Objective To study the effects of metallothionein(MT) egg-milk power on excluding lead in vivo in saturnic rats.Methods A total of 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control(n=20),black control(n=10) and lead-treated groups(n=30).After the rats in lead-treated group were treated with 0.2% lead acetate daily for three weeks,they were randomly divided into two groups: lead-treated group(n=10) and MT egg-milk power treated group(n=20).The rats in the last group were treated with MT egg-milk power for three weeks.At the end of the experiment,samples of whole blood,liver,kidney,brain,femur,faeces and urine were collected for lead detection by atomic absorption spectroscopy.Results As compared with controls,the lead content of samples were significantly elevated in lead-treated rats(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of different optional time leading to complication and prognosis by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Search all of clinical randomized trials on early and delay laparoscopic cholecystectomy in CNKI database.The RevMan 5.0 software was used to conduct the Meta-analysis,which was carried out by collecting information based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from all trails' information available,and the pubhcation bias analysis and the susceptivity analysis was also evaluated to make sure the results stable.Results There was significant statistical difference in conversion,surgery time,complication and postoperative hospitahzation time between the ＜ 72 h group and ＞ 72 h group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Meta-analysis shows that in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy progress,the surgical outcome is best with 72h,which can short the surgery and postoperative hospitalization time,reduce the complication and decline the conversion.

The dialysis method was employed to prepare blank and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded micelles formed by temperature- and pH- sensitive polyhistidine-co-polyDL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyethyleneglycol-co-polyDL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyhistidine (PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis). The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the copolymers were measured with Pyrene Fluorescent Probe Technique. The temperature- and pH- sensitive properties of the blank micelles solution were investigated by optical transmittance measurement. The morphology and diameter of DOX micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were determined with dialysis method. The in vitro release study was further performed to examine the temperature- and pH-responsive drug release behavior from DOX-loaded micelles. The results indicated that the CMC, entrapment efficiency and drug-loaded amount of the micelles were 7.5 x 10(-3) g x L(-1), 85.2 +/- 3.1% and 10.4 +/- 4.5%, respectively. The DOX micelle was globular-shaped with a mean diameter of 91.1 +/- 15.8 nm. The transmittance of micelle solution consistently increased with the increasing temperature or decreasing pH. In comparison to the drug release profile at physiological conditions (37 degrees C, pH 7.4), the DOX-loaded micelles showed faster drug release rate at higher temperature (41 degrees C), lower pH (pH 7.0, pH 6.5, pH 5.0) or higher temperature and lower pH (41 degrees C, pH 5.0). This indicated that the micelles showed a temperature and pH-triggered drug release pattern. Base on the above results, it can be concluded that PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis block copolymer micelles which respond to temperature and pH stimuli are promising smart carriers for anti-tumor drugs with the advantages of temperature- and pH- triggered drug release.

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to high performance separate and prepare lignans from Schisandrae chinensis fructus. The solvent system is composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (9 : 1 : 5 : 5) and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (9 : 1 : 9 : 5), speed is at 900 r.min-1, and flow rate is at 2.0 mL.min-1. Five fractions from Schisandrae chinensis fructus extract were separated and prepared with one HSCCC process. They were identified as schisandrin, gomisin J, schisandrol B, schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin by electrospray ionization-multiple tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn), respectively. Their contents were obtained in 98.74%, 94.32%, 99.53%, 94.23% and 98.68% by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), separately. The rapid and simple method can be applied for the preparation of lignans from Schisandrae chinensis fructus.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:Irrational medication orders eval-uated by the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University during Oct. 2014 to Sep. 2015 were arrangemented,summarized and analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 515 inpatient medical records were reviewed and analyzed,among which there were 165 unrea-sonable medical records and 185 irrational medication orders. Irrational medical records of general surgery department were the most(38 items,accounting for 23.03%). Irrational drug use mainly included irrational usage and dosage(80.00%),drug use with-out indications or not suit indications (7.57%),inappropriate solvent selection (4.86%). Including 66.22% of single overdose, 18.92% of longer medication duration. CONCLUSIONS:There are many irrational medical orders which should be standardized in our hospital,especially overdose and longer medication duration,which increase financial burden of patient. Pharmacists should strengthen communication with clinicians,and hold rational drug use trainings regularly base on the types of the irrationality. These can help to improve rational drug use and guarantee the safety of drug use.

Objective To study the effects of MT egg-milk powder on the contents of lead,zinc,iron and copper in brain and femur of lead poisoning rats. Methods 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups(n=10): normal control group, lead poisoning group and lead poisoning rats treated with MT egg-milk powder group. After treated with 0.2% lead acetate daily for three weeks, the rats were fed with 500 g?L~ -1 MT egg-milk powder for three weeks. At the end of the experiment,samples of brain and femur were collected for trace elements detection by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentration of hemoglobin was determined by haemiglobincyanide method. Results Compared with the control, the contents of zinc and hemoglobin in brain and femur were significantly decreased (P

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of shenduqing Granules on chronic renal insufficiency in rats. Methods: The rat model of chronic renal insufficiency was made by feeding 0.75% adenine forage. The blood biochemical indexes, ion concentration in serum of rat was measured and the pathological changes of rat kidney were observed. Results: Shenduqing Granules obviously increased thymus index (TI). The weight of rat kidney in the treatment group was lighter than that of the model group. The kidney histomorphological study showed that Shenduqing Granules obvionsly reduce the pathological changes. The drug crystals were also reduced. Conclusion: Shenduqing Granules has the potential protection against chronic renal insufficiency in rats.

Objective To explore the best mode of diabetic dietary education in the nursing specialist outpatient service,which is suit for China's national situation.Methods A total of 100 diabetic patients consulting diabetes diet in the nursing specialist outpatient service were divided into observation group and control group with 50 cases each by random digits table method.The routine sermonic education mode was used in control group,while the error-correction education mode was used in observation group.The question-real-time evaluation was performed at the end of the education and a follow-up evaluation after 6 months of intervention was evaluated.Results Grasp of the knowledge of diabetes diet in observation group immediately after education and 6 months after education were better than those in control group,t=3.07,3.06,P＜0.01.In the follow-up evaluation after 6 months of intervention,fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were (6.84±0.79) mmol/L,(6.83±0.36) ％ in observation group and (7.56±0.93) mmol/L,(7.67±0.87) ％ in control group.The indices in observation group were significantly better than those in control group,t=-4.17,-6.32,P＜0.01.Conclusions Using the error-correction education mode can correct the false dietary behavior of patients and improve the effect of the diabetic dietary education more effectively.

Objective To investigate and compare the clinical thinking ability of medical graduate students of different majors and different grades to explore the influencing factors of clinical thinking ability. Methods 180 graduate students in Medical College of Qingdao University were sur-veyed,including 54 nursing and 126 clinical medicine graduates of different grades. We used a self-designed scale of clinical thinking ability which included three main dimensions (critical thinking abil-ity, systematic thinking ability, evidence-based thinking ability) and twenty-four level 2 items. Ap-plying t test, ANOVA, multiple linear regression analysis for data statistical analysis. Results There's no significant difference comparing the scores of nursing graduates to the scores of clinical medical graduates(t=-0.80, P>0.05). However, there is significant difference in the different grade graduates (F=53.43, P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the practice time, reading professional literature quantity, and starting research earlier or later,are signif-icantly related to the clinical thinking ability(P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical thinking level of medical graduate students is generally high, and the higher grade, the higher level of clinical think-ing ability. We must strength-en the training of clinical thinking ability of medical graduates.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of ginsenoside compound K (CK) on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mellitus mice and the potential molecular mechanism.Methods A total of 36 mice were randomly divided into normal group,diabetic mellitus group,CK treatment groups (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight),dimethyldiguanide group and p38MAPK pathway agonist P79350 group,with 6 mice in each group.Diabetic mice were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin combined with high-fat diet,and CK with different doses was administrated by gastric lavage for consecutive 8 weeks.The levels of fasting blood-glucose,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein (HDL C),fasting serum insulin were measured,and the insulin sensitive index (ISI) was calculated in different treatment groups.Glucose tolerance was detected by oral glucose tolerance test.The protein levels of ASK1,p-ASK1 and p38,p-p38,was detected by Western blot.The mRNA expression of apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The fasting blood-glucose,TG,TC,HDL C,fasting serum insulin and ISI were (28.31 ± 3.40),(1.90 ± 0.28),(5.00 ± 0.72),(0.50 ± 0.08),(9.01 ± 1.70) mmol/L and-6.42 ± 0.76 in diabetic mice,respectively.The corresponding values were (12.02± 1.81),(0.97 ±0.09),(2.90 ±0.49),(0.91 ±0.08),(15.12 ± 1.93)mmol/L and-4.33 ± 0.46 in 200 mg/kg CK treatment diabetic mice,and were (12.87 ± 2.61),(1.09 ± 0.11),(3.08 ± 0.27),(0.87 ±0.08),(14.97 ± 1.27) mmol/L and-4.42 ± 0.35 in dimethyldiguanide group.All of the fasting blood-glucose,TG and TC in CK treatment groups were significantly lower than those of diabetic mellitus group (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01),but the fasting serum insulin and ISI in CK treatment groups were significantly higher than that of diabetic mellitus group (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).There were no significant difference between 200 mg/kg CK treatment group and dimethyldiguanide group.The mRNA levels of ASK1 in normal group,diabetic mellitus group and 200 mg/kg CK treatment group were 1.00 ± 0.07,2.52 ± 0.14 and 1.25 ± 0.08,respectively.The mRNA levels of ASK1 in diabetic mellitus group and 200 mg/kg CK treatment group were significantly up-regulated than that of normal group (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between 200 mg/kg CK treatment group and diabetic mellitus group in the mRNA levels of ASK1.There was no significant difference in the protein expression levels of ASK1 and p38 among normal group,diabetic mellitus group and 200 mg/kg CK treatment group,but the protein expression levels of p-ASK1 and p-p38 were significant higher in diabetic mellitus group than that in normal group (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01),and were significant lower in 200 mg/kg CK treatment group than that in diabetic mellitus group (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01),and were no significant difference between 200 mg/kg CK treatment group and normal group.Conclusions Ginsenoside CK effectively attenuates diabetic mellitus in mouse model,possibly by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ASK1-p38MAPK signaling pathway.