Objective: To describe the current status of the prevalence of co-morbid myopia and obesity among 7-18 years students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021 and to analyze the moderating effect of lifestyle in this association ，so as to provide scientific basis for the establishment of the mechanism of Co-morbidity，Shared Etiology，and Shared Prevention of common diseases in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 139 630 primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method in September,2021. Myopia was determined using distance visual acuity examination and refractive error examination, and obesity was determined according to the BMI classification criteria for overweight, obesity screening of Chinese school age children and adolescents. Used a questionnaire, healthy lifestyles were determined according to the American Heart Association s Healthy Lifestyle Score by totaling the six scores for smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, exercise, screen time, and sleep duration.The χ 2 test was used to compare the association between group differences in the co-morbidity rate of myopia and obesity. The multivariable Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of the co-morbidity of myopia and obesity, and the stratified analysis was used to analyze the moderating effect of lifestyles on the prevalence of the co-morbidity. Results: The prevalence of myopia and obesity co-morbidity among students aged 7-18 years old in the Inner Mongolia Autonmous Region in 2021 was 13.7%, higher among boys than girls ( 15.5 % vs. 11.8%), higher among those aged 10-12 years old than 7-9,13-15,and 16-18 years old (14.7%,13.7%, 13.3%, 12.0%), higher among other ethnic minorities than Han Chinese and Mongolians (15.3%, 14.0%, 12.5%), higher in urban areas than that in suburban areas(15.3%, 13.0%), and middle economic level tracts were higher than poor and good tracts (14.8%, 12.9 %, 12.6%) ( χ 2=392.37，115.73，62.80，119.02，121.60, P <0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression modeling showed that unhealthy lifestyles ( OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.19-1.29 ) and middle level of lifestyle score ( OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.10-1.19 ) students had higher prevalence of co-morbidity, and the results were statistically significant among both boys and girls, the age groups of 10- 12, 13-15, and 16-18 years old, as well as the Han and Mongolian ethnic groups (all P <0.05). Conclusion In 2021, the current situation of myopia and obesity co-morbidity and unhealthy lifestyles among primary and secondary school students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are not optimistic.

The hydroponic culture test method was used to study the physiological and biochemical responses of Paulownia fortunei seedlings under Zn stress, Cd stress, and combined Zn and Cd stress as well as changes in the enrichment and transfer characteristics of heavy metals. Under single and combined heavy metal stress, the biomass, plant height, and peroxidase (POD) activity of P. fortunei decreased as the treatment concentration increased. Combined Zn and Cd affected adversely plant height and biomass. As the concentration of Zn increased when applied alone, the chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activity of P. fortunei first increased and then decreased, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, and the aboveground malondialdehyde (MDA) content first decreased and then increased. As the concentration of Cd increased when applied alone, chlorophyll content and CAT activity increased, and SOD activity and aboveground MDA content first increased and then decreased. Under both Cd and Zn, the physiological response was more complex. Cd in the seedlings of P. fortunei was concentrated in the root. In contrast, Zn was concentrated in the upper part of the ground, and its transfer coefficient was greater than 1.00. Thus, the addition of Zn promotes the transfer of heavy metals to the above-ground portions of plants. Generally, P. fortunei can effectively promote ecological restoration under complex forms of heavy metal pollution.
Cadmium ; Chlorophyll ; Metals, Heavy ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Seedlings ; Soil Pollutants ; Stress, Physiological ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Zinc

Objective: To evaluate the association between nocturnal sleep duration and behavioral problems in Chinese school-age Children, and to provide reference for the development of recommended nocturnal sleep duration for school-age children. Methods: A total of 4 160 school-age children selected through cluster random sampling in Guangzhou urban areas. Caregivers reported children’s behavioral problems and sleep habits using parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and sleep quality questionnaires. Results: The average nocturnal sleep duration per day of school-age children is (9.07±0.76)h, the proportion of children having slept less than 9 h/d was 46%(1 912). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sleep duration among children with different chronotype and maternal education levels(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in children’s sedentary behavior duration and nap duration at different sleep duration(P<0.05). The association between children’s nocturnal sleep duration and behavioral problems was typically nonlinear and U-shaped(P<0.05). The inflection points of nocturnal sleep duration for total difficulties, emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems were 9.65, 9.25, 9.42 and 9.30 h, respectively. Conclusion Nocturnal sleep duration shows a nonlinear association with behavioral problems in school-age children. The optimal range of nocturnal sleep duration for mental health is between 9 to 10 hours and the problems of psychological behavior were the least among school-age children.

Objective: To understand literacy development of school-aged children of grade 2-5 and its influencing factors in Guangzhou,and to provide a reference for the reform of the teaching of Chinese subject. Methods: By using cluster sampling method, 1 661 school-age children from grade 2 to grade 5 from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou were selected. The self-designed questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data of the participants. The Primary School Literacy Assessment Scale and the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities was used to evaluate the literacy and the cognitive characteristics of participants. Results: The average literacy of children of grade 2 to grade 5 in Guangzhou was as follows: grade 2 was (1 159±295), grade 3 was (1 919±394), grade 4 was (2 599±365), grade 5 was (2 947±303), higher than the norm(P<0.01). The average literacy of grade 2 students was lower than the national curriculum requirements while students of grade 3 to grade 5 met the requirements. Univariate analysis found differences in literacy among school-age children based on gender, reading experience before age 6, and parental education background (P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that grade (β=607.04), preschool reading experience (β=109.89), father’s education (β=27.14), language factor (β=27.21), social behavior (β=16.03) was positively correlated with literacy in boys (P<0.05). Grade (β=603.53), auditory comprehension and memory (β=29.39), language factor (β=16.74) was positively correlated with the literacy of girls (P<0.05), while time and orientation judgments were negatively correlated with the literacy of both boys (β=-18.95) and girls (β=-21.93) (P<0.05). Conclusion The literacy level of school-age children in grade 2 to 5 in Guangzhou has reached the national literacy requirements with students in grade 2 being relatively lower. Literacy is related to grade, preschool reading experience, father’s education, and child’s cognitive characteristics. Factors affecting literacy in boys and girls are different. Literacy education should vary according to gender.

Objective: This study aims to explore the influence of birth order and age difference on the emotional and behavioral problems among children from two-child family, so as to provide advice on parenting. Methods: A total of 482 students in grades 2 to 5 from the 5 primary schools in Guangzhou were selected, all of whom came from two-child families (excluding twin children). Emotional and behavioral problems were investigated by using the Conner’s Parental Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). Results: Among children from two-child families, higher prevalence of behavioral problems, learning problems, impulsive hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in older compared with younger children (β=-0.09，-0.16，-0.09，-0.10,P<0.05). The scores of behavioral problems and hyperactivity index were significantly higher among those of children who were 6-9 years older than young siblings, compared to those who were 0-3 years older than younger siblings(β=0.20,0.21,P<0.05). No similar pattern was found among the younger siblings(P>0.05). Conclusion Among school-age children from two-child families, emotional and behavioral problems of the elder ones were more serious than the younger ones’. Age difference between siblings shows impact on the emotional and behavioral development among elder children, however no significant impact is noticed among the younger ones.

Objective? To expLore the effects of network interactive heaLth education on iLLness uncertainty, anxiety and nursing satisfaction of famiLy members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods? From March 2017 to February 2018, we seLected 166 famiLy members of ICU patients at a CLass ⅢGrade A hospitaL in Daqing City as subjects by convenience sampLing. ALL of the famiLy members were divided into controL group (n=78) and observation group (n=88) according to the admission order of patients to ICU. ControL group impLemented routine heaLth education. On the basis of that in controL group, observation group carried out network interactive heaLth education. The iLLness uncertainty, anxiety and nursing satisfaction of famiLy members were compared between two groups two weeks after intervention. ResuLts? After intervention, the scores of iLLness uncertainty and SeLf-Rating Anxiety ScaLe (SAS) of observation group were (72.10±3.68) and (40.13±4.63) respectiveLy Lower than those of controL group with statisticaL differences (t=5.10, 3.59; P＜0.05);the famiLy members' satisfactions with nursing care of observation group and controL group were 97.7% and 93.6% respectiveLy with no statisticaL difference (P＞ 0.05). ConcLusions? Network interactive heaLth education can reduce the iLLness uncertainty and anxiety of ICU patients' famiLy members which is worthy of cLinicaL generaLization.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods From October 2015 to October 2016,one hundred and fifty-one elderly hypertensive patients treated in the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technologywere selected as the observation group,and 151 healthy subjects in the same period were enrolled in the control group.The blood pressure measurement and cognitive function evaluation were given to analyze the influencing factors of elderly hypertensive patients with cognitive dysfunction.Results Diastolic pressure ((98.5 ±4.2) mmHg),systolic pressure ((157.6 ± 8.9) mmHg),pulse pressure ((59.1 ± 4.3) mmHg) and cognitive impairment rate(27.2％) in observation group were higher than those in the control group((82.7±3.6 mmHg,(122.4± 6.8) mmHg,(39.7 ± 2.5) mmHg,0.0％),the differences were statistically significant (t =4.951,5.868,8.128,P＜ 0.05).The language fluency ((2.5 ± 0.2) points),memory ability ((2.7 ± 0.4) points),visual spatial executive ability ((2.9±0.2) points),naming ability ((2.6±0.1 points),abstract generalization ability ((1.7±0.2) points),orientation ability ((5.0 ± 0.4) points),attention and calculation ability ((5.1 ±0.3) points),total score ((22.5±0.8) points)in observation group were lower than those in the control group ((2.8±0.1) points,(4.8 ± 0.2) points,(4.7 ± 0.3) points,(2.8 ± 0.2) points,(1.9 ± 0.1) points,(5.7 ±0.1) points,(5.7±0.2) points,(28.4±0.6) points) (t=4.202,10.778,9.206,3.769,4.173,4.405,4.278,5.727,P＜0.05).Diastolic pressure ((103.7 ± 2.5)mmHg),systolic pressure ((164.8 ±4.1) mmHg),pulse pressure((64.5± 1.6) mmHg)in patients with cognitive dysfunction were higher than those in patients without cognitive dysfunction ((92.6±2.8) mmHg,(145.7±3.9) mmHg,(46.3± 1.5) mmHg) (t =4.195,4.310,6.913,P＜0.05).Age distribution (≤65 years old in 9 cases,＞65 years old in 32 cases),BMI index distribution (≤24 kg/m2 in 11 cases,＞24 kg/m2 in 30 cases) in patients without cognitive dysfunction were better than those in patients with cognitive dysfunction ((≤ 65 yeas old in 64 cases,＞ 65 years old in 46 cases),(≤ 24 kg/m2 in 68 cases,＞ 24 kg/m2 in 42 cases)).The differences were statistically significant (x2 =15.700,14.657,P ＜ 0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients was related to age,BMI index,diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure (OR (95％CI):4.265 (2.038 ～ 8.927),3.991 (1.956～8.142),3.294 (1.532 ～ 7.084),3.521 (1.640 ～ 7.561),5 (2.375 ～10.528);P=0.000).Condusion Age,BMI index,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,pulse pressure are influencing factors in elderly hypertension patients with cognitive dysfunction.

Cerebral ischemia,brain tumor,and spinal cord injury (SCI) are the central nerve disease which usually cause irreversible,severe neurologic deficits or death.Inflammation plays a key role in the associated secondary damage after central nervous system (CNS) injury.Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) excessive activation has been closely implicated in the initiation and progression of inflammation.Previous studies have shown that through depressing CNS inflammation,EGFR inhibitors may play a role in the therapeutic treatment of CNS disorders.We mainly reviewed the mechanisms of EGFR signaling pathway activation mediating inflammatory damage in CNS.

Objective To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug resistance condition in patients after lung transplantation so as to guide the reasonable use of antibiotics.Methods The clinical specimens from 242 lung transplantation patients in Wuxi People's Hospital between Jan.2010 to Dec.2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 242 patients,182 were males and 60 were females with the average age of (52 ± 15) years old.Automatic analysis instrument VITEK-2 was applied for pathogen detection and K-B method was used to test drug resistance.Results From 2373specimens,1005 strains of pathogens were isolated and the detection rate was 42.35％ (1005/2373),in which gram-negative bacteria accounted for 81.79％ (822/1005).The specimens mainly resulted from sputum (76.19 ％) and bronchoalveolar lavage (19.76 ％).Among those strains,acinetobacter baumannii (28.76％),pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.62％),klebsiella pneumonia (14.33％),escherichia coli (5.57％) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (4.88％) ranked the top five species.Acinetobacter baumannii strains were highly resistant to most of antibiotic agents,with the drug resistant rate from 59.52％ to 100％,except cefperazone-sulbactam (＜ 50％).Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were highly resistant to cefazolin,ceftriaxone,cefotetan,ampicillin,ampicillinsulbactam with the resistance rate of 80.24％-98.80％,while compared to other anibiotics with the resistance rate less than 50％.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains with intrinsic drug resistance to imipenem were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,cefperazone-sulbactam,piperacillintazobactam,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin with the drug resistance rate of 12.24％,14.29％,32.65％,16.33％ and 18.37％ respectively.Klebsiella Klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli,whose resistant rate to ceftazidime,cefperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,aztreonam,amikacin and tobramycin was all less than 50％,were highly sensitive to imipenem,with the resistance rate of 24.31％ and 7.14％ respectively.Gram-positive bacteria were accounted for 9.35％,mainly Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidemics,and drug resistant rate of them to vancomycin was all less than 20.00％.Fungi were accounted for 8.86％,mainly Candida albicans and Filamentous fungi,whose drug resistance rate to 5 antifungal drugs was less than 20.00％.The drug resistance rate of C.glabrata strains and C.krusei strains to fluconazole was 80.00％ and 100.00％,respectively.Conclusion The incidence of gram-negative bacteria infection and multiple bacterial strain infection in patients after lung transplantation is very high and the nonfermentation bacteria are highly resistant to multiple antibiotics.So,the rational antibiotics' use inclinical practice should be based on drug sensitivity results in order to improve the lung transplant recipients' survival rate.