The caudal-type homeobox gene is a member of homeobox gene—Para-HOX family,including CDX1,CDX2 and CDX4.As a transcriptional factor,CDX plays an important role in embryo development,hematopoietic system formation,intestinal epithelium tissue development and so forth.The abnormal expression of CDX is usually closely related with tumorigenesis.Researching the relationship between CDX and tumors will contribute to tumor diagnosis and treatment.

As a member of homeobox gene family,HOXA5 is expressed in many organs and can regulate gene expression,cell differentiation and morphogenesis.Its structure and (or) function abnormalities are closely related to the development of leukemia,breast cancer,brain hemangioma,hepatocellular carcinoma and so on.Researching the relationships between HOXA5 and tumors contributes to cancer diagnosis,treatment and prevention.

Homeobox gene family encode a kind of transcription regulatory factors,which can specifically combine and regulate target genes,control embryonic development,cell proliferation and differentiation.Several subfamilies of homeobox gene famiy are associated with the early stage of differentiation and development of nervous system,whose abnormal expression explain the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases.Further study between homeobox gene family and nervous system can help to prevent and treat that diseases.

The human fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene,which is located at chromosome region 3p14.2.The fragile site FRA3B of the FHIT gene is the most unstable site.FHIT can promote apoptosis,and inhibit cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.High methylation status,loss of the various sections of the FHIT gene,changes of the fragile site FRA3B and abnormalities of FHIT transcripts can result in gene afunction,and then promote the development and progression of various types of cancers.Transfecting wild-type FHIT into tumor cells with low or lacking endogenous FHIT expression can induce apoptosis.The combined treatment with other genes may provide a new insight for the treatment of tumors.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) is a new anti-tumor biological agents which is very hot in recent years through its death receptor-induced apoptosis of tumor cells,and non-toxic to normal cells,and has synergy with the chemotherapy drug,but there is also resistance mechanisms.This article will review the biological characteristics of TRAIL and its receptors,TRAIL-induced apoptosis of tumor cells,as well as the mechanism of TRAIL in leukemia in the progress of treatment.

As a member of homeobox gene family,HOXC is expressed in many organs and can regulate gene expression,cell differentiation and morphogenesis.Abnormality of its function is closely related to the prognosis of leukemia,breast cancer,renal cell carcinoma,prostate cancer and so on.

FOX genes code transcription factors. FOXO3a,FOXM1,FOXP3 are members of FOX genes family,which are associated with leukemia. Phosphorylated FOXO3a which loses the function of suppressing leu-kemia is inactive. Phosphorylated FOXO3a expresses in leukemic cell cytoplasm. FOXM1 is an oncogenesis tran-scription factor. FOXM1 highly expresses in myeloid leukemic cells. Expression of FOXP3 in leukemic cells has diversity. FOXP3 mainly expresses in T cell leukemic cells. These genes abrrant expressions play a key role in leukemia pathogenesis,development,therapy,drug resistance and prognosis.

HA1 1 7,as a multiple drug resistance(MDR)gene,has recently been discovered.It may mediate the MDR of tumor through Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathways.HA1 1 7 gene exists high expression in leuke-mia,lymphoma,breast cancer,neuroblastoma,colon adenocarcinoma and so on,and its overexpression is closely associated with the MDR and poor prognosis of these tumors.

The SF3B1 gene encodes subunit 1 of the splicing factor 3b,which is a core component of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein and plays an important role in the process of RNA splicing. Abnormal splicing caused by SF3B1 mutations are associated with hematological malignancies,particularly with myelodys-plastic syndrome,refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia( CLL) . In myelodysplastic syndrome and refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts associat-ed with marked thrombocytosis,SF3B1 mutations are bond up with favorable prognosis and strongly with ring sideroblasts. But in CLL,SF3B1 mutations are factors of poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND: It remains poorly understood regarding the incidence of panel reactive antibody (PRA) production and its influence to renal function and long-term survival in China. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of PRA after living renal transplant, so as to provide reference for predicting long-term renal survival. METHODS: A total of 54 patients who received living renal transplantation in Beijing Friendship Hospital from March 2005 and October 2007, were selected. PRA, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen level were detected 1-2 years after transplantation. PRA assay was conducted using One Lambda ELISA HLA-Ⅰ +Ⅱ antigen tray. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen data were offered by clinical laboratory. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 12.96% (7/54) patients showed PRA positive after transplantation, with HLA-Ⅱ antibody positive in 6 patients, and HLA-Ⅰ + Ⅱ antibody positive in 1 patient. In these 7 patients, 6 underwent primary transplantation, and PRA negative before transplantation; 1 patient underwent transplantation for the second time, and HLA-Ⅱ antibody positive before transplantation. Creatine and urea nitrogen level were abnormal in 1 patient with HLA-Ⅰ + ⅠⅡ antibody positive and 2 patients with HLA-Ⅱ antibody highly positive. Creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were normal in 4 patients with low level HLA-Ⅱ antibody. Results show that HLA-Ⅰ +Ⅱ antibody positive and high level HLA-Ⅱ antibody affect renal function in living renal recipients, but low level HLA-Ⅱ antibody has no effect on renal function.