Incidence of thrombotic disease is very high, and this disease can result in high mortality and high disability rate. Prevention and treatment of the disease mainly include:antiplatelet, anticoagulation and thrombolysis. Choice of anti?thrombotic treatment based emphasizes on individuation. As a direct inhibitor of factor Xa, Rivaroxaban exert its anticoagu?lant activity without antithrombinⅢbut is ineffective to theⅩa in prothrombin complex, which can be used as a substitute of traditional anticoagulant. In this paper, applications of Rivaroxaban on treating symptomatic venous thromboembolic dis?ease, postoperative venous thrombosis and cardiovascular thrombosis are reviewed.

Systemic insulin resistance has been well known. Recently, an important question has been raised regarding whether islet cells are resistant to insulin (insulin resistance of ?, ? and ? cells) due to the discovery of insulin receptor and its downstream insulin signaling pathways in islet cells. As a new study field of insulin resistance, the elucidation to this issue is crucial for the new insight into the mechanisms of insulin resistance per se and type 2 diabetes.

Objective Some scholars considered that dry eye is associated to serum sex level in elder female population.But,how the estrogen and/or androgen play role in dry eye is still in controversy.The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of estrogen and androgen on lacrimal secretion and expression of apoptosis genes in the lachrymal gland in ovariectomized rat.MethodsSixty-four female Wistar rats were divided into normal contol group,sham operation group and experiment group randomly.Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in the rats of the experiment group and only partial fat tissue in abdominal cavity was cut in the sham operation group.Lacrimal secretion (Schirmer Ⅰ test),tear film breakup time (BUT) and corneal fluorescence staining examinations were measured in all rats before and 1,2,3,4 and 5 months after the operation.Corn oil,estrogen and androgen were systemically and topically applied 5 months after the operation for six weeks in the OVX experiment group.The experimental rats were sacrificed and the lachrymal glands were obtained for pathohistological examination.The serum estrogen and androgen levels were detected before and 5 months after the operation and before death.The expressions of bax and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in the different groups.ResultsThe serum estrogen and androgen levels were significantly decreased after OVX in comaprison with before OVX (P＜0.05).The BUT was obviously shorter in the 1 month after OVX group (P＜0.05).The result of the Schirmer Ⅰ test decreased to 50% in 3 months after OVX (P＜0.01).Corneal fluorescence staining showed positive staining 4 months after OVX and stronger staining 5 months after OVX.In the sixth week after use of androgen,the results of BUT and Schirmer Ⅰ test were considerably decreased but stronger corneal fluorescence straining was seen.However,a complete contrary outcome was found in systemic androgen treatment rats.The expression of bax in lacrimal epithelium cells was increased after estrogen treatment and declinded after androgen treatment.The expression of bcl-2 in lacrimal epithelium cells was declinded after estrogen treatment and increased after androgen treatment.ConclusionIt is supposed that decrease of lacrimal secretion in OVX rats is associated with the decrease of serum androgen.The treatment with androgen can improve lacrimal secretion and decrease the expression of apoptosis gene in lachrymal gland in ovariectomized rat.The apoptosis of lachrymal gland epithelium is one of mechanisms of dry eye.

Spironolactone has been widely used in clinical treatment of PA,but its adverse effects are prominent when at large dose.So it is very important for clinicians to choose proper medications and doses for PA.With widespread use of selective aldosterone-receptor antagonists,non-aldosterone antagonists diuretic,calcium antagonists,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blocker in treatment of PA,clilicians now have more choice.This review introduces the progress in medications of PA in recent years.

BACKGROUND:With the rapid development of technology, most interbody fusion cages have been applied in clinic, but some are stil in experimental stage. Al fusion cages hold their own distinct characteristics as wel as advantages and shortcomings. OBJECTIVE:To clarify the development course of interbody fusion cages and analyze their types in detail, thereby paving ways for its improvement. METHODS:A computer-based search for literatures in CNKI and PubMed databases published from January 1989 to March 2016 was performed using the keywords of“interbody fusion cage, PEEK, TMC”in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 106 articles were retrieved and 38 articles were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Intervertebral fusion is a major method to treat spinal degenerative diseases. There are a variety of fusion cages in clinic, such as pyramesh, polyetheretherketone and absobable fusion cages. Implants used for fusion cages include autogenous, al ogenic and artificial bones as wel as bone morphogenetic protein. We introduce the development process of fusion cages in detail, emphasize the commonly used fusion cages and analyze its development in future. In the end, we give our opinions about the development of intervertebral fusion cages.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) in cervical cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the expression level of MST1 protein in specimens of cervical cancer tissues (n=139) and pericarcinomatous tissues (n=20, with≥4 cm distance from the primary tumor's edge). Western blot assay and qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA transcription expression levels of MST1 in 20 pairs of cervical cancer tissues and pericarcinomatous tissues, respectively. The correlation between MST1 expression, clinic pathological features and the prognosis were analyzed. Results MST1 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm. The positive expression rate of MST1 was significantly lower in cervical cancer tissues (27%, 38/139) than that in pericarcinomatous tissues (80%, 16/20,χ2=21.62, P<0.01). The expressions levels of MST1 protein and mRNA were both lower in the cervical cancer tissues (P<0.01). In cervical cancer, the positive expression rate of MST1 inⅠb+Ⅱa stage was higher than that ofⅡb+Ⅳstage (P<0.05), the positive expression rate of MST1 in lymph node metastasis was lower than that of without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Values of age, tumor size, histological type and differentiation degree showed no significant difference to positive expression rate of MST1. Moreover, the negative expression of MST1 displayed a significantly poorer overall survival time than that of positive expression of MST1 (Log-rank χ2=28.35, P < 0.01). Conclusion MST1 shows a lower expression in cervical cancer, which may be a new target for clinical treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer.

Human errors are errors found in planning or implementation, and those found in medical practice are often major causes of mishaps.To name a few, wrong-site surgery, medication error, wrong treatment, and inadvertent equipment operation.Errors of this category can be prevented by learning from experiences and achievement worldwide.Preventive measures include those taken in human aspect and system aspect, reinforced education and training, process optimization, and hardware redesign.These measures can be aided by multiple safety steps in risky technical operations, in an effort to break the accident chain.For example, pre-operative surgical site marking, multi-department co-operated patient identification, bar-coded medication delivery, read-back during verbal communication, and observation of clinical pathway.Continuous quality improvement may be achieved when both the management and staff see medical errors in the correct sense, and frontline staff are willing to report their errors.

To investigate the effect of calmodulin (CaM) signal system on the glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle cells from glimepiride (GM)-treated normal rats. The results showed that GM could activate CaM and CaM played a key role in GM inducing insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis.

Objective To investigate the effect of probucol on Sertoli cell injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)and mechanism. Methods Primary Sertoli cells treated with oxygen glucose deprivation for 2 h and reoxygenation for 3 h were modeled. We incubated Sertoli cells with probucol in a concentration of 5,10,and 20 μmol/L from reoxygenation to the end. The cell viability was evaluated using Cell Proliferation Assay kit. ROS production was observed by flow cytometry. The levels of MDA ,iron and GSH or the activity of glutathione-dependent peroxidase were measured by Assay Kit. Results The ferroptosis inhibitors pre-vented cell death(P < 0.01). The cell death rate was decreased by probucol in time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, probucol caused increase of ROS,MDA,GSH content and GPXs activity(P < 0.05). Conclusion Probucol protects Sertoli cells from OGD/R damage via inhibiting lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis.

Research-Based Teaching is to cultivate students’ competence of study and innovation,which requires teachers to change their concept and make careful design and full preparation before they put it into practice. The practice shows that adopting the teaching method of bringing students’ autonomous study into full play and intensifying the training of their scientific research is an important approach to implement it. Research-Based Teaching will play a more and more important role in cultivating students’ comprehensive competence.