Objective To evaluate the value of enzyme-linked immunospot assay (TB ELISPOT) combined with serum latex agglutination test (LA) for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods Serum and biopsy specimens of 76 patients, who were suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis and/or pulmonary cryptococcosis based on clinical and imaging features, were collected from March 2006 to September 2008 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. TB ELISPOT assay, LA and histopathological examination were performed in all the patients. Results Histopathological and pathogenic examination confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis in 15 cases and pulmonary tuberculosis in 22 cases, pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis in 8 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of TB ELISPOT were 91% and 94.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of LA were both 100%. TB ELISPOT assay and LA test were both positive in the 8 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis.Conclusions The value of enzyme-linked immunospot assay combined with serum latex agglutination test is high for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis.

H7N9 avian influenza is the latest subtype of influenza virus to emerge in the world. By April 17, 2013 in Shanghai, a total of 31 confirmed cases were reported, and 11 of these patients died. The epidemiological characteristics and the clinical progress of this new human flu infection are still not clear. Thirteen confirmed patients have now been treated in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. Among the first batch of patients, hospitalised at the beginning of April 2013, two who were admitted with the same estimated date of onset of disease had very different outcomes. After active treatment at the Centre, one recovered by April 18, 2013, but one patient entered critical condition and died on April 11, 2013. The clinical and laboratory characteristics in hospital are here analysed and compared to learn more about H7N9 avian influenza. Confirmation that the observed differences are valuable for prognosis and treatment decisions for H7N9 patients awaits authentication by analysis of more patients.
Influenza in Birds ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Communicable Diseases ; Laboratories

Objective:To evaluate the efficacies of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol in the treatment of novel covonavirus pneumonia (NCP).Methods:The clinical data of 134 patients with NCP receiving treatment at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during January 20 to February 6, 2020 were retrospectively collected. All the patients received interferon-α2b spray and symptomatic supportive treatment, and 52 cases received oral lopinavir/ritonavir treatment, 34 cases received oral abidol treatment, the remaining 48 cases did not take any antiviral drugs. The efficacies of the three groups were compared, and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:The 134 patients included 69 males (51.5%) and 65 females (48.5%), aged 35 to 62 years with the average of 48 years. The median time to temperature normalization in patients receiving abidol or lopinavir/ritonavir treatment was both six days after admission, and that was four days in the control group, with no significant difference ( χ2=2.37, P=0.31). The median time for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative in the respiratory specimens in the three groups was all seven days after admission, and the PCR negative rates at day seven after admission in lopinavir/ritonavir, abidol and control groups were 71.8% (28/39), 82.6% (19/23) and 77.1% (27/35), respectively, which were not significantly different ( χ2=0.46, P=0.79). Radiological worsening at day seven was observed in comparable proportions of patients in the three groups, which were 42.3% (22/52), 35.3% (12/34) and 52.1% (25/48), respectively( χ2=2.38, P=0.30). Adverse reactions occurred in 17.3% (9/52), 8.8% (3/34) and 8.3% (4/48) patients, respectively in the three groups ( χ2=2.33, P=0.33). Conclusions:This study does not find any effects of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol on relieving symptoms or accelerating virus clearance. The efficacies of these two drugs in NCP treatment need further investigation.

Objectives Comparative analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles in Minhang District before and after Large scale supplementary immunization activities of measles containing vaccine(MCV) in 2010. Methods Measles incidence data of MCV-SIA in 2010 and the first five years before 2010 (from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009), the next five years (from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015) and the second five years (from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020) after were collected. Descriptive epidemiological method was used for comparative analysis. Results The incidence rate of measles in Minhang District, Shanghai after MCV-SIA in 2010 showed a significant downward trend, The average annual incidence (per 100 0000) in the first 5 years before 2010 was 155.96, SIA was 30.08,The next five years was 29.52, The second five years was 2.84,There was statistical difference in the annual incidence rate between the four groups.（χ²=3165.821，P<0.01）. The annual incidence rate between registered residence and non registered residence population were not statistically different after second SIA years after the SIA（χ²=1.646，P=0.223）The proportion of 8-month-old children under the age of MCV decreased from 15.46% in the first five years of MCV-sia to 5.88%,In the second five years after MCV-sia, the proportion of 10-14 age group increased from 7.81% to 13.83%, The susceptible population of measles before MCV-SIA was less than 8 month old and under the age of MCV initial immunization, no migrant workers with no history of immunization and adults with registered residence. Once there is a source of infection, it is easy to cause the spread of the epidemic. After MCV-SIA, foreign students in international schools and nonworking population became the focus of measles. Of the 95 cases in which measles virus genotypes were available in the next five years, 2 (2.11%) were A genotype, and 93 (97.89%)were the indigenous H1 genotype ; Of the 7 cases in which measles virus genotypes were available in the second five years,7 (100%)were the indigenous H1 genotype . Conclusions After MCV-SIA, the comprehensive measles prevention and control measures can effectively control the incidence and prevalence of measles in Minhang District. But circulation of the indigenous H1 genotype was not interrupted, the work of normalization measures to eliminate measles also needs to cooperate with many departments to strengthen the prevention and control measures of measles in foreign schools and the nonworking population.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacies of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol in the treatment of NCP. Methods: The clinical data of 134 patients with NCP receiving treatment at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during Jan 20 to Feb 6, 2020 were retrospectively collected. All the patients received interferon-α2b spray and symptomatic supportive treatment, and 52 cases received oral lopinavir/ritonavir treatment, 34 cases received oral abidol treatment, the remaining 48 cases did not take any antiviral drugs. The efficacies at median day 7 among the three groups were compared by using Kruskal-Wallis or chi-square tests. Results: The 134 patients included 69 males (51.5%) and 65 females, aged 35-62 years with the average of 48 years. The median time to temperature normalization in patients receiving abidol or lopinavir/ritonavir treatment was both 6 days after admission, and that was 4 days in the control group, with no significant difference (χ²=2.37, P=0.31). The median time to PCR negative in the respiratory specimens in the three groups was all 7 days after admission, and the PCR negative rates at day 7 after admission in lopinavir/ritonavir, abidol and control groups were 71.8% (28/39), 82.6% (19/23) and 77.1% (27/35), respectively, which were not significantly different (χ²=0.46, P=0.79). Radiological worsening at day 7 was observed in comparable proportions of patients in the three groups, which were 42.3% (n=22), 35.3% (n=12) and 52.1% (n=25), respectively (χ²=2.38, P=0.30) . Adverse reactions occurred in 17.3% (n=9), 8.8% (n=3) and 8.3% (n=4) patients, respectively in the three groups (χ²=2.33, P=0.33). Conclusions This study did not find any effects of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol on relieving symptoms or accelerating virus clearance. The efficacies of these two drugs in NCP treatment need further investigation.