The article summarized recent studies on the composition and activity analysis,as well as the clinical application and mechanism of citrus aurantium and its prescriptions,in an attempt to provide theoretical evidence for the clinical application of citrus aurantium on improving gastrointestinal motility.

Cytokeratins can maintain the morphous and function of normal cells. Clinically, cytokera-tins are used to diagnose several tumors as tumor markers. Recently, numerous studies indicate that the abnor-mal expression, mutation in the site of phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation have relationship with the mechnism of tumorigenesis. Reseach of the relationship is important for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of tumor.

New nano-fluorescent quantum dots (QD) have excellent optical properties, enabling them widely used in clinical cancer research. When combined with a variety of ligands, quantum dots have been successfully used for early detection of primary tumor, angiogenesis and metastasis, all of which have opened up a new frontier in early diagnosis of cancer.

Objective To study the reLationship between blood group antibody IgG titer of pregnant women and ABe hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN).Methods Blood group antibody IgG titem of 2700 pregnant women who is O and Rh positive with a non-O husband were detected.After bom,blood groups,Coomb's test,free antibody and antibody release test were done for those 280 babies who were in high risk of HDN.so that we could understand the relationship between the anlibody IgG level of pregnant women and ABO-HDN.Results The percent of anti-A (B)IgG titer＜64,64,128,256 and≥512 in the 2700 O type pregnant women was 62.4%,16.8%,12.6%,5.8%and 2.4%,respectively.There were 67 babies suffered from HDN in those 280 bahies who had high risk.which accounted for 23.9%.With the anti-A (B)IgG liter was 64,128,256 and≥512,the percent of HND positive was 10.2%,27.8%,45.7% and 50.0%,respectively (P＜0.01).Conclusion There is a positive relationship between blood group antibody IgG liter of pregnant women and ABO-HDN.It is necessary for the pregnant women to detect the level of anti-A(B)IgG.

Objective To explore the effect of air impact method clearing out the subballonet secretion on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) for ventilation patients.Methods 108 cases from ICU who received mechanical ventilation were selected.Patients were divided into the observation group and control group according to odd and even numbers,54 cases in each group.The control group was received conventional airway management,and the observation group received air impact method on the basis of conventional management Results of blood gas analysis,vital signs,occurrence time of VAP,total incidence of VAP,mortality,OB,positive results during mechanical ventilation were observed.Results Occurrence time of VAP for observation group and control group respectively were (14.1 ± 5.2) d and (8.9 ± 3.8) d.VAP incidence in 1 week for observation group and control group respectively were 7.4% (4/54) and 27.8% (15/54).Test positive result of secretion OB for observation group and control group respectively were 16.7% (9/54) and 3.7% (2/54).Total Incidence of VAP for observation group and control group respectively were 33.3% and 37.0%.Differences of occurrence time of VAP,VAP incidence in 1 week and test positive result of secretion OB for two groups were statistically significant (t =5.933,x2 =7.728,4.960,all P ＜ 0.05).Differences of results of blood gas analysis,vital signs,total incidence of VAP,mortality for two groups had not statistically significant.Conclusion Air impact method cleating out the subballonet secretion is simple and safe.Occurrence time of VAP was delayed.Incidence of VAP in one week decreases.,which creates opportunity for rescuing patients.

Objective To evaluate the application of serum procalcitonin(PCT)eetection in patients with severe infection. Methods Seventy-six infectee patients in respiratory intensive care unit(RICU)of the First People′s Hospital of Shangqiu were selectee as our subjects. Patients were eivieee into A group(28 cases of general bacterial infection),B group(36 cases of severe bacterial infection ),C group(12 cases of viral infection). Serum PCT was eetectee at the 1st,3re,5th,7th,9th eays after hospitalization. Results PCT concentration in A,B,C groups were((2. 7 ± 0. 8),(18. 9 ± 5),(0. 6 ± 0. 2))μg/ L respectively,ane there was significant eifference between 3 groups(F = 213. 73,P = 0. 000). The PCT level in B group was higher than of A group,ane PCT in A group was higher than in C group( all P < 0. 05). In B group,PCT concentration at 1st,3re,5th,7th,9th eays after treatment were((18. 9 ± 5),(18. 3 ± 5. 7),(16. 4 ± 5. 5), (12. 2 ± 4. 1),(8. 5 ± 2. 8),(6 ± 2. 1))μg/ L. In A group,PCT concentration at before treatment,1st,3re,5th, 7th,9th eays after treatment were((2. 7 ± 0. 8),(2. 6 ± 0. 7),(2. 3 ± 0. 8),(1. 7 ± 0. 6),(1. 3 ± 0. 5),(0. 9 ± 0. 3))μg/ L respectively. There were significant eifferent between two groups(F between group = 626. 07,F inner group = 75. 21,F interaction = 43. 36,P < 0. 01). After 5 eay antibiotic treatment in two group,PCT concentration at post-treatment were significantly eecreasee comparee with pre-treatment( P < 0. 01). Conclusion The eetection of serum PCT is valuable for eiagnosis ane evaluation of the eegree of clinical bacterial infection. PCT monitor can be usee to evaluate the therapeutic effect,ane assist the clinician to juege the prognosis.

Objective To study the clinical application value of detection of IgA content in blood recipients before transfusion .Methods 300 blood recipients were selected as the research subjects ,and the content of IgA was detected before blood transfusion .Results Through the analysis of 300 blood recipients,IgA content of 5 cases was lower than the normal reference value ,the incidence rate of IgA deficiency or low was 1.7%;the IgA content of other 295 cases was in the normal reference value ,the normal rate of IgA was 98.3%.5 blood recipients with IgA deficiency or low were associated with hypersensitivity reactions ,the incidence rate was 100%.Of 295 cases with normal content of IgA,2 cases associated with hypersensitivity reactions ,the incidence rate was 0.7%,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 =7.45,P<0.05).Conclusion Determination of IgA content in blood recipi-ents before blood transfusion can effectively guide the correct transfusion ,reduce and prevent the occurrence of hyper-sensitivity reactions of transfusion ,improve the safety of blood transfusion ,which has important application value in clinical practice .

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and application value of the irregular antibody test before transfusion.Methods The irregular antibody test was conducted in 2 500 patients before blood transfusion.Results Through the analysis of irregular antibody examination of 2 500 patients with blood transfusion,15 cases appeared irregular antibodies in the serum,the positive rate was 0.60％.The positive rate of male irregular antibody was 0.12％ (3/2 500),the positive rate of female irregular antibody was 0.48％ (12/2 500).The positive rate of female irregular antibody was significantly higher than that of male irregular antibody (x2 =7.34,P ＜ 0.05) ; The irregular antibodies were mainly anti C,anti D,anti E and anti M type and non-specific antibody,the proportions were 13.3％,26.7％,20.0％,33.3％,6.7％.The incidence rate of blood transfusion hypersensitivity reactions in irregular antibody positive donor was 100.0％,that in irregular antibody negative patients was 0.0％,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =9.28,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Irregular antibody test in patients before blood transfusion can effectively guide the patients to correct blood transfusion,and can effectively prevent and reduce blood transfusion hypersensitivity,improve the safety in the process of blood transfusion.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the material features and biocompartibility of stent implantation in treating intrahepatic biliary stricture under ultrasonic guidance.METHODS:The Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Medline were retrieved by the first author using search terms of "intrahepatic biliary stricture,stent,ultrasonic guidance,and biocompartibility" both in Chinese and English.Meta analysis,unrelated papers-er repetitive studies were excluded.After that,21 documents concerning the material features and biocompartibility of stent implantation in treating intrahepatic biliary stricture under ultrasonic guidance were analyzed.RESULTS:Compared with the Previousl surgery,stent implantation exhibited advantages such as small trauma,better curative effect,able to improve life quality and prolong life.Ultrasonic guidance has shown its clinical values during stent implantation because of accurate location,few traumas,low complication and cheap cost.The metal stents were preferred in treating lower ureteral obstruction,which is superior to plastic stents in preventing bacteria,maintaining stent patency and reducing complications.However,due to easy change and cheap cost,the plastic stents are widely used in treating intrahepatic biliary stricture,especially for patients within 3-month survival times.CONCLUSION:Materials of the stents play a key role in influencing the short-and long-term effectiveness in treating intrahepatic biiiary stricture.Accordingly,the suitable stents should be selected prior to implantation according to the sites,degree,type of obstruction,physical state,expected survival time,economical ability,as well as the prognosis to reach the goals of relieving pain and prolonging life.

In recent years,premature nutritional problems is newborn pediatric paramount concenrn problem.For three material(glucose,protein and fat)metabolism and utilization.premature infants has its own characteristics.In order to avoid side effect,classic parenteral nutrition plan provide for fat emulsion and amino acid gradually,but make premature infants in poor nutrition state.Recent clinical studies have shown that early nutrition is particularly important.Premature infants bom in 24 hours has been given full amount vein nutrition could provide good basis of energy.and avoid associated complications.