Aim To study the inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase by dihydromyricetin and its kinetics analysis in liver of mice.Methods Mouse liver cytochyma enzyme was obtained by different velocity centrifugation,the mouse liver glutathione-S-transferase of michaelis constant(Km),maximum velocity(Vmax)and the inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase by dihydromyricetin of 50% inhibiting concentration(IC50),inhibition constant(Ki),the type of inhibition were calculated by Lineweaver-Burk and the low of semi-effect-probit.Results It was found that dihydromyricetin inhibited the glutathione-S-transferase activity with an IC50 of(121.14?13.66)?mol?L~-1.Kinetics analysis showed the Km was 0.1460 mmol?L~-1 and Vmax was 175.44 U?mg~-1 for reduced glutathione(GSH)substrate and 0.0937 mmol?L~-1(Km)and 212.77 U?mg~-1(Vmax)for 1-chloro-2,4,-dinitrobenzene(CDNB)substrate.Kinetics studies of dihydromyricetin on glutathione-S-transferase showed the inhibition was competitive with GSH and noncompetitive with CDNB,and the inhibition constant was 0.22 mmol?L~-1 with GSH and 0.54 mmol?L~1 with CDNB.Conclusion Dihydromyricetin can inhibit the glutathione-S-transferase activity in liver of mice.

Various kinds of flavanoids such as flavone,flavonol,flavanone,isoflavone,flavanol and so on,have protective effects on the liver injuries,which are induced by chemicals,drugs,immunostimulation,alcohol and hepatic ischemia reperfusion in some degree.These kinds of protection are relevant to the function of flavanoids such as elimination of free radical,resistance of oxidation,resistance of lipid peroxidation,adjustment of immune function and so on.The study of the effect of flavanoids on animal experimental liver injury plays an important role in the development of drugs for prevention and treatment of liver diseases.This article is to summarize the research progress of the effect of flavanoids on experimental liver injury of animals.

Objective To study the effect of listening to music with headphone or background music on pain reduction of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Methods 180 patients undergoing colonoscopy were randondy selected as the headphone group,background music group and the control group.The headphone group listened to relaxed music with headphone after measurement of vital signs.The background music group listened to relaxed music played by CD after measurement of vital signs.The control group did not listen to music.Pain degree was measured by pain intensity number scale during colonoscopy.Heart rate,blood pressure,saturation of blood oxygen and appraisal to the music by the former two groups were observed.Results Pain degree of the headphone group and the background music group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Pain degree of the headphone group was lower than that of the background music group with no significant difference(P＞0.05).Heart rate of the control group after colonoscopy was faster than before colonoscopy(P＜0.05).Conclusions Relaxed music can alleviate pain of patients undergoing colonoscopy.Listening to background music is a convenient and economical method for alleviation of pain without any side effects for patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Objective To study the effects of intrinsic ganglionated plexi on the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation(AF)in canines induced by rapid atrial pacing.Methods Atrial efficient refractory period(AERP)and the dispersion of AERP were obtained in 13 healthy mongrel dogs before paced at 600 bpm.The fat pads containing the ganglionated plexi located on the junction of right superior pulmonary vein and atrium in 7 dogs were excided(denervation group),while the fat pad in the other 6 dogs were kept(control group).The time for the emerge of sustained AF was recorded.Atrial efficient refractory period(AERP)and the dispersion of AERP were also determined.Results There was statistical difference in the time for the emergence of sustained AF.In denervation group,it took more time than the control group(120?67 h vs 80?52 h,P

The optimum medium and fermentation conditions of the Xenorhabdus nematophilus from Steinernema carpocapsae BJ strain were studied. The relationship between antibiotic activity and pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, amino-nitrogen in process of fermentation was analyzed. The optimal medium contained tryptonl. 5 %, corn powderl o4, soybean flour 3 %, sucrose1 %KH2PO4 0.02 % ,MgSO4 0. 2% and activator 0. 1%, Stock cultured for 16h, inoculum size at 4%(V/V)and primary pH of medium ranged from 6.0 to 8.0, fermentation for 72h were of benefit to the yield of antibiotic. The pH, reducing sugar, total sugar and amino nitrogen in process of fermentation were related to the antibiotic activity. The yield of antibiotic increased by 56. 3 % comparison with nutrient broth.

The optimum medium and fermentation conditions of the Xenorhabdus nematophilus from Steinernema carpocapsae BJ strain were studied. The relationship between antibiotic activity and pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, amino nitrogen in process of fermentation was analyzed. The optimal medium contained trypton1.5%, corn powder1%, soybean flour 3%, sucrose1%, KH 2PO 4 0.02%,MgSO 4 0.2% and activator 0.1%, Stock cultured for 16h, inoculum size at 4%(V/V)and primary pH of medium ranged from 6.0 to 8.0, fermentation for 72h were of benefit to the yield of antibiotic. The pH, reducing sugar,total sugar and amino nitrogen in process of fermentation were related to the antibiotic activity. The yield of antibiotic increased by 56.3% comparison with nutrient broth.

OBJECTIVE:To preparation Ru'an mixture,and establish its quality standard and observe its therapeutic efficacy.METHODS:Ru'an mixture was prepared with Radix Bupleuri and Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Angelicae Sinensis as raw material.Radix Bupleuri,Radix Paeoniae Alba,and Radix Angelicae Sinensis were identified by TLC and the content of Tanshinol was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The TLC spots of Radix Bupleuri,Radix Paeoniae Alba,and Radix Angelicae Sinensis were all clear.The linear range of Tanshinol was 0.203～2.030?g(r=0.999 8).The total effect rate in Ru' CONCLUSION:Ru'an mixture is reasonable in preparation technique,controllable in quality.

AIM: To evaluate the potential acylation stimulating protein (ASP) resistance in both adipocytes and preadipocytes under the conditions by which insulin resistance is produced by the stimulation of free fatty acids (FFA), and to explore the mechanism of ASP resistance on post-receptor level. METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate. Then the cells were treated with oleate or palmitate at concentration of 0 mmol/L (FFA-free DMEM/F12), 0.125 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L or 1.0 mmol/L overnight. Glucose transport was assessed by [~3H] 2-deoxyglucose uptake to evaluate insulin resistance and ASP resistance. Both non-FFA treated and FFA treated 3T3-L1 cells were cultured with ASP at concentration of 5.0 μmol/L for 4 h, then the cell proteins were extracted, and the expressions of guanine nucleotide binding protein beta (Gβ), guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-q/11(Gαq/11), phosphorylated-protein kinase Cα (p-PKCα) and phosphorylated-protein kinase Cζ (p-PKCζ) were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Both adipocytes and preadipocytes were responsive to ASP. ASP stimulation increased glucose transport by 198% in adipocytes and by 287% in preadipocytes (P<0.01 vs PBS). FFA at concentration of 0.125 mmol/L did not change ASP-stimulated glucose transport significantly, but high dose of oleate or palmitate effectively reduced the ASP response with a significant reduction by 47% (P<0.05 for oleate) and 34% (P<0.05 for palmitate) at 1 mmol/L FFA in adipocytes. Similarly in preadipocytes, glucose uptake rates were decreased by 43% (P<0.05 for oleate) and 62% (P<0.01 for palmitate) at 1 mmol/L FFA. Effects were comparable to those obtained with insulin. After overnight incubation with oleate or palmitate in adipocytes and preadipocytes, Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ were downregulated both in the absence of ASP treatment and in the presence of ASP treatment in adipocytes. At concentration of 1.0 mmol/L, oleate inhibited the expressions of ASP-induced Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ in adipocytes by 47%, 44%, 39% (P<0.05, P<0.01) and 20% (P>0.05), respectively. Palmitate also effectively blocked the expressions of ASP (at concentration of 1.0 mmol/L)-induced Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ by 50%, 43%, 44% and 43% (P<0.05, P<0.01) in adipocytes. In preadipocytes, oleate only inhibited ASP-induced p-PKCα and p-PKCζ significantly by 39% and 19%, respectively (P<0.05). However, overnight exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to 1 mmol/L palmitate leaded to 45%, 50%, 52% and 21% (P<0.05, P<0.01) inhibition of ASP-induced expressions of Gβ, Gαq/11, p-PKCα and p-PKCζ, respectively. CONCLUSION: Oleate and palmitate inhibit ASP-mediated stimulation of glucose transport both in adipocytes and preadipocytes. The study provides direct evidence of ASP resistance under the condition of insulin resistance induced by FFA in a cellular model. The mechanism of action involves both changes in expression of C5L2 as well as signaling parameters. Fatty acid-induced ASP resistance may contribute to the physiological abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and obesity phenotype.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis(IE)by exploring its causes,pathogenic microorganism and clinicsI characteristics.Methods The clinical data of 120 IE patients treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 1997 to September 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 120 consecutive cascs diagnosed as IE according to the Duke's new criteria,79 were male and 41 female with a average age of(43.2±16.7)years old.Twelve cases were prosthetic valve endocarditis(PVE)and 108 cases native valve endocarditis(NVE)and there were no previously known heart diseases in 29 of the cases.Seventy-nine of the 108(73.1%)NVE patients had basic cardiac abnormalifies before IE diagnosis,such as congenital cardiovascular disease(30 cases),idiopathic mitral valve prolapse(23 cases)and rheumatic heart disease(11 cases).Fever(100.0%),anemia(54.2%)and embolism(48.3%)were the most common clinical manifestations in the IE development.Of the 83 patients who had a positive blood culture result,Streptococcus vividaus(51.8%)was the most common isolated microorganism.Conclusions Congenital cardiovascular diseases and idiopathic mitral valve prolapse are the two most commonly heart diseases in IE.Blood culture and echocardiogram should always be done to exclude IE,especially presenting with fever of unknown reasons.

Objective To investigate the vasopressin (VP) response to increasing osmotic pressure in the late-phase of septic shock patients.Methods Thirty-seven septic shock patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical Unive~ity from January 2012 to September 2013 were enrolled.All patients received 3％ hypertonic saline solution infusion.Serum concentrations of VP and sodium were measured before and after hypertonic saline solution infusion.Patients with ratio of difference in VP and sodium before and after infusion of 3％ hypertonic saline (△VP/△Na) ≤0.5 pg/mmol were defined as nonresponders,and who ＞0.5 pg/mmol defined as responders.The age,acute physiological and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score,blood pressure,albumin level,vasoactive drug between the two groups were also analyzed.Results VP level in the nonresponsive group (n=20,54.05％) was markedly lowered before (ng/L:10.41 ± 1.70 vs.18.25 ± 5.90,t=5.29,P＜0.01) and after (ng/L:11.36 ± 1.90 vs.24.33 ± 5.46,t=9.33,P＜0.01) 3％ hypertonic saline solution infusion,compared with that in the responsive group (n =17,45.95％).All patients in the two groups were given dopamine (DA) or norepinephrine (NE) for maintaining blood pressure,and the dose in the nonresponsive group were higher than those in the responsive group [DA (μg· kg-1· min-1):14.91 ± 3.78 vs.8.64 ± 1.69,t =-5.02,P＜ 0.01 ; NE (μg· kg-1· min-1):1.03 ± 0.48 vs.0.38 ± 0.12,t=-3.12,P＜0.01].Three patients were given DA plus NE in the nonresponsive group while patients in the responsive group received only single drug therapy.The age,APACHE Ⅱ score,blood pressure,albumin level,sodium level before and after hypertonic saline solution infusion between the two groups were not statistically different.Conclusion VP secretion to osmotic challenge was impaired and decreased in the late-phase of septic shock,prompting dysfunction in VP synthesis.