The human fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene,which is located at chromosome region 3p14.2.The fragile site FRA3B of the FHIT gene is the most unstable site.FHIT can promote apoptosis,and inhibit cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.High methylation status,loss of the various sections of the FHIT gene,changes of the fragile site FRA3B and abnormalities of FHIT transcripts can result in gene afunction,and then promote the development and progression of various types of cancers.Transfecting wild-type FHIT into tumor cells with low or lacking endogenous FHIT expression can induce apoptosis.The combined treatment with other genes may provide a new insight for the treatment of tumors.

Voluntary control of saccadic eye movements is a kind of saccades controlled by conscious and always used to investigate the brain areas related to saccades and ability of response inhibition and work memory.Researching the neural mechanisms of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements could provide a basis to study the advanced cognitive function of brain and facilitate to explore basic neural mechanisms of abnormal saccadic in brain disorders.As neuroimaging technologies develops,intensive studies about the neural mechanisms of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements have been made great progress.It is showed that several brain areas such as prefrontal cortex,subcortical areas and parietal cortex mainly in participate.These multiple brain regions are involved in voluntary control of saccadic eye movements at different stages.Antisaccades and memory-guided saccades including different brain regions because of their different characteristics of saccadic.The future direction of the research is to combine study with neural imaging technology,and to study more about the brain regions and their functional connectivity involved in voluntary control of saccadic eye movements.

As a member of homeobox gene family,HOXC is expressed in many organs and can regulate gene expression,cell differentiation and morphogenesis.Abnormality of its function is closely related to the prognosis of leukemia,breast cancer,renal cell carcinoma,prostate cancer and so on.

Objective To identify knowledge structure and knowledge requirement of undergradu-ate course nursing teachers in our province, and offer corresponding training suggestions to construct teaching staff with reasonable knowledge structure. Methods The author adopted investigation method by giving questionnaire to 181 nursing teachers that assumed undergraduate course nursing education, the main content included general circumstance, knowledge structure and knowledge requirement of un-dergraduate course nursing teachers in Heilongjiang province. Results Nursing teachers in the fields of knowledge all had low score items, they most lacked foreign languages and expertise knowledge, the ur-gent need was to improve teaching theory and practice of teaching ability. Conclusions Nursing teach-ers possess some weak links in all areas of knowledge to different' extent, and the knowledge structure needs to be further improved. The college leaders should provide targeted training combined with nursing teachers' knowledge needs.

Objective To understand the basic structure of undergraduate nursing education teachers in Heilongjiang province in order to provide the scientific reference for the construction of our provincal nurse teachers troop.Methods Using self-made questionnaires and in the form of mail,the investigation about the basic structure and existing problems of undergraduate nursing education teachers in Heilongjiang province was carried out from December 2006 to March 2007.Results The finding was that at present some disparities existed between the basic situation of the teachers troop and higher nursing education development request.Number of professional and part-time teachers bad very wide difference;the professional title distribution was unreasonable in various schools and the proportion of double-teacher type was somewhat low,education background levels were different and the teachers who had hish education qualification were scarce;the teachers'insufficient teaching experience caused the poor teaching basic skills and so on.Conclusions There exists certain problems in undergraduate nursing education teachers in Heilongjiang province.Not until the positive countermeasures according to the cause were taken,can we construct a nursing teachers troop which has the required education background,the reasonable structure and the developmental potential.

Background and purpose:Apollon gene is highly expressed in leukemia and other tumors. The study aimed to discuss whether RNAi technology can reverse multidrug resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 through constructing a eukaryotic vector of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting at Apollon gene. Methods:The eukaryotic vector pGPHI-GFP-Neo-Apollon with shRNA targeting at Apollon gene was constructed and then transfected into K562 cells by LipofectamineTM2000, and G418 pressure selection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunolfuorescence were used to detect the expression of Apollon mRNA and protein after Apollon was transfected stably in K562 cells. The changes of sensitivity of K562 cells to leurocristine (VCR) and etoposide (VP16) after transfection with shRNA-Apollon were detected by MTT method, and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Results: pGPHI-GFP-Neo-Apollon carrier was constructed successfully and expressed stably in K562 cells, and after G418 screening, it silenced Apollon mRNA and protein expression effectively. According to the result of MTT, the sensitivity of K562 cells to VCR and VP16 increased significantly in the group of gene interference, with half of its inhibition concentration (half-inhibitory, IC50) value signiifcantly lower than the control group (P<0.05);Flow cytometry showed that the cell apoptosis rate was increased signiifcantly (P<0.05), but there was no statistically signiifcant difference in the apoptosis rate between shRNA negative control group and normal control group (P>0.05). Conclusion:pGPHI-GFP-Neo-Apollon carrier can enhance the abilities of VCR and VP16 to induce the apoptosis of K562 cells, namely an increase of sensitivity to these chemotherapeutics in K562 cells, it is hinted that RNA interference targeting Apollon gene may reverse the multidrug resistance of leukemia cells in some degree.

Objective To understand the job burnout conditions of nurses with different education levels in Ningyang county,analyze the influence of education level on job burnout,in order to find strategies to relieve the job burnout,reduce burnout,increase working enthusiasm,then further lower nurse turnover rate and stabilize of the nurse team.Methods A total of 150 nurses in the first hospital of Ningyang county participated in the investigation using Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in December 2012.The survey data underwent statistical analysis.Results The results show that in the dimension of emotional exhaustion,education level showed main effect.While in the dimension of depersonalization and personal accomplishment,the education level showed no main effect.Conclusions Education levels have a significant impact on job burnout of nurses,mainly in the emotional exhaustion dimension.Hospital managers should pay attention to job burnout of nurses with college degree,reduce their occupational burnout through positive changes in personal and organizational factors.

Objective:To explore the eye-movement characteristics and the visual cognitive processing traits of Chinese children with reading disorder (RD) during reading articles in order to offer reference for measures designed for diagnosis and therapy.Methods: Recorded the series data of eye-movement with Eye-link Ⅱ when the children read articles, and analyzed relevant parameter of eye-movement.Essay one is a narrative article chosen from the textbook of the second grade, whose content is simple and there are subject sentences.Essay two is a narrative article chosen from the Neuropsychology, which is an article used to test optic aphasia patient, and the essay has no subject sentence.Results: ①Results of reading comprehend: For the RD children, the reading score of the first narrative article was lower than that in the normal control group (2.2?1.1/2.9?0.5,t=-2.2,P0.05).For the RD children, the reading time of the two articles was longer than that in normal control group (for article one: 119.3?44.1/63.4?20.4, t=4.3,P

Objective:To explore the influence factors and the characters of infant-mother attachment in Guangdong.Methods:“strange situation"essay was used to assess the characters of infant-mother attachment in 75 infants of 8 to 14 months.An self-formulated questionnaire of infants'general status and family related factors were filled by their mothers.Results:(1)Among 75 infants,65.3% were secure-type,34.6% were insecure-type which included 17.3% of indifferent-type, 13.3% of importunate-type,and 4.0% of disorganized-type;(2)The influence factors were age,approachability,relations between infants and fosterers, and the attitude consistency among family members towards infants.Conclusion:Of this investigation, most infants were secure-type.There were some influence factors involved in the characters of infant-mother attachment.

Objective To investigate the effects of Acanthopanax Senticosus Injection (ASI) on free radical metabolism and apoptosis in the hepatic tissue after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods A total of 100 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a sham operation group, a model group, and groups of high-, medium- and low-dose ASI, 20 rats in each group. Seven days before modeling, the drugs had been given by intraperitoneal injection. The rats in the high-, medium- and low-dose groups were given ASI 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg, respectively, and the rats in the sham operation and model groups were given equivalent volume of normal saline. A rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion was induced by partial hepatic pedicle clamping followed by reperfusion. 2 h after reperfusion, the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, GST and the MDA level in the hepatic tissue were determined; the activities of ALT and AST in serum were also determined; the histopathological changes and hepatocyte apoptosis were observed using the HE staining and the TUNEL staining, respectively.Results In comparison with the model group, the activities of SOD (11.16 ± 2.31 U/mg, 10.63 ± 1.92 U/mgvs.7.34 ± 1.78 U/mg;P<0.01 orP<0.05), GSH-Px (15.48 ± 2..91 U/mg, 13.23 ± 1.87 U/mgvs. 10.35 ± 2.04 U/mg;P<0.01 orP<0.05), GST(1.76 ± 0.25 U/mg, 1.55 ± 0.22 U/mgvs.0.94 ± 0.18 U/mg;P<0.01 orP<0.05) in the hepatic tissue in the ASI high- and medium-dose groups were significantly increased; and the MDA level in the hepatic tissue significantly decreased (4.67 ± 1.24 nmol/mg, 4.93 ± 1.53 nmol/mgvs.10.29 ± 2.41 nmol/mg); the serum levels of ALT(671.82 ± 338.37 U/L, 803.91 ± 441.63 U/Lvs.1 416.22 ± 538.94 U/L;P<0.01 orP<0.05), AST(329.02 ± 161.88 U/L, 417.26 ± 182.37 U/Lvs.751.93 ± 262.75 U/L;P<0.01 or P<0.05) were significantly decreased; the histopathological changes and hepatocyte apoptosis in the ASI high-, medium - and low-dose groups were significantly reduced.Conclusions ASI could effectively attenuate oxidative stress in the, improve the histopathological changes, inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis, and protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.