Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract disease in infants younger than 2 years of age.Many viruses can cause bronchiolitis,however,respiratory syncytial virus is most common etiology.The pathological characters are acute inflammation,edema,necrosis of epithelial cells and mucus productions increased.Diaguosis of bronchiolitis is based on clinical signs and symptoms and a thorough history and physical exam.The disease severity and risk factors for severe disease need to be assessed.The treatment of bronchiolitis has been largely supportive.Continuous positive airway pressure treatment has been accepted for severe cases.Palivizumab prophylaxis is probable in high risk infants.Hand hygiene,decreasing tobacco smoke and breastfeeding are considered as efficient preventive methods.

Objective To establish an animal model of passive transferred myasthenia gravis(PTMG) in C57BL/6 mice aged 4 to 5 weeks with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor monoclonal antibody-mAb35 so as to decide the effective dose of mAb35 required to induce PTMG and to supply animal model for further study of the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of human MG.Methods The C57BL/6 mice aged 4 to 5 weeks in the experimental group were divided into three subgroups(E1,E2,E3),injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) with 0.2 ml of Ringer's buffer solution containing 0.5,1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg capital monoclonal antibody mAb35 of acetylcholine receptor respectively.The control group(N) were injected i.p.with 0.2 ml of Ringer's buffer solution without mAb35.To decide whether the model was successful,the clinical symptoms,ultrastructural changes of the mice as well as pharmacological and electrophysiological evaluation were observed and the serum levels of acetylcholine receptor antibody(AChRAb) were detected.Results All mice in the experimental groups were induced of clinic symptoms of myasthenia.The features in pharmacology,electrophysiology,ultrastructure and increased level of acetylcholine receptor antibody were in accordance with those of MG patients.Conclusion The model of PTMG can be successfully induced in C57BL/6 mice with mAb35 at effective dose of 1.0 mg/kg.The method is convenient and reliable.A fine animal model is established for experimental study of myasthenia gravis in children.

Objective To compare the effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil on 2-beta globulin and thyroid hormone level in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods90 cases of patients with hyperthyroidism were treated in our hospital from May 2013 to May 2015, and randomly divided into control group and observation group, 45 cases in each group, the control group was treated with propylthiouracil, the observation group was treated with methimazole, and the level of thyroid hormone, the blood and urine β2-globulin, the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups during before&after treatment.ResultsCompared with before treatment, blood, urine β2-globulin content of two groups were significantly decreased, and the blood, urine beta β2-globulin content of the observation group significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05);compared with before treatment, FT3 and FT4 levels of two groups were significantly decreased during 1,2,3 months after treatment (P<0.05), TSH levels were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the observation group was better than the control group(P<0.05);During treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was no significant difference.ConclusionThere is significantly effect of methimazole in the treatment of hyperthyroidism with methimazole, it can effectively reduce the β2-globulin content, and regulating thyroid hormone levels in the body, it is safe worthy of promotion and application.

Objective To provide references for epidemiology teaching reform by investigating scores of epidemiological exam and applications of epidemiologic course content in practice.Methods The epidemiological exam scores of students majoring in preventive medicine from 2004 to 2007 grade were statistically analyzed and questionnaire survey was carried out among students of 2006 and 2007 grade.Results The skewness of epidemiological scores from four garades were negative skew,and the kurtosis of 2007 grade was positive,the others were negative;there were statistical differences among the average scores of different grades(F=2.70,P＜0.05);there were statistical differences between 2004 grade and other grades in passing rate(x2=7.94,P＜0.008).Most of the contents applied in survey were prevention and control of infectious deseases(16.0％),prevention and control of chronic diseases(13.9％),surveillance of diseases(11.8％).Conclusions Epidemiology teaching reform should be enhanced and should integrate theory with practice.

Objective: To determine the inhibitory effects of maltitol-gum on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus in dental plaque. Methods: Thirty 13-15 years old children with DMFS>4 were divided into three groups, maltitol chewing gums group(A group), xylitol chewing gum group(B group) and blank gum base group (C group). The plaque samples were collected and colony forming units were counted. Results: The levels of three-species cariogenic pathogens in three groups were statistically down-regulated when compared with the baseline(P<0.001).Moreover, A group and B group resulted in a higher decrease of Streptococcus mutans levels compare with C group(P<0.05). The levels of Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus were not statistically different between groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Maltitol-gum can lead to a significant suppression on Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque,while the inhibitory effect of the maltitol-gum on Lactobacilli, Actinomyces viscosus is not obvious.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of monokine induced by interferon- γ(Mig) in serum and chemokine receptor 3(CXCR3)on lymphocytes of peripheral blood in children with bronchiolitis.MethodsIn this study, 55 patients with bronchiolitis in our hospital were randomly recuited, and were divided into two groups: atopic group and non-atopic group. Of the same age 26 healthy children had been enrolled randomly as control group. The level of CXCR3 expression (CD183) on lymphocytes of peripheral blood was detected by lfow cytometry in all children. The level of Mig in serum was assayed by ELISA.ResultsThe level of CD183 expression on the CD3+CD4+T lymphocytes in atopic group and non-atopic group(16.39±4.13%,14.39±3.74 %)were higher than that of control group(11.17±3.13%,P<0.05),CD183+CD4+/CD4+% in atopic group were higher than that in non-atopic group(P<0.05). The level of CD183 expression on CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes in atopic group and non-atopic group(67.18±10.57 %, 61.44±11.46 %)were higher than that of control group(51.19±5.42 %, P<0.05),CD183+CD8+/CD8+% in atopic group were signiifcantly higher than that in non-atopic group(P<0.05). The level of Mig in serum of children with bronchiolitis in atopic group and non-atopic group(99.67±35.77ng/L, 120.28±32.28ng/L)were signiifcantly higher than that in control group(63.90±15.82 ng/L,P<0.05). The level of Mig in non-atopic group was higher than that in atopic group, there was signiifcant difference(P<0.05).ConclusionsMig and CXCR3 are involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, and CXCR3 may relate to allergic factors.

Objective To investigate the sleep status, quality of life, activities of daily living and the serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in insomnia patients after meridian-collateral stroke treated by the new family rehabilitation program, a combined therapy including traditional family rehabilitalion, acupoint massage and ear point application. Methods A total of 80 cases of insomnia patients after meridian-collateral stroke were enrolled. Subjects were evenly divided into treatment group ( treated with new family rehabilitation program) and control group ( treated with traditional hospital health education and family rehabilitation). Clinical effects of the two groups were evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the brief version of WHO Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) and activities of daily living ( ADL) . The serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were monitored before and after therapy and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Results ( 1) After treatment for 28 days, the scores of total PSQI, sleep time, sleep efficiency and sleep disorder incidence in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01) . ( 2) The scores of physiological, psychological, social relation, environmental dimensions of WHOQOL-BREF in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01) . ( 3) ADL scores were significantly higher in the treatment group than those in the control group (P<0.01) . (4) Serum levels of IL-1βand TNF-αwere increased in the treatment group as compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with the traditional hospital health education, the new family rehabilitation program can effectively improve the quality of sleep, quality of life, as well as the activities of daily living. And the mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of the serum levels of IL-1βand TNF-α, which are relevant to the sleep status.

Aim To investigate the role of cAMP re-sponse element binding protein (CREB)in the injury of rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (RPM-VEC)induced by LPS.Methods RPMVECs were i-solated and cultured in vitro,Western-blot was used to assay phosphorylation levels of CREB.Endothelial per-meability was determined by measuring the influx of Evans blue-labeled albumin across endothelial mono-layer.Results LPS increased CREB phosphorylation at Ser 1 3 3 in RPMVEC in a time-dependent manner , peaked at 30 min,but still higher at 120 min compared with basal control group.Pretreatment of cells with PKA inhibitor V5681 nearly suppressed the CREB phosphorylation stimulated in the presence of LPS,and the monolayer permeability of PMVEC was significantly increased. Conclusions LPS rapidly induces the phosphorylation of CREB in RPMVEC,and PKA me-diates the process.During the process of LPS-stimula-ted injury of RPMVEC,phosphorylation of CREB may play a protective role.

Objective To investigate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) induced fibronectin (FN), collagen 1 (COL1), nuclear factor (NF)-κB P65 proteins and interlukin (IL)-1βgene expression in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs), and the interventional mechanism of resveratrol (RSV). Methods (1) HTMCs with 70 to 80%confluency were divided into 5 groups. The experimental groups were treated with serum-free medium and with H2O2 at concentrations of 150, 300, 450 and 800μmol/L. The control group was treated with 0μmol/L H2O2. The protein levels of FN, COL1, NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P65 phosphorylation (P-NF-κB P65) were measured by Western blot assay. The expression of IL-1βgene was measured by qPCR. (2) HTMCs were divided into 3 groups. The control group was treated withserum-free medium and without H2O2 and RSV. The H2O2 group was treated with 300μmol/L H2O2. The H2O2+RSV group was treated with 300μmol/L H2O2 and 25μmol/L resveratrol (RSV). The expressions of proteins and genes mentioned above were detected in three groups. NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation was assessed by immunofluorescence technique. (3) HTMCs were divided into 3 groups. The control group was treated with serum-free medium and without TGF-β2 and RSV. The TGF-β2 group was treated with 5μg/L TGF-β2. The TGF-β2+RSV group was treated with 5μg/L TGF-β2 and 25μmol/L RSV. The expressions of proteins and genes mentioned above were detected in three groups. Results (1) Compared with control group, the protein levels of FN and P-NF-κB P65 were significantly increased in 150, 300, 450 and 800μmol/L groups,the expression levels of COL1 protein and IL-1β gene were significantly increased in 300, 450 and 800 μmol/L groups (P <0.05). There were no statistical significances between other indicators. (2) The expression levels of FN, COL1, P-NF-κB P65 proteins and IL-1βgene were significantly higher in H2O2 group than those in control group, and which were significantly lower in H2O2+RSV group than those in H2O2 group. Compared with control group, only the expression of IL-1βgene was decreased in H2O2+RSV group (P < 0.05). NF-κB P65 was only expressed in cytoplasm in control group, while it was expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus in H2O2 group. Compared with H2O2 group, NF-κB P65 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm. (3) Compared with control group, the expressions of FN, COL1, P-NF-κB P65 proteins and IL-1β gene were significantly increased in TGF-β2 group (P < 0.05). Compared with TGF-β2 group, the indicators mentioned above were significantly decreased in TGF-β2+RSV group (P<0.05). Conclusion H2O2 and TGF-β2 can upregulate the expression of FN, COL1, P-NF-κB P65 proteins and IL-1βgene in HTMCs, which may be involved in the development and progression of glaucoma. RSV can inhibit the influence of H2O2 and TGF-β2 in HTMCs and exert a protective effect on glaucoma.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form(MFSI-SF).Methods The reliability and validity of the Chinese version MFSI-SF were assessed in a sample of 203 cancer patients.Statistical software was used to perform the analysis.Results The results showed moderate correlation between items and the total scale,the content validity index was 0.82,and exploratory factor analysis indicated five dimensions of the scale,the cumulative variance contribution was 56.65％.Confirmatory factor analysis showed moderate model fitting:x2/df=l.73,GFI=0.83,AGFI=0.79,NNFI=0.94,RMSEA=0.06,criterion validity was 0.585,and the Cronbach α of the total scale was 0.896.Conclusions The results demonstrated good convergent validity,it is suitable to evaluate fatigue status in Chinese cancer patients.