Objective To investigate the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) in the patients with maintenance hemodi‐alysis(M HD) and relevant influencing factors to achieve the purpose of early diagnosis of osteoporosis .Methods Seventy‐two pa‐tients undergoing MHD and 76 healthy individuals(control group) were selected .The BMD values of lumbar spine and hip were measured in all subjects by using the dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry(DEXA) .The abnormal situation of BMD and the change of serum bone metabolism indicators in the patients with M HD were analyzed .Then the related factors affecting BMD were further ex‐plored .Results Compared with healthy controls ,the average BMD of lumbar and hip joints in M HD patients was significantly de‐creased ,which in elderly women was most remarkable ,and the incidence of osteoporosis was also significantly increased (P<0 .05) . Meanwhile ,the serum detection results showed that the levels of AKP ,iPTH ,P ,osteocalcin(OC) ,procollagen 1 N‐terminal peptide (P1NP) and β‐crosslaps (β‐CTX) in the NHD patients were significantly increased ;however the levels of Vit D and Ca were markedly decreased .The correlation analysis results showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI and blood Ca ,while neg‐atively correlated with age ,dialysis age ,serum AKP and OC levels .Conclusion M HD patients are easily to appear the osteoporosis phenomenon ,in which the gender ,age ,dialysis age ,BMI ,serum AKP ,Ca and OC are the factors affecting BMD .

Objective To investigate the diagnostic threshold value and the influencing factors of high‐sensitivity troponin I measurement in the diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction .Methods Collecting 9 236 patients who are the first time hs‐cTnI testing in the internal emergency department of our hospital(including 9 099 patients with non‐AMI and 137 patients with AMI) as participants ,then dividing non‐AMI patients into elder group(>60 years old) and younger group(≤60 years old) ,hs‐cTnI concentrations were compared between the elder and the younger group with different gender .The optimal threshold value of hs‐cT‐nI for acute myocardial infarction was determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of AMI patients with different age and gender .Results The hs‐cTnI concentrations of non‐AMI patients in the elder male group were 39 .21 ng/L [(37 .48-40 .93)ng/L] ,which was higher than those of non‐AMI patients in the younger male group 22 .38 ng/L[(21 .16-23 .6)ng/L] and the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) ,the same result was seen in the elder female group and the younger female group .The total male group was 31 .26 ng/L [(30 .17 -32 .34)ng/L] ,it was higher than the total female group 26 .8 ng/L [(25 .73-27 .86)ng/L] .According to the ROC curve ,the optimal threshold value for AMI diagnosis was 45 ng/L in total AMI group and 135 ng/L in the elder male group and 45 ng/L in the elder female group ,which was different with the cut off value(120 ng/L) .Conclusion the hs‐cTnI levels were related with age and gender ,it is very important for us to consider these factors when we make the optimal threshold value with our own data .

Copper is a trace element essential for the maintenance of normal physiological functions in cardiovascular system,and its transport and metabolisms are regulated by various copper proteins such as copper-based enzymes,copper chaperones and copper transporters.The disturbance of copper level or abnormal expression of copper proteins are closely associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,ischemic heart disease,myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.Thus,intervention of copper ion signaling pathways is expected to be an effective measure for treating cardiovascular diseases.Some copper complexes,such as trientine,copper-aspirinate complex and copper(Ⅱ)diethyldithiocarbamate,have been found to play a role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and possess potential prospects.Exploring the role of copper in maintaining normal cardiovascular status and the potential application of copper complexes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases may lay a foundation for finding new targets for prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases,and provide new ideas for clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.