Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, the modern medical researches and treatments of diabetic nephropathy have some progress, but the treatment delaying the progress of renal function is still unknown. Many clinical practices showed that the traditional Chinese medicine on this disease was effective. Thus, this paper was to summarize the traditional Chinese medicine view of etiology and pathogenesis, clinical researches, experimental researches in order provide reference for clinical treatment.

Objective: To probe the TCM standardized terminology of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The research was carried by analyzing the previous literature and understanding on diabetic nephropathy of TCM in mordern time. Results: The result indicated that xiaoke nephropathy was the most appropriate TCM standardized terminology of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion: The TCM standardized terminology of diabetic nephropathy was xiaoke nephropathy

Objective To explore the influence of DaHuang on renal expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in diabetes mellitus rats. Methods After the DM rat model was made, 24 DM rats were selected randomly and divided into a model group (12 DM rats) and a Rhubarb group group were given pure water in equal amount every day. 8 weeks later, kidney was cut to make pathological slice and method of SP immunohistochemistry was adopted for staining. Observed the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Result The renal expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the rhubarb group and the model group were obviously increased compared with the normal group (P<0.05). The renal expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the rhubarb group was obviously weaker than the normal group(P<0.05). Conclusion Rhubarb could obviously inhibit the renal expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in diabetes mellitus rats and protect kidney of diabetes mellitus rats.

Recently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches on diabetic peripheral neuropathy made great progress. It is found that theetiology and pathogenesis was the deficiency in origin and the ecessive in superficialty. The deficiencyincluded Yin deficiency, Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, deficiency of both Qi and Yin, Yang deficiency, while the ecessive in superficialty included blood stasis, stasis of phlegm and blood. Thus, the principles of treatment were supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin, warming Yang, promoting blood and removing blood stasis, and smooth Luo, all of which showed the characteristics of TCM treatment were combination of inside and outside, and multi-target effects. This paper reviewed the progress of clinical and experimental studies on the TCM for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To observe the effect of Qingrequzhuo capsule on blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes metabolism syndrome. Methods 72 cases with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group. Based on the conventional treatment, the treatment group was treated with Qingrequzhuo capsule, 5 tablets/time, 3 times/d; While the control group was treated with ramipril tablets 2.5 mg, 1 times/d, respectively. After 3 months, the value of blood pressure and blood lipids were observed. Results After treatment, the blood pressure and blood lipid were significantly improved in both groups(P<0.05), but no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Besides improving blood lipids, Qingrequzhuo capsule can also reduce high blood pressure and improve a variety of risk factors to cardiovascular disease.

The paper summarized the literature in recent 5 years about the researches on the metabolic syndrome (MS) in traditional Chinese medicine. The paper discussed the etiology and pathogenesis, summarized the clinical research and experiment of traditional Chinese medicine for MS.

Type 2 diabetes macrovascular disease is the main cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, the modern medical research and treatment of type 2 diabetes macrovascular disease has made some progress, but the international clinical trials suggest that the current treatment can not effectively reduce the incidence of this disease. Many clinical practices show that the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on this disease is exact, so that the clinical workers on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus macrovascular disease of the status quo, now from the etiology and pathogenesis,clinical research, experimental research on the literature published in recent years, to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) attributed it to theXiaoke disease andBizheng, with the views ofLuo disease and its TCM patterns differentiation. Based on the treatment for deficiency,Tongluo drugs were added and they made good curative effect. Recently the TCM researches on it have been deepened in the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, experimental and clinical research, which showed some new under standings. Thus, this paper summarized the relevant researches.

Objective To implement and evaluate evidence-based guidelines for enteral nutrition support in acute stroke patients with dysphagia.Methods This study is a prospective before and after comparison study.Collected 200 acute stroke patients with dysphagia and divided them into test group (trained medical staffs) and control group(untrained medical staffs) equally according to the time order.Two groups of 100 patients were surveyed using a checklist before and after implementation of 10 guidelines about nutrition support.Before the implementation of guidelines,the staffs were enforced training,and summarized regularly.Compliances with guidelines by doctors and nurses were compared,and outcomes of patients were assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the correct implementation of the project significantly improved in the experimental group on nutritional risk screening (92.0％,64.0％; x2 =22.840),nutritional supplements selection (80.0％,48.0％; x2 =22.220),nutrition infusion methods (90％,18％ ; x2 =1.040) and nutrition infusion adjustment (abdominal distension/adjusted:21/10,6/4;x2 =9.634,constipation/adjusted:41/40,57/53 ; x2 =5.122,all P ＜ 0.05).The mortality rate,poor prognosis and length of stay in department of neurology intensive care unit and in hospital were not significant different between the experimental group and the control group.The incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia was significantly lower in the experimental group (44.3％) than that in the control group (67.5％,x2 =7.281,P =0.007),but other patient outcomes were unaffected significantly.Conclusion Implementation of evidence-based guidelines for enteral nutrition support in acute stroke patients with dysphagia is associated with improvements in clinical quality and selected patient outcomes.