The early of nutritional support (parenteral and enteral) in the very/extremely low birth weight infants improve the survival rate and avoid extrauterine growth restriction.The practice of early nutritional strategy,appropriate enteral feeding and the individualized care and assessment program can result in catch-up growth and avoid growth and development deficits.

Objective To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm(gestational age ＜ 32 weeks) and very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) (weight ＜ 1 500 g) and to examine the effectiveness of an early intervention program till 12 months corrected age.Methods Seventy followed-up very preterms and VLB-WI in Jinan Maternity and Childcare Hospital were enrolled in this study from January 2012 to and were divided into two groups by birth weight.All infants received 20 items of behavioral neurological assessment at 1 to 12 months corrected age and tested mental and psychomotor development with the use of CDCC at 6,12 months corrected age.The preterms who were abnomal in the 20 items of behavioral neurological assessment would receive early intervention (including kinesitherapy, physiotherapy, cereal circulation therapeutic equipment) by physiotherapists and their parents who received an intervention program training and were strongly encouraged to participate in the intervention sessions.The intervention method was adjusted according to the neurological assessment.The SPSS statistical software package for Windows, version 15.0, was used to run Fisher's exact test and t-test on the data presented,and P value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.Results The average gestational age of infants was (30.4 ± 1.8) weeks,and average birth weight (1 463.7 ± 307.5) g.The incidence of extrauterine growth restriction was 57.1％ at first follow-up.The incidence of neurodevelpmental impairment NDI) and cerebral palsy tendency at 6 corrected months were 14.3％ ,8.6％ respectively.At 12 months corrected age,the incidence of NDI decreased to 2.9％ and cerebral palsy to 2.9％.There was significant difference in the incidence of NDI between 6 and 12 corrected months.There was no significant difference in the incidence of psychomotor developmental index ＜ 70, mental developmental index ＜ 70, NDI and cerebral palsy between the two groups.Conclusion The early intervention program can improve VLBWI neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months' corrected age and reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops on patients with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: One hundred and twelve cases were collected from adult patients with dust-mite allergic rhinitis of our hospital who could adhere to treatment and regular follow-up. These patients were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT group, n = 56) or medical treatment (Control group, n = 56). To evaluate the clinical efficacy by side effects which were registered, symptom and medication scores which were assessed and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) which was completed in the baseline and two years after treatment. RESULT: Dropouts after the 2 years' treatment were 5 of SLIT group and 4 of Control group respectively. SLIT group induced the significant reductions on both the symptom scores (7.81 ± 3.14 to 3.89 ± 2.01, P < 0.0 1) and the medication scores (2.86 ± 0.75 to 0.44 ± 0.06, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Control group induced the reductions on both the symptom scores (8.01 ± 3.32 to 5.20 ± 2.43) and the medication scores (2.95 ± 0.80 to 1.75 ± 0.40). There were significant differences (P< 0. 01) in symptom and medication scores between the two groups after 2-year treatment. The patients in SLIT group had fewer symptoms and lower intake of medication. There were statistically significant differences in RQLQ between SLIT group [19 (15,22)] and Control group [36 (26,47)] after two years treatment (Z = -5. 21, P < 0.01). SLIT group also had significant improvement in RQLQ (Z = -6.10, P < 0.01) between before and after the treatment. There were 4 patients who showed adverse reactions in SLIT group (3 occurred in increment period, and 1 occurred in the maintenance period). The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.14%. No severe systemic side effects were registered. CONCLUSION SLIT with standardized dermatophagoides farinae drops in China is safe and effective to patients with allergic rhinitis.
Administration, Sublingual ; Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; China ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective In order to explore whether neurons in the cervicothoracic ganglion of female goat were equipped with the condition for the role of progesterone .Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of progesteron receptor ( PR) in cervicothoracic ganglion of female goats .Results The result indicated that PR-immunoreactive-products were mainly present in the cell bodies of neurons , and satellite cells , Schwann cells , neurapophysis and nerve fiber also had weaker staining .The cell membrane and cytoplasm of neurons represented brown as strong positive ,but the nucleus of neurons showed the presence of heterogeneity , 85.10% neurons ’ nucleus was strong positive,of which 31.91%nucleolus being clear vacuoles were negative;14.90%nucleus displaying vacuolization had no shaining, of which 7.45%nucleolus was strong positive .There were weak positive and flaxen PR-immunoreactive-products in satellite cells, Schwann cells, neurapophysis and nerve fiber .Image analysis shows that PR of neurons was extremely significant compared with other non-nerve cells ( P <0.01 ) . Conclusion The result proved that the sympathetic postganglionic neurons in cervicothoracic ganglion of female goat were the one of main target cells of progesterone ,suggesting that progesterone may be involving in the neuroregulation of cardiac functional activities through affectinng the activities of neurons in the cervicothoracic ganglion of female goat ,and PR in the cervicothoracic ganglion may act as a network node to coordinate endocrine regulation of progesterone and neuroregulation of autonomic nerve on the cardiac functional activities .

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),laminin(LN)and type IV collagen expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC).Methods:EGFR gene in 78 cases of SACC with complete clinical data was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique,the expression of EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen protein was detected by immunohistochemistry technique(IHC),their correlation with the clin-icopathological parameters was analysed by SPSS 13.00 software.Results:EGFR gene amplification levels(69.2%)was positively related to the ratio of EGFR protein positive expression(7 1 .8%),the expression of EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen was posi-tively related to the clinical pathological parameters(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between EGFR and PCNA expression (P<0.05),a negative correlation between LN protein and type IV collagen protein expression(P<0.05).Conclusion:EGFR gene is amplified in SACC.EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen take part in the occurrence and development of SACC.

Objectives To investigate the incidence of brain injuri in premature infants in ten hospitals of seven large cities in China sponsored by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society, China Medical Association. Methods All premature infants with gestational age less than 37 weeks in ten hospitals were given routine cranial ultrasound within three days of birth, and then repeated every 3-7 days till the discharge from the hospital during January 2005 to August 2006. Results Incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and severe IVH were 10.8% (406/3 768) and 2.4% (92/3 768) with 22.6% (92/406) for grade 1, 54.7% (222/406) for grade 2, 17.2% (70/406) for grade 3 and 5.4% (22/406) for grade 4 in nine hospitals; incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cystic PVL were 2.3% (112/4 933) and 0.3% (16/4 933) with 85.7% (96/112) for grade 1, 12.5% (14/112) for grade 2, and 1.8% (2/112) for grade 3 including all ten hospitals, respectively. Risk factors associated with increased severity of IVH were vaginal delivery (OR = 1.874, 95% CI = 1.172 - 2.997, P < 0.01), perinatal asphyxia (OR = 1.598, 95% CI = 1.077 - 2.372, P < 0.05), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.988, 95% CI= 2.448 -6.948, P< 0.01), and amniotic fluid contamination (OR = 2.192, 95% CI = 1.054 - 4.544, P< 0.05). Risk factors that might result in the development of cystic PVL were vaginal delivery (OR = 1.400, 95% CI = 1.186 - 1.652, P < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.000, 95% CI = 1.015 - 8.864, P < 0.05). Conclusions These data reflect basically the prevalence of brain injuriy in premature infants in major cities of China. However, more than 60% of population lives in the rural area, further multicenter investigation including the rural area is expected to be undertaken in future.

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects a nd mechanism of X iaozheng decoction on the proliferation and migration of uterine leiomyoma cells in rat. METHODS ：Female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group ，model group ， chemical medicine positive control group （Mifepristone tablets ，2.25 mg/kg），TCM positive control group （Guizhi fuling capsules ， 200 mg/kg），Xiaozheng decoction low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （1.4，2.8，5.6 g/kg），with 15 rats in each group. Except for normal control group ，other groups were given intramuscular injection of estrogen and progesterone to induce uterine leiomyomas model. On the second day after modeling ，rats in administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ； normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 4 months. After last administration ，the uterus was removed and its morphology was observed ；the uterine coefficient was calculated. Uterine leiomyoma cells or uterine smooth muscle cells were isolated and cultured. The proliferation rate and migration rate of cells were detected by MTT method and cell scratch test ；flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate ；mRNA expression of HMGB 1 were detected by RT-qPCR. The expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt），nuclear factor κB inhibitor α （IκBα）and phosphorylated transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1（p-TAK1）were detected by ELISA ；the protein expression of HMGB 1，phospholipid 3 kinase（PI3K），p-Akt in cytoplasm and nuclear factor κB p65（NF-κB p65）in nucleus were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS ：Compared with normal control g roup，the myometrium of the model group was significantly thickened ，the number of uterine smooth muscle cells were significantly increased and the sizes were 83777930。E-mail：jianghua_ouyang@126.com different，the arrangement of muscle fibers in so me areas was disordered，the uterine coefficient ，and the relative expression of HMGB 1 mRNA and protein were increased significantly （P＜ 0.01）. Compared with model group ，the thickening of uterine myometrium and other symptoms were improved to different extents in Xiaozheng decoction groups and positive control groups ；the uterine coefficient ，cell proliferation rate ，migration rate ，mRNA and protein expression of HMGB 1，the expression of p-Akt and IκBα，protein expression of PI 3K and p-Akt （except for Xiaozheng decoction low-dose group ）in cytoplasm were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the cell apoptosis rate ，the expression of p-TAK 1，protein expression of NF-κB p65 in nucleus were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The effects of Xiaozheng decoction showed a dose-dependent trend. CONCLUSIONS ：Xiaozheng decoction can inhibit the proliferation and migration of uterine leiomyoma cells by down-regulating the expression of HMGB 1，PI3K and p-Akt ，up-regulating the expression of NF-κB p65，so as to promote cell apoptosis.

Objective:In order to explore the impact of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)on the hospitalization of children with bronchiolitis and to improve clinicians′ understanding of the characteristics of bronchiolitis during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:This was a multicenter clinical study, and the data have been collected from 23 children′s medical centers in China.All the clinical data were retrospectively collected from children with bronchiolitis who were hospitalized at each study center from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021.The results included gender, age at hospitalization, length of stay, respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) test results, severity rating, ICU treatment, and the total number of children hospitalized with respiratory tract infection during the same period.The clinical data of children with bronchiolitis in 2019 before COVID-19 epidemic and in 2020、2021 during COVID-19 epidemic were statistically analyzed and compared.Results:According to a summary of data provided by 23 children′s medical centers, there were 4 909 cases of bronchiolitis in 2019, 2 654 cases in 2020, and 3 500 cases in 2021.Compared with 2019, the number of bronchiolitis cases decreased by 45.94% in 2020 and 28.70% in 2021.In 2019, 2020 and 2021, there were no significant differences in gender ratio, age, and duration of hospitalization.Compared with 2019, the ratio of bronchiolitis to the total number of hospitalizations for respiratory tract infection decreased significantly in 2020 and 2021( χ2=12.762, P<0.05; χ2=84.845, P<0.05).The proportion of moderate to severe bronchiolitis cases in both 2020 and 2021 was lower than that in 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.054, P<0.05; χ2=8.109, P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of bronchiolitis cases requiring ICU treatment between 2019, 2020, and 2021 ( χ2=1.914, P>0.05).In 2019, a total of 52.60%(2 582/4 909) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and among them, there were 708 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 28.00%.In 2020, 54.14%(1 437/2 654) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and there were 403 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 28.04%.In 2021, 66.80%(2 238/3 500) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and there were 935 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 41.78%.Compared with 2019 and 2020, the RSV positive rate in 2021 showed a significant increase( χ2=99.673, P<0.05; χ2=71.292, P<0.05). Conclusion:During the COVID-19 epidemic, the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures reduced the hospitalization rate and severity of bronchiolitis, but did not reduce the positive rate of RSV detection.