Aim To study the inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase by dihydromyricetin and its kinetics analysis in liver of mice.Methods Mouse liver cytochyma enzyme was obtained by different velocity centrifugation,the mouse liver glutathione-S-transferase of michaelis constant(Km),maximum velocity(Vmax)and the inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase by dihydromyricetin of 50% inhibiting concentration(IC50),inhibition constant(Ki),the type of inhibition were calculated by Lineweaver-Burk and the low of semi-effect-probit.Results It was found that dihydromyricetin inhibited the glutathione-S-transferase activity with an IC50 of(121.14?13.66)?mol?L~-1.Kinetics analysis showed the Km was 0.1460 mmol?L~-1 and Vmax was 175.44 U?mg~-1 for reduced glutathione(GSH)substrate and 0.0937 mmol?L~-1(Km)and 212.77 U?mg~-1(Vmax)for 1-chloro-2,4,-dinitrobenzene(CDNB)substrate.Kinetics studies of dihydromyricetin on glutathione-S-transferase showed the inhibition was competitive with GSH and noncompetitive with CDNB,and the inhibition constant was 0.22 mmol?L~-1 with GSH and 0.54 mmol?L~1 with CDNB.Conclusion Dihydromyricetin can inhibit the glutathione-S-transferase activity in liver of mice.

Various kinds of flavanoids such as flavone,flavonol,flavanone,isoflavone,flavanol and so on,have protective effects on the liver injuries,which are induced by chemicals,drugs,immunostimulation,alcohol and hepatic ischemia reperfusion in some degree.These kinds of protection are relevant to the function of flavanoids such as elimination of free radical,resistance of oxidation,resistance of lipid peroxidation,adjustment of immune function and so on.The study of the effect of flavanoids on animal experimental liver injury plays an important role in the development of drugs for prevention and treatment of liver diseases.This article is to summarize the research progress of the effect of flavanoids on experimental liver injury of animals.

Objective To study the effect of listening to music with headphone or background music on pain reduction of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Methods 180 patients undergoing colonoscopy were randondy selected as the headphone group,background music group and the control group.The headphone group listened to relaxed music with headphone after measurement of vital signs.The background music group listened to relaxed music played by CD after measurement of vital signs.The control group did not listen to music.Pain degree was measured by pain intensity number scale during colonoscopy.Heart rate,blood pressure,saturation of blood oxygen and appraisal to the music by the former two groups were observed.Results Pain degree of the headphone group and the background music group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Pain degree of the headphone group was lower than that of the background music group with no significant difference(P＞0.05).Heart rate of the control group after colonoscopy was faster than before colonoscopy(P＜0.05).Conclusions Relaxed music can alleviate pain of patients undergoing colonoscopy.Listening to background music is a convenient and economical method for alleviation of pain without any side effects for patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Objective To study the effects of intrinsic ganglionated plexi on the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation(AF)in canines induced by rapid atrial pacing.Methods Atrial efficient refractory period(AERP)and the dispersion of AERP were obtained in 13 healthy mongrel dogs before paced at 600 bpm.The fat pads containing the ganglionated plexi located on the junction of right superior pulmonary vein and atrium in 7 dogs were excided(denervation group),while the fat pad in the other 6 dogs were kept(control group).The time for the emerge of sustained AF was recorded.Atrial efficient refractory period(AERP)and the dispersion of AERP were also determined.Results There was statistical difference in the time for the emergence of sustained AF.In denervation group,it took more time than the control group(120?67 h vs 80?52 h,P

OBJECTIVE:To preparation Ru'an mixture,and establish its quality standard and observe its therapeutic efficacy.METHODS:Ru'an mixture was prepared with Radix Bupleuri and Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Angelicae Sinensis as raw material.Radix Bupleuri,Radix Paeoniae Alba,and Radix Angelicae Sinensis were identified by TLC and the content of Tanshinol was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The TLC spots of Radix Bupleuri,Radix Paeoniae Alba,and Radix Angelicae Sinensis were all clear.The linear range of Tanshinol was 0.203～2.030?g(r=0.999 8).The total effect rate in Ru' CONCLUSION:Ru'an mixture is reasonable in preparation technique,controllable in quality.

The optimum medium and fermentation conditions of the Xenorhabdus nematophilus from Steinernema carpocapsae BJ strain were studied. The relationship between antibiotic activity and pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, amino-nitrogen in process of fermentation was analyzed. The optimal medium contained tryptonl. 5 %, corn powderl o4, soybean flour 3 %, sucrose1 %KH2PO4 0.02 % ,MgSO4 0. 2% and activator 0. 1%, Stock cultured for 16h, inoculum size at 4%(V/V)and primary pH of medium ranged from 6.0 to 8.0, fermentation for 72h were of benefit to the yield of antibiotic. The pH, reducing sugar, total sugar and amino nitrogen in process of fermentation were related to the antibiotic activity. The yield of antibiotic increased by 56. 3 % comparison with nutrient broth.

The optimum medium and fermentation conditions of the Xenorhabdus nematophilus from Steinernema carpocapsae BJ strain were studied. The relationship between antibiotic activity and pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, amino nitrogen in process of fermentation was analyzed. The optimal medium contained trypton1.5%, corn powder1%, soybean flour 3%, sucrose1%, KH 2PO 4 0.02%,MgSO 4 0.2% and activator 0.1%, Stock cultured for 16h, inoculum size at 4%(V/V)and primary pH of medium ranged from 6.0 to 8.0, fermentation for 72h were of benefit to the yield of antibiotic. The pH, reducing sugar,total sugar and amino nitrogen in process of fermentation were related to the antibiotic activity. The yield of antibiotic increased by 56.3% comparison with nutrient broth.

Objective To evaluate the effect of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), to evaluate the extent of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2010 to February 2012. The patients with ALI/ARDS were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in APRV group were given APRV pattern, while those in control group were given lung protection ventilation, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (SIMV+PEEP). All patients were treated with AVEA ventilator. The parameters such as airway peak pressure (Ppeak), mean airway pressure (Pmean), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial blood gas, urine output (UO), the usage of sedation and muscle relaxation drugs were recorded. AVEA ventilator turning point (Pflex) operation was used to describe the quasi-static pressure volume curve (P-V curve). High and low inflection point (UIP, LIP) and triangular Pflex volume (Vdelta) were automatically measured and calculated. The ventilation parameters were set, and the 24-hour P-V curve was recorded again in order to be compared with subsequent results. Venous blood was collected before treatment, 24 hours and 48 hours after ventilation to measure lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) and large molecular mucus in saliva (KL-6) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the correlation between the above two parameters and prognosis on 28 days was analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Results Twenty-six patients with ALI/ARDS were enrolled, and 22 of them completed the test with 10 in APRV group and 12 in control group. The basic parameters and P-V curves between two groups were similar before the test. After 24 hours and 48 hours, mechanical ventilation was given in both groups. The patients' oxygenation was improved significantly, though there were no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters. The Pmean (cmH2O, 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) in APRV group was significantly higher than that in control group (24 hours: 24.20±4.59 vs. 17.50±3.48, P < 0.01; 48 hours: 18.10±4.30 vs. 15.00±2.59, P < 0.05). After ventilation for 24 hours, the ratio of patients with increased Vdelta in APRV group was higher than that in control group (90% vs. 75%), but without statistical difference (P > 0.05). The SP-D level (μg/L) in serum in APRV group showed a tendency of increase (increased from 19.70±7.34 to 27.61±10.21, P < 0.05), in contrast there was a tendency of decrease in control group (decreased from 21.83±7.31 to 16.58±2.90, P > 0.05), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 48-hour ventilation, SP-D in APRV group was decreased, but no change was found in control group, and no significant difference was found as compared with that of the control group (16.45±8.17 vs. 17.20±4.59, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum KL-6 between the two groups before and after ventilation. The SP-D and KL-6 levels in serum were unrelated with 28-day survival rate of the patients. The odds ratio (OR) of SP-D were 0.900 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.719-1.125], 1.054 (95%CI = 0.878-1.266), 1.143 (95%CI = 0.957-1.365), and the OR of KL-6 were 1.356 (95%CI = 0.668-2.754), 0.658 (95%CI = 0.161-2.685), 0.915 (95%CI = 0.350-2.394) before the test, 24 hours and 48 hours after ventilation (all P > 0.05). Conclusions APRV was similar to lung protective ventilation strategy in oxygenation and improvements in the lung mechanics parameters. APRV with a higher Pmean can recruit alveolar more effectively, and it had no impact on hemo-dynamics, but might exacerbate VILI.

Objective To observe the curative effect of clinically equivalent doses of Xuesaitong and ginaton injections on cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury of rats.Methods Male rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group,sham-operation group,model control group,Xuesaitong group and ginaton group.The cerebral ischemia rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Rats in the Xuesaitong group were given 20 mg·kg-1 of Xuesaitong injection,and rats in the ginaton group were intravenously injected with 7.5 mg· kg-1of ginaton immediately after I/R injury and once daily for 7 days.Rats in the sham-operation group and model control group were given the same volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution.The score of ethology,volume of cerebral infarction,mortality,superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),xanthine oxidase (XOD),nitrogen oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) in seruu were examined.Results Compared with model control group,Xuesaitong and ginaton effectively reduced behavioral score 96 h (P ＜ 0.05),120 h (P＜0.01),144 h (P＜0.01) and 168 h (P＜0.01) after I/R injury,the volume of cerebral infarction 168 h after I/R injury and NO content (P ＜ 0.05).But they had no effects on NOS,SOD,MDA,and XOD contents.Conclusion Curatively injecting Xuesaitong and ginaton can effectively reduce cerebral I/R injury,but no significant difference in curative efficacy is observed between Xuesaitong and ginaton at clinically equivalent doses.

Objective To investigate the vasopressin (VP) response to increasing osmotic pressure in the late-phase of septic shock patients.Methods Thirty-seven septic shock patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical Unive~ity from January 2012 to September 2013 were enrolled.All patients received 3％ hypertonic saline solution infusion.Serum concentrations of VP and sodium were measured before and after hypertonic saline solution infusion.Patients with ratio of difference in VP and sodium before and after infusion of 3％ hypertonic saline (△VP/△Na) ≤0.5 pg/mmol were defined as nonresponders,and who ＞0.5 pg/mmol defined as responders.The age,acute physiological and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score,blood pressure,albumin level,vasoactive drug between the two groups were also analyzed.Results VP level in the nonresponsive group (n=20,54.05％) was markedly lowered before (ng/L:10.41 ± 1.70 vs.18.25 ± 5.90,t=5.29,P＜0.01) and after (ng/L:11.36 ± 1.90 vs.24.33 ± 5.46,t=9.33,P＜0.01) 3％ hypertonic saline solution infusion,compared with that in the responsive group (n =17,45.95％).All patients in the two groups were given dopamine (DA) or norepinephrine (NE) for maintaining blood pressure,and the dose in the nonresponsive group were higher than those in the responsive group [DA (μg· kg-1· min-1):14.91 ± 3.78 vs.8.64 ± 1.69,t =-5.02,P＜ 0.01 ; NE (μg· kg-1· min-1):1.03 ± 0.48 vs.0.38 ± 0.12,t=-3.12,P＜0.01].Three patients were given DA plus NE in the nonresponsive group while patients in the responsive group received only single drug therapy.The age,APACHE Ⅱ score,blood pressure,albumin level,sodium level before and after hypertonic saline solution infusion between the two groups were not statistically different.Conclusion VP secretion to osmotic challenge was impaired and decreased in the late-phase of septic shock,prompting dysfunction in VP synthesis.