Scanning electron microscopic observations were made on the morphological structures of the two copulatory spicules of the male Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. In both species,one of the two copulatory spicules was in the shape of a concave groove and the other, in the shape of an oblate tube. Owing to the difference in the concavity of the groove shaped copulatory spicule between the two species as shown by the cross sections, Necator americanus usually appear to have only one copulatory spicule whereas Ancylostoma duodenale usually show two separate copulatory spicules in appearance (Figs 1 -10).

Objective We tried to observe the effects of Chinese herb fumigation and washing combined with electromyographic biofeedback on stroke patients with muscle cramp on limbs.Methods 84 patients who had muscle cramp on limbs were selected and divided into two groups randomly,namely the intervention group and the control group and both groups had 42 stroke patients.The intervention group was treated with routine treatment,Chinese herbal fumigation and washing and electromyographic biofeedback treatment.The control group received only routine treatment and electromyographic biofeedback treatment.We had compared and analyzed the Ashworth Spasticity Scale and the Daily Life Abihty Score (Barthel index) of the two groups at the time of the pre therapy,two weeks after the treatment and at the end of the treatment(after four weeks),respectively.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in Barthel index,however,there were significant differences in Ashworth Spasticity Scale scores between the two groups four weeks after treatment,t=-3.84,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions The effect of Chinese herb fumigation and washing combining with the electromyo-graphic biofeedback treatment is better than usage of the electromyographic biofeedback treatment alone on stroke patients with muscle cramp on limbs.

Objective To study the dose-and time-effects of X-ray irradiation on the expression of Pokemon gene in A549 cells of human lung adenocarcinoma.Methods A549 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to X-rays with the doses of 2,4,6 and 8 Gy,respectively.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.The relative levels of Pokemon mRNA expression in the cells were detected by using quantitative real-time PCR at 2,4,8,12,24,48 and 72 h after irradiation.Results The Pokemon mRNA expression levels decreased in the early period after irradiation(except 2 and 4 h after irradiation in 2 Gy group)and then increased in the later stage(48 h after irradiation)with significant statistical differences at the most time points in comparison with the control group(t=3.40-154.76,P<0.05).Conclusions Higher doses of X-rays may degrade the expression of Pokemon mRNA in the human A549 cells and induce apoptosis in the early period,hut also may upgrade its expression in the later period, which might be correlated with the cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair in the A549 cells.

Objective To study the effects of X-ray radiation on CC-chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods Humanadenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and irradiated by X-ray at the absorbed doses of 2,4,6,and 8 Gy respectively by linear accelerator (with the source skin distance of 100 cm and dose rate of 442.89 cGy/min).The relative levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein expression in the A549 cells were respectively detected by real time-PCR and Western blotting 4,12,24,48,and 72 h after radiation.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.Results The expression levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein in the A549 cells began to increase since 4 h after radiation and then decreased gradually after they reached the peak.The CCR7 mRNA expression levels 72 h after radiation of the 6 and 8 Gy groups were still significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.75-7.26,both P < 0.01),and the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 2 and 6 Gy group were still significantly higher than those of the control group(t=11.13-14.17,both P <0.01).Then the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 4 and 8 Gy groups decreased to the control group level 48 and 72 h after radiation respectively.Conclusions The CCR7 mRNA and protein expression levels in the NSCLC cells increase after X-ray irradiation,which may be correlated with the promotion of proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by X-ray irradiation at a certain dose.

Objective To construct lentiviral vectors containing peptide P1-GFP fusion genes.Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were infected with lentivirus carrying peptide P1 and GFP fusion genes.To inject the targeted umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells into mice and to detect GFP expression in the spleen.Methods Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with adhered tissues of umbilical cord smaller than 1 mm3 . Lentiviral vector containing P1-GFP fusion genes with engineering technology was constructed and infected the umbilical cord derive mesenchymal stem cells.Targeted umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were intravenously injected in the mouse tail vein and after 18 hours GFP expression was detected with immunohistochamical staining of the spleen tissues.Results Harvested umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells grew well in culture medium. Green fluorescence on umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were observed under fluorescence microscope at 18 hours after infected with lentivirus.Green fluorescence intensity of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells was increasing over time and reached a peak at 72 hours.Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD105 (90.0%)/CD44 (98%) and CD73 (85.0%)/CD90 (98.5%) molecules.GFP expression was detected in the spleen after intravenous injection of targeted umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells in the mice 18 hours later.GFP expressing cells intimately contacted with lymphocytes.Conclusions Targeted umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells contain P1-GFP fusion genes are constructed.Targeted umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells can be targeted to mouse spleen and intimately contact with lymphocytes after intravenous injection.Our results lay the groundwork for further studies.

AIM: To study the bioequivalence of rosuvastatin calcium tablets produced by two different manufacturers on a fasting and postprandial basis in Chinese healthy subjects. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, balanced, open, two-sequence, two-cycle, double-crossover, and single-dose trial design was used in this study. Each of the fasting group and the postprandial group was enrolled in 52 healthy subjects. Fasting/postprandial oral rosuvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg test preparation or reference preparation, the validated LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the concentration of rosuvastatin calcium tablets in plasma, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Human bioequivalence and safety evaluation of two rosuvastatin calcium tablets were evaluated. RESULTS: The t