Ex-PRESS miniature implantation is a new alternative of anti-glaucoma surgeries due to its advantages,such as simpler operation,similar efficacy to trabeculectomy and less complications.Could Ex-PRESS miniature implantation replace the trabeculectomy? Studies showed that Ex-PRESS implantation has more significant advantages to those patients with high risk for trabeculectomy but dose not has dominant benefits to those prone to failure of trabeculectomy from bleb scarring.The Ex-PRESS implantation requires a relative wide angle so as to have enough space to avoid the device accessing to corneal endothelium,iris or lens.So it is unsuitable for angle-closure glaucoma with higher incidence in China.In addition,the cost-effect for Ex-PRESS implantation should also be fully considered when this method could be put into practice in the near future in China.Ex-PRESS implantation seems to be unable to displace trabeculectomy.The merits and demerits for Chinese patients still need to verify by Chinese own evidence-based studies.

The paper discusses three questions sucw as follmings: (1)the lash of market e-conomy to medical moral consciousness;(2)reasons to develop the new medical moral consciousness and behaviors;(3)reason analysis of bad medical moral consciousness and behaviors, under market economy.

The heterogeneity of serum human growth hormone (hGH) in 6 normal subjects and 17 acromegalic patients before and after treatment has been studied. The results showed that "little hGH" was 34.4?10.2% and 69.8 ?13.9% of total hGH in normal subjects and in acro-megalies respectively, and that the percentage of little hGH in acromegalies increased significantly (p

BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cells are obtained from somatic cells by reprogramming method. The safety of induced pluripotent stem cells has attracted much attention because of their huge and potential value in clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To review the current studies addressing the safety and clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells. METHODS: The PubMed database between 2006 and 2012 was retrieved by the first author to search the correlative documents concerning the safety and clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells. Total y 203 papers were primarily gotten. Final y, 47 papers were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the main methods to enhance the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells include avoiding usage of c-Myc gene, another mediate way replacing the retrovirus, direct leading of reprogramming factor protein, safer donor cells, micromolecule compound and other in-transgenosis ways. Induced pluripotent stem cells have extensive clinic treatment prospects, and can be used for the build of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells line.

Objective　To observe the relationship among the degree of maturation of development of ovarian follicle and endometrial thickness and resistance index of uterine helicine arteries.Methods　Fifty six cases of normal menstrual cycle were studied by transvaginal color Doppler flow imaging.Results　Diameter of ovarian follicle increased and moved to the surface of ovary before ovulation,endometrium thickened and resistance index of uterine helicine arteries decreased.Conclusions　Observation of the development of ovarian follicle by transvaginal color Doppler flow imaging is helpful to improve regnancy rate.

Background Intracranial vascular malformation causes different neurophthalmological symptoms and signs due to oppressing visual-related tissue and cranial nerves after hemorrhage.However,there is no availably systematic clinical research on this disease up to now.Objective This retrospective cases analysis was to explore the neurophthalmological features of intracranial vascular malformation.Methods The clinical datas were collected from 100 cases with intracranial vascular malformation in Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June,2007 to June,2013.The neurophthalmological clinical features including general condition,initial symptom,concomitant symptoms and image results were retrospectively surveyed.Results Neurophthalmological symptoms and signs were found in 20 patients with intracranial vascular malformation by CT and MRI with the detectability 20％ (20/100).The main neurophthalmological symptoms were visual field defect (50％,10/20) and vision loss (45％,9/20).The neurophthalmological signs were pupil abnormalities (35％,7/20).Other neurophthalmological features included optic nerve atrophy (5 ％,1/20),papilloedema (5 ％,1/20) and oculomotor nerve palsy (5 ％,1/20),etc.The relevant cranial diseases included cerebral arteriovenous malformation in 60％ patients (12/20),cavernous angiomas in 35％ (7/20) and venous malformation with cavernous angiomas (1/20).The lesions of cerebral arteriovenous malformation were located in occipital lobe (4 cases),parietal-occipital area (3 cases),temporal lobe (3 cases) and frontal lobe (1 case),midbrain area (1 case) ; while those of cavernous angiomas were located in parietal lobe (1 case),occipital lobe (1 case),gyrus cingulated area occipital lobe (1 case),carvenous sinus (1 case),temporal lobe (1 case),parietal-temporal area (1 case) and pons area (1 case).Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 14 patients in subarachnoid space (6 cases) and brain (8 cases).Conclusions The patients with intracranial vascular malformation have different neurophthalmological symptoms and signs.Sufficient attention should be paid to the patients with neurophthalmological symptoms and signs.

Background The research field of optic neuritis has developed rapidly and become more complex in recent years.It is very important for the reseachers and clinicians to known its status and the future trend.Objective This survey was to learn the distribution pattern,subject domain knowledge and worldwide research tendency of optic neuritis based on literatures in PubMed database.Methods Literatures on optic neuritis published in January 2000 to July 2012 were identified in PubMed database.The analytic dimention of an article included journal,published year,author,country and language.After core Mesh terms had been characterised by bibliographic item co-occurrence mining system (BICOMS),the co-occurrence matrix was built.Cluster analysis and multiple diamensional analysis were finished by SPSS 17.0.Then visualized network was drawn using ucinet 6.0.Results Totally 2 191 literatures were included,the number of articles increased from 105 in 2000 to 282 in 2011.The United States,England,Germany,Netherlands and Japan together accounted for 73.71％ of articles.There were 52 high-frequency subjects and hot topics were clustered into 9 categories.The visualized domain knowledge map was successfully built.The immunologic research was fully developed.The topic on etiology and diagnostic research,pathologic research,physiologic research and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) research had become core domain,while the studies of medication therapy,non-central nervous system idiopathetic demyelinating optic neuritis,epidemiology and genetics were not developed well.Conclusions Global optic neuritis publications display a continuous growth in the new millennium.The Big 5 in scientific literature on optic neuritis are the United States,England,Germany,Netherlands and Japan.The international main research focus includes 9 fields,which may provide reference or scholars both in scientific research and clinical research.

Objective To find out a scientific,practical,standard method suitable for comprehensive assessment on environmental quality of public places in China Methods The data on the indoor temperature,the concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide,the total count of bacteria and illumination collected from 6 hotels of Taiyuan and 7 hotels of Tangshan were comprehensively assessed by using YAO Zhi qi index,Nemerow Index,Equal Quality Demotion Method and Osculation Value Method respectively.The identity and difference of this assessment results obtained by four methods were compared and analyzed at last Results This assessment results of four methods revealed better identity ( r s=0 600~0.971,P

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can depict mild papilledema and slight changes in the internal segment and external segment; measure thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer,retinal thickness and macular volume; detect missing axons and damage to the macular ganglion cell complex.Thus,OCT has important application values and widespread prospects in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of glaucoma and non-glaucoma optic neuropathy,optic nerve diseases and macular diseases,outer and inner retinopathy as well as evaluation of curative effects,follow-up observation,prognosis and mechanisms in neuroophthalmological diseases.Neuro-ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the exploration and application of OCT in the field of neuro-ophthalmology.

Objective To discuss the status of cesarean section in Shao Xing area, to investigate the indications of cesarean section rate and to study the possibility and feasibility for decreasing it. Methods All pregnant women and obstetricians of seven hospitals were asked to answer a designed questionaire, then the indications of cesarean section were appraised by the experts. Results The average cesarean section rate was 46.1%, the indications for cesarean section were as followed: cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal distress, social factors, proper indications for cesarean section were 74.0%. Conclusions The cesarean section rate can be decreased to 30% and less with the current standard of practice.