OBJECTIVE To investigate the tinnitus' prevalence in Healthy check-up population in Dalian City. METHODS 1748 cases (male 806, female 942) were chosen from the Physical Examination Center of our hospital from February 1st, 2015 to April 1st, 2015, the tinnitus questionnaire was performed. For the cases with the tinnitus symptoms, the characteristics of tinnitus were further inquired, including the course of tinnitus, seizure frequency, the duration of tinnitus, pulsatile or persistent, unilateral or bilateral. RESULTS The total prevalence of tinnitus is 32.4%(566/1748), the prevalence of persistent tinnitus is 18.3%(320/1748), and the transient tinnitus is 14.1%(246/1748); The prevalence of tinnitus in female are 36.4%(343/942), 20.0%(188/942) and 16.5%(155/942) in turn, which are higher than that of the male 27.7%(223/806), P<0.01; 16.4%(132/806), P =0.054, and 11.3%(91/806), P<0.01. Both the total and persistent tinnitus prevalence increase with age(P<0.01), but the transient tinnitus doesn't increase with age. The prevalence of objective and subjective tinnitus are 1.3%(6.9% out of total prevalence of tinnitus), and 17.0%(93.1% out of total prevalence of tinnitus), respectively. The rate of bilateral tinnitus is 78.1% out of total tinnitus, and rate of unilateral tinnitus is 21.9%(right 11.6%, left 10.3%). In addition, the rates of acute tinnitus, subacute tinnitus, and chronic tinnitus are 4.4%, 3.8%, and 91.9% out of total, respectively. Otherwise, the rates of sleep disorders and hearing loss complaining accounted for 31.9% and 14.1% respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of tinnitus is high in healthy check-up population of Dalian, the total prevalence of tinnitus is 32.4%, mainly bilateral,chronic and subjective.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effect of salidroside in MCAO rats. Methods The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion with suture-occluded method, and the neurologic injury and infarct size of rats were evaluated. According to the gene chip detected, the protein expressions of caspase-3 , cleaved caspase-3 were determined and the mRNA expressions of IL-6, Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, Hbb, CD44, Pnpla2, Slc6a5 and Slc5a7 were tested. Re-sults Compared with MCAO group, salidroside signif-icantly improved the neurological deficit, reduced the infarct sizes, inhibited the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 protein and IL-6 mRNA, promoted the ex-pressions of Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, Hbb, and reduced the expressions of CD44 , Pnpla2 , Slc6 a5 and Slc5 a7 . Conclusions Salidroside can reduce the neurological deficit and infarct size, and protect rats against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be ac-complished by increasing the expressions of Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, and Hbb, and decreasing the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 , IL-6 , CD44 , Pnpla2 , Slc6 a5 and Slc5 a7 .

Aim To investigate the effect of Salidroside on the focal celebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and its underlying mechanism. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 260-300 g, were ran-domly divided into three groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO+salidroside ( Sal ) groups. The rats were sub-jected to local celebral ischemia reperfusion with su-
ture-occluded method. The rats of MCAO +Sal group were treated intraperitoneally with salidroside ( 50 mg ·kg-1 ) for 6 days. Neurological deficit testing was performed with Longa’ s Scale. The mRNA expressions of Neun,Nogo-A,and NgR were detected by RT-qPCR in ischemic brain. The protein expressions of Neun, NGF , BDNF , Nogo-A and NgR were determined by
Western blot. Results Compared with MCAO group, salidroside significantly improved the neurological defi-cit,promoted the expressions of Bcl-2,Neun,NGF,BD-NF, and inhibited the expressions of Nogo-A, NgR. Conclusion Salidroside can reduce neurological defi-cit, increase the number of Nissl’ s Body and the ex-pression of Neun, and protect rats against focal cele-
bral ischemia/reperfusion injury,which may be accom-plished by increasing the expressions of Bcl-2, NGF, BDNF, and inhibiting the expressions of Nogo-A, NgR.

Aim To investigate glucose uptake effects and mechanism of emodin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods LPS-induced differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipo-cytes were divided into control group and emodin ( 1 , 10, 50 μmol · L-1 ) groups. Then, 6-NBDG uptake and the expression of cell surface GLUT4 , PPARγ, AMPKα1/2 , p-AMPKα1/2 , IRS-1 , p-IRS-1 , Adi-ponectin, chREBP-α and chREBP-β were detected. The ability of 6-NBDG uptake in LPS-induced 3 T3-L1 adipocytes was also evaluated following interference with AMPK inhibitor and PPARγinhibitor, respective-ly. Meanwhile, STZ-induced diabetic rats were ran-domly divided into control group and emodin treatment group. The mRNA expression of Adiponectin and pro-tein expression of cell surface GLUT4 , AMPKα1/2 , p-AMPKα1/2 were measured. Results Compared with the control group, emodin improved the mRNA expres-sion of cell surface GLUT4, Adiponectin, chREBP-αand chREBP-β, and protein expression of cell surface GLUT4 , PPARγ, IRS-1 , p-IRS-1 , AMPKα1/2 and p-AMPKα1/2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes(P<0. 05). Emodin enhanced 6-NBDG uptake and the uptake of emodin group was both decreased following interference with AMPK inhibitor and PPARγ inhibitor, respectively ( P<0. 05 ) . Emodin also increased the mRNA expression of Adiponectin and protein expression of cell surface GLUT4 , AMPKα1/2 and p-AMPKα1/2 in adipose tis-sue of T2 DM rats ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion Emodin can enhance glucose uptake in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and the mechanism is probably associated with activating Adiponectin and IRS-1 , thereby activating AMPK and PPARγ.

Objective\ To study the influence of long-term quality of life in MHD patient after their family numbers have received home-nursing education Methods 49 cases of MHD were divided into two groups randomly: the observe groups(n=24),and the control groups(n=25).Both groups were received routing treatment with health education,while the family members of observation groups were also guided with home-nursing education.After one and five years′ treatment,the index of quality of life were compared with SF-36 respectively. Results The quality of life in observation groups was significant higher than that of control group(after one year P

The data on nosocomial infection of 4060 patients who were stayed in intensive care unit (ICU) more than 48 h from January 1997 to August 2008 were reviewed.From Jan 2004 the target monitoring of hospital-acquired infection was implemented in ICU.The nosocomial infection rates before and after target monitoring were 35.25% (871/2471) and 30.77% (489/1589) respectively (P ＜ 0.01);however there was no significant difference in case infection rate before and after target monitor were practiced (47.67% vs.45.25%,χ~2 = 2.2836,P ＞0.05).The incidence of Acinetobacter infection was increased after target monitoring.Targeted monitoring can decrease the nosocomial infection rate in ICU,and also reduce the cost of medical care.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the postoperative morbility of deep fungal infections and the source and composition of the pathogenic fungi.METHODS Clinical data of 816 patients with post-operative deep fungal infections from Jul 2006 to Jun 2008 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The detectable rate of post-operative deep fungal infections was 24.82%,among which Candida albicans was the most common(65.69%),followed by C.tropicalis(10.57%);the rate of broad-spectrum antibiotic application in peri-operation was 96.45%;the infection site in the descending order was cardio-thorax,gastrointestinal tract,urinary tract,female reproductive system,blood and skeleton.CONCLUSIONS Operative trauma is an important factor that causes deep fungal infections in hospital,and is closely related to broad-spectrum antibiotic application.Positive prevention,timely diagnosis and effective treatment should be highly emphasized when dealing with post-operative deep fungal infections.

Objective To investigate the value ofsomatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in early diagnosis of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Methods The median nerve SEP (SEPm) was examined in 65 cases of CSR (experimental group), and was compared with 30 controls(control group). All the patients were examined by MRI of the cervical spine which were compared with SEPm. All cases were followed up 12 months, at the same time MRI and SEPm were examined repeatedly. Results The experimental group with CSR had significantly prolonged peak latency (PL) of N11 and N13 wave and interpeak latency(IPL) of wave N9-NI3 within 3 months [( 12.92 ± 0.97), (14.81 ± 1.16), (4.45 ±0.65)ms] and at the 12th month [( 14.20 ± 1.06), ( 16.35 ± 1.75), (5.62 ± 0.88) ms] compared with those of control group[(11.65 ± 0.69), (13.26 ± 0.78), (3.56 ± 0.31 ) ms](P＜ 0.05). The PL of Nll and N13 wave and IPL of wave N9-N13 significantly prolonged at the 12th month compared with those within 3 months.SEPm provided more sensitive modality for the diagnosis[87.69%(57/65 )] of CSR within 3 months than that of MRI [70.77% (46/65)] ( X2 =4.35,P ＜0.05). While there was no significant difference in sensitive between SEPm [90.77%(59/65)] and MRI [81.54%(53/65)] at the 12th month (X2= 1.56,P＞0.05).Conclusion SEP is valuable for the early diagnosis of CSR and may be clinically utilized as a sensitive indicator of CSR.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane delayed preconditioning on caspase recruitment domain (ARC) expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation (group S); myocardial I/R group; sevoflurane + sham operation group (group S-S) and sevoflurane delayed preconditioning + myocardial I/R group (group S-I/R) . Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion in groups I/R and S-I/R. Group S-S inhaled 33% oxygen for 2 h, and sham operation was performed 24 h later. Group S-I/R inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 h, and then myocardial I/R was induced 24 h later. Eight animals were sacrificed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group and the hearts removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (IS/AAR) . Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index was calculated. Another 4 animals were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion to determine the expression of ARC and Caspase-8 in myocardium by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly increased in groups I/R and S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in groups S-S and S-I/R, and Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group I/R, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in group S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated, while Caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in groups S-S and S-I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion Sevoflurane delayed preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury through up-regulating the ARC expression and decreasing the myocardial apoptosis.