baseline level(control group: t=-7.799, -7.581, -9.010, 3.565, 9.887, -16.677, 3.795; study group: t=-12.623, -13.914, -17.644, 7.404, 22.457, -26.826, 7.968; all P<0.05). The FEV 1%pred, CAT and 6MWD in the study group were better than those in the control group ( t=-2.939, 2.277,-2.130, all P<0.05); while there were no significant differences in FVC, FEV 1, mMRC and DOSE index between the two groups( t=-0.162, -1.280, 0.925, 1.939,all P>0.05). Conclusions:The online pulmonary rehabilitation management can better improve lung function, dyspnea symptoms and exercise tolerance of patients with stable COPD, which can be used for rehabilitation training and management of community-dwelling patients.

Objective To calculate the leakage rate of the automated watering system in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, to evaluate the safety of the system, and provide references for selection, maintenance, and management of automated watering systems in animal facilities.MethodsThis study investigated the automated watering system installed in South and North Barriers of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center (Phase II). Water leakage monitoring was conducted over two periods, one over a period of 3 years and the other over 1.5 years. The occurrence of water leakage events at the two barriers during the monitoring period was statistically analyzed, classifying the causes into four categories: mishandling by personnel, animal behavior, obstruction by foreign objects, and deformation of fittings. The total daily leakage rate due to these causes and the daily leakage rate caused by quality issues, i.e. obstruction by foreign objects and deformation of fittings were calculated. Further analysis and discussion focused on the causes of water leakage and its impact on the facilities. At the same time, the number of caretakers at the end of the monitoring period in the Phase I facility without automated watering system and the Phase II facility with automated watering system were counted. Finally the difference in the number of cages per capita under the two watering systems was calculated.ResultsA total of 52 water leakage incidents occurred in both areas during the monitoring period, with a total daily leakage rate of 0.000 13%. Among them, 31 were caused by personnel mishandling, accounting for approximately 60% of total leakages. Enhanced training, supervision, inspection, and effective reminder measures could reduce leakage caused by personnel mishandling. There were 2 cases of water leakages caused by animal behavior, 0 leakage due to obstruction by foreign objects, and 19 leakages due to system quality issues, with a daily leakage rate of 0.000 07%. According to the operation data of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, the average number of cages managed per person in facilities equipped with the automated watering system was 908, compared to 570 cages in facilities without the automated watering system. This represents an approximate 59% increase in the number of cages managed per person with the adoption of the automated watering system.Conclusion The daily leakage rate of the automated watering system in the Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center is significantly lower than the theoretical design rate of 0.003%, which demonstrates the system's safety and effectiveness. Additionally, the adoption of an automated watering system can significantly enhance caretaking efficiency. While initial investments in the system are required, the subsequent increase in efficiency leads to a continuous decrease in labor costs, thereby reducing the total operational expenses of the facility. In the context of modernizing animal facility construction, automated watering systems are becoming an essential consideration in facility design and operation.