It is one of the problems to be thought over on how to improve students' employment ability and to solve the difficulties of employment in the course of higher education and teaching. It is a contradiction between the medicos's difficulty of employment and the demand of medicos from old people support industry. Based on employment of students, it is a feasible approach for education of rehabilitation major to meet the demand of old people support industry.

Background The research field of optic neuritis has developed rapidly and become more complex in recent years.It is very important for the reseachers and clinicians to known its status and the future trend.Objective This survey was to learn the distribution pattern,subject domain knowledge and worldwide research tendency of optic neuritis based on literatures in PubMed database.Methods Literatures on optic neuritis published in January 2000 to July 2012 were identified in PubMed database.The analytic dimention of an article included journal,published year,author,country and language.After core Mesh terms had been characterised by bibliographic item co-occurrence mining system (BICOMS),the co-occurrence matrix was built.Cluster analysis and multiple diamensional analysis were finished by SPSS 17.0.Then visualized network was drawn using ucinet 6.0.Results Totally 2 191 literatures were included,the number of articles increased from 105 in 2000 to 282 in 2011.The United States,England,Germany,Netherlands and Japan together accounted for 73.71％ of articles.There were 52 high-frequency subjects and hot topics were clustered into 9 categories.The visualized domain knowledge map was successfully built.The immunologic research was fully developed.The topic on etiology and diagnostic research,pathologic research,physiologic research and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) research had become core domain,while the studies of medication therapy,non-central nervous system idiopathetic demyelinating optic neuritis,epidemiology and genetics were not developed well.Conclusions Global optic neuritis publications display a continuous growth in the new millennium.The Big 5 in scientific literature on optic neuritis are the United States,England,Germany,Netherlands and Japan.The international main research focus includes 9 fields,which may provide reference or scholars both in scientific research and clinical research.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, a ligand-gated ion c hannels,mediates many important physiological processes. Chronic nicotine admini stration could desensitize nicotinic receptors. Many factors which modulate dese nsitization have been described, including different subunits, agonist, signal t ransduction and cellular microenivornment. The important physiological functions of desensitized receptors still remain controversial, may be modulate synaptic transmission,synapse plasticity and mediate self-protection.

Objective To investigate the students' perception and effectiveness of the flipped class model in bilingual education in special population nutrition class.Method Two classes of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were exposed to either the flipped class model or the traditional class model.In the flipped class model,the students were provided a wealth of teaching resources such as short videos before class.In addition,a series of pedagogical approaches were used to develop the students' cognitive ability.The questionnaire survey and class quiz were employed to evaluate the students' perception and effectiveness of the flipped class model.Results The students in the experimental group have significant higher scores in professional vocabulary section [(23.10 ± 0.71) vs.(21.10 ± 0.67)],listening and speaking section [(21.20 ± 0.78) vs.(19.00 ± 0.74)],essay questions section [(37.80 ± 0.96) vs.(34.40 ± 1.15)],and total test scores [(82.20 ± 1.50) vs.(74.50 ± 1.52)] than did the students in the control group.In addition,the flipped class model ignites the students' learning interest,reduces the learning anxiety,and develops their learning autonomy.Conclusion The flipped class model is a highly effective means that promotes the student centered active learning.This study provides reference for implementation of the flipped class model in Chinese medical bilingual education.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effects of hip replacement in the treatment of femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis in elderly patients and the existing problems.Methods A total of seventy-five aged patients with femoral neck fracture or femoral head necrosis who were treated by hip replacement were selected as study objects.They were divided into fracture group and femoral head necrosis group according to disease type,all the patients were treated with hip replacement.The surgical time,intraoperative blood transfusion volume,length of hospital stay,in-bed time,perioperative complications and postoperative complications were observed and recorded.The Harris score was used to evaluate hip function of preoperation and postoperation.Results All patients were followed up for 6 ～ 24 months,no incision infection and severe perioperative complications.The volume of intraoperative blood loss,operation time,hospitalization time,in-bed time of the fracture group were (334.9 ± 90.4) mL,(91.7 ± 14.3) min,(19.5 ± 7.5) d,(5.9 ± 1.6) d,respectvely,which of the femoral head necrosis group were (362.9 ± 71.5) mL,(93.5 ± 7.8) min,(20.5 ± 4.2) d,(6.3 ± 1.4) d,respectvely,the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).At the end of the follow-up,the Harris scores of the two groups were higher than before operation,and the score of the fracture group (89.0 ± 7.4) points was significantly higher than (84.0 ± 9.2) points of the femoral head necrosis group (t =19.639,P ＜ 0.05).In the fracture group,1 year after surgery,1 patient appeared delayed fracture healing,2 cases with postoperative pain when walking the affected area.In the femoral head necrosis group,1 case with femoral nerve injury,1 case of death due to its original diseases,1 case of postoperative sore pain when walking,the two groups had no prosthesis loosening or dislocation phenomenon.Conclusion Hip replacement in the treatment of femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis in elderly patients can be used as a clinical treatment option with short in-bed time,less intraoperative blood loss,short operation time,less perioperative complication and good treatment effect,and it is worth to be promoted.

Aim To investigate the role of autophagy in the cardioprotection by orientin and the relative molec-ular mechanisms in cell apoptosis and autophay. Meth-ods The isolated ischemia reperfusion ( I/R ) heart model was built firstly. The Experiments were divided into seven groups:control group, I/R group, different concentrations of orientin-treated group ( 1. 0 mg · kg-1 ,2. 0 mg· kg-1 ,4. 0 mg · kg-1 ) , autophagy in-hibitor group and resveratrol group. Hemodynamic in-dex were recorded by PowerLab, the activities of myo-cardial enzymes were detected through Biochemical an-alyzer, the ultrastructure changes and autophagosomes in myocardial cells were detected by electron microsco-py, the apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and LC3 and Beclin1 protein levels of left ventricle were meas-ured by Western blot. Results Orientin at middle and high concentrations(2 and 4 mg·kg-1 ) induced auto-phagy shown by increased the number of autophago-somes, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio and Beclin 1 expression after ischemia-reperfusion. The induction of autophagy by orientin was correlated with enhanced cardiac func-tion and decreased apoptosis. But wortmannin, a kind of autophagy inhibitor, significantly attenuated the ori-entin-induced autophagy and increased apoptosis. Con-clusion The cardioprotection of orientin against myo-cardial ischemia reperfusion injury may be mediated through the inhibition of apoptosis and induction of au-tophagy.

Purpose:To study the expression of Epstein-Barr virus gene BARF1 in nasopharyngeal carc inoma cells, to uncover the mechanism and effects of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of EBV related carcinomas, and to offer some experimental supports for the prevention and treatment of EBV related carcinomas Methods :After RNA extraction from nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples, RT-PCR was con ducted to amplify the EBV gene EB virus associated nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) an d the new gene Bam HI A open reading frame 1 (BARF1) Then the PCR products wer e electrophoresed by 2% agarose gel and the product bands were detected and phot ographed Results:Of the 13 samples, 11 were qualified for the RNA qualit y And all of the 11 NPC cases were EBNA1 positive, showing the EB virus infect ion in the carcinoma cells 9 of the 11 cases were BARF1 positive, the positive rate was nearly 82% Conclusions:The EB virus gene BARF1 was highly expressed in the NPC samples This implies t hat apart from the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), BARF1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC The exact mechanisms of the BARF1 effects on the pathogenesis of NPC need to be studied further

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can depict mild papilledema and slight changes in the internal segment and external segment; measure thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer,retinal thickness and macular volume; detect missing axons and damage to the macular ganglion cell complex.Thus,OCT has important application values and widespread prospects in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of glaucoma and non-glaucoma optic neuropathy,optic nerve diseases and macular diseases,outer and inner retinopathy as well as evaluation of curative effects,follow-up observation,prognosis and mechanisms in neuroophthalmological diseases.Neuro-ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the exploration and application of OCT in the field of neuro-ophthalmology.

As a special branches of capillary electrophoresis(CE), nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) was variedly applied in the recent years. A brief summary on solvent properties and molecular interactions in nonaqueous solutions are introduced. Discussing of the approaches employed to enhance and tune selectivity in NACE. Special detection techniques for NACE are presented. Furthermore, a list of relevant applications in biological sample and its metabolin and also in pharmaceutical since 2000 is included, and also take perspective for NACE.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Smilax Glabra Roxb on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) induced by IL-1 in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Take human umbilical vascular endothelial cells as study subject, use immunofluorescence staining, serum pharmacology of the traditional Chinese medicine and flow cytometer. The level of VCAM-1 is represented by the mean fluorescence intensity. Results IL-1 increases the expression of VCAM-1, the expression of VCAM-1 in group of serum containing drugs is lower than control group. Conclusion Smilax Glabra Roxb can inhibit the effect of IL-1 induced increase of VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs.