0.05).The blood gas analysis(BGA) and pulmonary function test(PFT) were performed in patients with stable COPD.The cognitive function was evaluated by ESD in both patients with stable COPD and healthy persons as control.The patients were divided into different groups by BGA and PFT(FEV1/Pred).Results:The total score of ESD and the subtest scores of ESD in leaning,memory,calculation,constructive function were obviously lower in the patient group than those in the control group(The mean difference of the total score was 16,with the two groups' total scores as 208.1?17.6/224.3?10.6,t=5.19,P

Objective To compare FEV1 with BODE in evaluating COPD.Methods Forty-one stable COPD patients,23 males and 18 females,with mean age of 58.8 years,were evaluated for FEV1 and BODE scores,the number and duration of acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD),number of admissions and duration of hospitalization caused by AECOPD,and sputum culture.All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 11.0 for Windows.Results There was a remarkable difference in disease severity between the group with FEV1≥1 L and BODE score

Objective To analyze satisfaction of the clinical practice content of nursing postgraduates with different characteristic, and to provide transformative suggestions for the construction of clinical practice scheme of nursing postgraduates. Methods Using judgment sampling and snowball sampling, the questionnaire survey was conducted among 101 nursing postgraduates, and comparing satisfaction of clinical practice content of postgraduates with different age, work experience and teaching mode. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data description and t test. Results The total satisfaction of clinical practice content of nursing postgraduates was low, and different postgraduates′satisfaction was different. On practical operation opportunity,> 30 years old of postgraduates′satisfaction was (3.95±0.87), which was higher than those 20~30 years old, (3.35±0.90), and the difference was statistically significant, t=2.748, P<0.01. On clinical practice assessment methods and frequency, the satisfaction of postgraduates with a fixed teacher was higher than those without a fixed teacher (3.40±0.74) vs. (2.83±0.87), and the difference was statistically significant, t=3.310, P<0.01. Conclusions At present, the clinical practice content of nursing postgraduates is in shortage, and need to be further improved.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical application of BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity) index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Forty patients with stable COPD in Xuanwu Hospital of Beijing during September 2003 to December 2007, were recruited in the study, including 25 men and 15 women, aged 38 to 85 years (with a mean of 62 ± 13 years). BODE index was measured for each patient, one year and three years after recruitment, respectively. Severity of COPD, including number and duration of episodes, length of each hospital stay and times of hospitalization due to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), were recorded. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software for windows. Results ①There was a remarkable difference in COPD severity between patients with BODE score equal to or greater than five and these with less than five (P <0.01 ). ①BODE score inversely correlated with forced expired volume at the first second ( FEV1 ) in COPD patients (P < 0.01 for those with BODE score equal to or greater than five and P <0.05 for these with BODE score less than five, respectively). ③BODE score positively correlated with number and duration of acute exacerbation, length of hospital stay and times of hospitalization due to AECOPD (P <0. 01 for those with BODE score equal to or greater than five and P < 0. 05 for those with BODE score less than five, respectively). For patients with COPD, their BODE score in the first year positively correlated with that in the third year ( r = 0.834, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions BODE index is a better indicator to evaluate their condition severity in patients with COPD.

Objective To asscess cognitive changes of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome(OSAHS)by the Expansive Scale of Dementia(ESD),and to compare ESD to Mini Mental Status Examenation(MMSE)in cognitive function.Methods 90 OSAHS patients were investigated in our study.All patients were divided into three groups,according to apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),including mild group,moderate group and severe group.The cognitive function was evaluated by MMSE and ESD.Results The parameters,including AHI,Longest apnea time(LAT)and percentage of time spend when oxygen saturation lower than 0.9(SLT 90%) in severe OSAHS group were significantly higher than those in mild and moderate groups(P0.05).The total score of MMSE and subtest scores of MMSE in memory,attention,calculation and short-and long-term memory were significantly lower in severe OSAHS group than those in mild and moderate groups(P0.05).Conclusion There was the obvious decrease in cognitive function in patients with severe OSAHS,especially in leaning,memory,calculation and constructive function.Both ESD and MMSE could be used to evaluate the cognitive function in OSAHS patients,especially ESD.

Objective To determine the urine parameters,body temperature and main organ coefficient of Fujian rabbits.Methods In this experiment,we selected twenty healthy Fujian rabbits with weight of about 2.5kg.Both male and female rabbits were ten.Before experiment,the rabbits drunk water freely.We collected fresh urine before breeding in the morning,and then determined the ten items urine parameters soon.Under the room temperature,we used electricity thermometer into the rabbits' rectum to determine the body temperature.Being fasting for 12h,the rabbits were anesthetized by 3% pentobarbital sodium,and then were put to death after bloodletting.The dissection took various internal organs immediately.The clean organs were weighed by electronic analytical balance.Results The results showed that the majority of the urine was yellow opacity,and the ten items urine parameters between male and female had no significant difference.The average body temperature of Fujian rabbits was 39.67℃ above other ones.There was no significant difference in main organ coefficient between male and female expect the lung and spleen.Conclusion In a word,it was objective to determine the body temperature,urine parameters,mainly organ coefficient of Fujian rabbits which were fed in conventional environment.It is valuable for the appliation of Fujian rabbits in life science sphere.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent pneumatic pressure pump on the formation of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in elderly patients undergoing thoracotomy. Methods Fifty patients undergoing thoracic surgery were managed with intermittent pressure inflation pump besides general preventive measures. The pre-and postoperative blood flow in the lower extremity and incidences of deep venous thrombosis were compared. Result The differences in blood flow in the lower extremity and incidences of deep venous thrombosis were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Intermittent pneumatic pressure pump can promote pulsatile blood flow in the lower extremity so as to effectively prevent formation of deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients after thoracotomy.

Objective We tried to explore nursing postgraduates' expectations of clinical practice,and build a set of practicable clinical practice program which contributed to cultivate comprehensive ability of nursing postgraduate.Methods Using judgment sampling and snowball sampling,the questionnaire survey was conducted among 111 nursing postgraduates,and expectations of clinical practice of postgraduates with dif-ferent ages and different work experiences were compared.Results Most nursing postgraduates hold that the clinical practice was necessary.Nursing postgraduates with different ages and work experiences had different expectations of chnical practice,and the differences were statistically significant,x2 value was 11.594 and 4.416,P ＜ 0.05.Nursing postgraduate with different working experience showed statistical difference in clinical expectation of total practice time,x2=1 1.290,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions Nursing post-graduates with different ages and work experiences have different expectations of clinical practice.Colleges should build a set of reasonable clinical practice program,based on training objectives,research direction,practice expectations of nursing postgraduates.

Objective To evaluate the cognitive function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) stable patients with ExtendedScale for Dementia (ESD). Methods 37 patients with stable COPD (COPD group) and 40 healthy persons (control group) were enrolled.The COPD patients were divided into different groups as their PaO2. They were assessed with ESD and Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE). Results The total score of ESD and the subtest scores of ESD in leaning, memory, calculation, constructive function were significantlylower in the COPD group than in the control group (P<0.001). The total score of MMSE and the subtest scores of MMSE in memory,attention and calculation, short- and long-term memory were significantly lower in the COPD group than in the control group (P<0.05). Thetotal score and the subtest scores in learning, memory, calculation of ESD were lower in patients with PaO2<60 mmHg than those withPaO2≥60 mmHg (P<0.05), same as the total score and the subtest scores in memory, attention and calculation, short- and long-term memoryof MMSE (P<0.05). Both ESD and MMSE correlated significantly with PaO2 (P<0.01). Conclusion ESD can be used as an evaluationtool for cognitive function in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective To investigate the behavioral problems and self-concept of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the correlation between them. Methods The subjects came from a sample survey of primary and middle school students' mental status in 6 regions in Hunan province. Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL) was filled out by parents. The Children's self-concept scale (CSCS) was completed by children themselves. Results There were significant differences between the scores of ODD group and the normal control among all CBCL subscales except the activities scale, and the scores for the CSCS scales were all lower in patients with ODD than the control group except for the physical appearance and attributes (P<0.01). In addition, according to correlation analysis, the CBCL scores yielded small but significant correlations with the CSCS scores for children with ODD(P<0.05). Conclusion Children with ODD have generally behavioral problems, poor social competence, and lower self-concept, whose behaviors were correlated with their self-concept.