To investigate the protective effects of OLA-PENa on experimental hepatic injury in rats and compare it with OLA in the dose-response relationships. METHODS: Biochemical indexes and histopathological examination of hepatic injury in rats caused by toxicant chemicals ［D-galactosamine (D-Galn) and CCl4］ were determined. RESULTS: OLA-PENa obviously inhibited the rising of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) caused by D-Galn and CCl4 and dramatically decreased liver fat storage as well in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological examination showed that OLA-PENa can evidently alleviate the condition of the degeneration of hepatic cells and that of necrosis. CONCLUSION: The protective effects of OLA-PENa on experimental liver injury in rats, all the mentioned effects, are more powerful than those of OLA with the same dosage.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in eukaryotes,plants and some viruses.It is increasingly clear that miRNAs-encoded by viruses can affect the viral life cycle and host physiology.Viral miRNAs could repress the innate and adaptive host immunity,modulate cellular signaling pathways,and regulate the expression of cellular and viral genes.These functions facilitate viral acute and persistent infections,and have profound effects on the host cell survival and disease progression.Here,we discuss the miRNAs encoded by herpesviruses,and their regulatory roles involved in virus-host interactions.

A novel anaerobic fermentation process--multistage countercurrent fermentation was applied to improve the bioproduction of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from excess municipal sludge. Results showed that the total VFAs concentration and the total VFAs yield reached (10.5 +/- 0.5) g/L and 0.20 gVFAs/gVS (Volatile solid) using this novel process. Comparing with the conventional anaerobic fermentation, the concentration and yield of total VFAs increased by 31% and by 54%, respectively. Moreover, removal ratio of organic solids also increased by 37% and it was 50% at the end of multistage countercurrent fermentation. We further investigated the mechanism of VFAs production. Results revealed that this novel process could reduce the inhibitory effect of VFAs on the acid-forming microorganisms, and the total VFAs yield and the removal ratio of organic solids respectively depended on the first stage and the third stage of this novel process. Therefore, the multistage countercurrent fermentation can efficiently improve the bioproduction of VFAs from excess municipal sludge, and relatively enhance the removal ratio of organic solids.
Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; biosynthesis ; Fermentation ; Refuse Disposal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Sewage ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo investigate the overall level of professional identity, learning motivation and learning engagement in students majoring rehabilitation technology in higher vocational education, and to explore the relationship among them. MethodsFrom March to April, 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 334 students majoring in rehabilitation technology in three public full-time higher vocational schools in Beijing, Shandong and Anhui with the Professional Identity Scale, Learning Motivation Scale and Learning Engagement Scale. ResultsA total of 334 valid questionnaires were collected. The average scores of professional identity, learning motivation and learning engagement were (3.64±0.66), (3.78±0.61) and (3.42±0.72), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation among them (r > 0.602, P < 0.01). The professional identity was different with schools and ages (P < 0.05), and the learning motivation was different with ages and grades (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in learning engagement in different schools, genders, ages, or grades (P > 0.05). The learning motivation played a mediative role between professional recognition and learning engagement, accounting for about 55.3% of the total effect. ConclusionThe professional identity, learning motivation and learning engagement of the students majoring in rehabilitation technology in higher vocational colleges are at a moderate level, which needs to be improved. The professional identity is different among the schools of cities with different economic development, which suggests that there may be a decreasing effect of policy transmission behind it, which should be highly valued.