Oncomelania hupensis is the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, and its distribution is consistent with that of schistosomiasis.Temperature is an essential environmental factor for the survival of snails.Therefore, it is important to study the impact of climate warming on snail-breeding and schistosomiasis transmission.This paper reviews the importance of climate warming to snail breeding and the spreading of the disease, and the application of relative research techniques.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of treating acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding(AUGIB) with freezing Zidi mixture lavage. Method 183 UGIB patients from the First Affiliated Hospital to Guanzhou University of TCM in August 2013 were randomly recruited into a control group with 91cases and a treatment group with 92 cases. The treatment group was treated with intragastric administration of freezing Zidi mixture, while the control group was treated with intragastric administration of cryohydrate and norepinephrine. The changes of clinical effects, blood pressure, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, pulse and dark stool were observed and the bad emotions as anxiety, depression and fear were evaluated. Results ① On therapeutic effect, the total effective rate was 96.7% and 85.7% in the treatment group and the control group respectively, with statistical difference(χ2=2.943,P<0.05). ② On the time of symptom disappearance:the disappearing time of vomiting, dark stools and occult blood test in the treatment group was obviously shorter than the control group after the treatment(t=6.628、14.052、21.706,P<0.05 or 0.01). ③ On body symptom changes: after the treatment, the systolic pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin, and blood urea nitrogen [(114.3±12.1)mmHg,(78.6±11.4)/min,(98.1±10.5)g/L,(5.9±1.1)mmol/L] in the treatment group were all obviously improved than those [(106.3±11.2)mmHg, (88.7±12.1)/min,(88.2±11.7)g/L,(6.9±1.4)mmol/L] in the control group;body temperature returned to normal in both groups, and there was no statistical difference score was either in or between groups(P>0.05). ④ On changes of anxiety, depression and fear:the treatment group [the(42.5±9.4), (41.6±9.7), (26.3±5.4)for each]was obviously improved after the treatment than the control group[the score was(51.2±10.1),(50.4±11.5),(30.4±6.9)for each],P<0.05. Conclusion Freezing Zidi mixture lavage can obviously elevate systolic pressure, decrease heart rate, enhance hemoglobin, decrease blood urea nitrogen, relieve body stress reaction and other clinical symptoms. Its effects were better than intragastric administration of cryohydrate and norepinephrine in treating AUGIB.

0.05).Conclusions The TNF-?levels differed among the sta- ges of disease and MS subtypes,but no marked relation existed between the TNF-?level and the EDSS score.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)? and the clinical features of multiple sclerosis(MS). Methods The TNF? level of 58 MS patients (MS group) was determined by means of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlative analysis between level of TNF? and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the clinical data (including the duration of disease,the number of relapses and the age of onset) were take in MS patients. Results (1)TNF? level was significantly increased in MS acute stage compared with those in MS remission stage and healthy controls (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of percutaneous stenting for renal artery stenosis. Methods Stent implantation was conducted in 27 patients(Interventional Group) with renal artery stenosis from January 1997 to December 2004 in this hospital.Patients' blood pressure,renal functions,and quality of life were recorded and compared with another group of 27 patients receiving medical treatment(Medical Group) during this time. Results The procedure of renal artery stenting was superior to the medical treatment in antihypertensive effect,renal function improvement,raise of life quality,and increase of survival rate.The procedure offered a high success rate(88.9%,24/27) and low re-stenosis rate(12.5%,3/24) and an incidence of complications(18.5%,5/27).The Interventional Group was remarkably superior to the Medical Group with respect to the decrease of blood pressure and creatinine and the increase of glomerular filtration rate,with significant differences.Follow-ups for 6 months ~ 8 years and 6 months(median,1 year and 9 months) revealed that normal daily activities and works were achieved in 19 patients in the Interventional Group and in 12 patients in the Medical Group. Conclusions Percutaneous renal artery stenting in the treatment of renal artery stenosis is effective.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB)in psoriasis. Methods Forty-two patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 20 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. All the patients received 20 sessions of NB-UVB radiation. Psoriasis area severity index (PASI)was used to evaluate the severity of psoriasis. Blood samples were collected from all the patients before and 15 cured patients after the treatment as well as from 20 healthy controls, and skin samples from 10 patients before and after the treatment as well as from 10 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was performed to determine the serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to measure the mRNA expressions of IL-17 and IL-22 in skin specimens. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the two-sample t-test, paired t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results After 20 sessions of NB-UVB radiation, 15 out of the 42 patients were cured with a significant decrease in PASI. Compared with the healthy controls, the 15 cured patients showed a significant elevation in the levels of IL-17and IL-22 proteins(IL-17: 34.26 ± 10.05 ng/L vs. 16.34 ± 4.73 ng/L, t = 7.016, P < 0.01; IL-22: 13.72 ± 4.45 ng/L vs. 5.03 ± 1.84 ng/L, t = 8.282, P < 0.01)and mRNAs (IL-17: 13.43 ± 2.12 vs. 5.26 ± 0.87, t = 6.312, P < 0.01; IL-22:16.53 ± 2.65 vs. 7.72 ± 2.13, t = 6.823, P < 0.01)before the treatment. The PASI score was positively correlated with the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 proteins in sera (r = 0.76, 0.70, respectively, both P < 0.05)and their mRNAs in skin lesions (r = 0.65, 0.68, respectively, both P < 0.05)in these patients. The serum levels and mRNA expressions of IL-17 and IL-22 all significantly reduced in the cured patients after the treatment compared with those before the treatment(all P < 0.05). Conclusion NB-UVB may treat psoriasis by downregulating the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in peripheral blood and skin lesions in patients with psoriasis.

Objective To investigate the relation between the expression of Bcl-2 protein and protection against ischemic neuronal damage by preconditioning with sublethal ischemia .Methods The cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries .Sixty-three gerbils were divided randomly into four groups:sham operative control group (group A,n=5),ischemic preconditioning control group (group B ;n=6) with a single 2-min cerebral ischemia; ischemia preconditioning group (group PC,n=26) and ischemic control group (group IR,n=26) with 5-min ischemia being induced following 3 days of reperfusion with or without 2-min ischemic preconditioning,then with reperfusion lasting 4 hours (group PC1,n=5;group IR1,n=5),24 hours (group PC2,n=7;group IR2,n=7),72 hours (group PC3,n=7;group IR3,n=7)or 7 days (group PC4,n=7;group IR4 ,n=7) respectively.Paraffin sections of hippocampus were used for Bcl-2 protein immunohistochemical staining.Results In group B,Bcl-2 protein immunoreactivity (the intensity of staining) significantly increased as compared with that in group A(P

Diabetes is a kind of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia The oral hypoglycemic agents used currently are required to take every day,which brings inconvenience to patients.Omarigliptin is a small molecule DPP-4 (depeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor.The drug is developed by the Merck Co,mainly for the treatment of type two diabetes.The drug only need to be taken once a week,so as to improve the patient's compliance and adherence,thereby improving the therapeutic effect.This article introduces the information of omarigliptin from the aspects of synthesis,pharmacology,pharmacokinetics,and clinical research,which provides valuable information for pharmaceutical workers.

Objective To conduct a meta?analysis of literatures to explore the relationship of UGT1A1*6 gene polymorphism and irinotecan toxici?ty,so as to guide clinical treatment. Methods Papers were searched by PubMed database and manual search. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies were formulated and the methodologies quality was assessed,data were extracted and the statistical analysis was made using STATA12.0 software. Results A total of 12 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with mutated UGT1A1*6 showed an increased risk for neutropenia compared to wild UGT1A1*6(OR=2.37,95%CI 1.58?3.55,P=0.001). Both homozygous and heterozygous muta?tion showed an increased risk for neutropenia compared to wild type and the homozygous mutation(OR=5.09,95%CI 2.74?9.45,P<0.001) showed an even higher risk for neutropenia compared to the heterozygous mutation(OR=2.07,95%CI 1.37?3.13,P=0.001). For severe diarrhea, mutated UGT1A1*6 showed an increased risk compared to wild type(OR=1.48,95%CI 0.86?2.55,P=0.153),though without statistical signifi?cance. The homozygous mutation performed a significantly increased risk(OR=3.51,95%CI 1.33?9.25,P=0.011)and the heterozygous mutation also showed increased risk,however,the difference between them was not statistically significant. Conclusion UGT1A1*6polymorphisms can pre?dict irinotecan toxicity,especially for incidence of neutropenia.

BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite/gel nano-composite has the same mechanical strength to the natural bone, but its ability to repair bone defects and osteogenic effect need to be confirmed by further studies.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the repair effect of hydroxyapatite/gel bionic composite in skul defects of rabbits.
METHODS: The hole-like calvarium defect models were established in rabbits, and treated with hydroxyapatite/ gel composites (hydroxyapatite/gel group), autologous skul as positive control (autologous bone group) and
nothing as negative control (blank group). The repairing condition in the skul defect areas were observed and analyzed by X-ray and CT at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 8 weeks, X-ray assessment showed that normal-like bone tissue appeared in the defect region of the autologous bone group; in the hydroxyapatite/gel group, dense bone with similar
morphology to normal bone tissue was found in the central site of defect region, and the boundary was slightly blurred. After 12 weeks, the hydroxyapatite/gel showed blurred edge compared with autologous bone, and the center of the composite was disconnected; in the blank group, a clear and regular transmitted shadow was
observed. After 12 weeks, CT examination showed that the hydroxyapatite/gel was connected tightly with the surrounding normal bone tissue. As a new bionic composite, the hydroxyapatite/gel can achieve good effect in repairing skul defects of rabbits.