[Objective]To analyze the causes of revision for bone tumor salvage limb operations and to explore the therapies.[Method]There were 4 cases of male,1 of female and with the mean age of 41.2 years old.The time between the first operation and revision was from 3 to 29 years.The common reason for revision was aseptic loosening,2 patients with sinus and 1 with fracture of prosthesis.During revision,the old prosthesis were implanted in 2 cases,the new one were used in the others.[Result]All patients were followed up with the mean time of 28 months,no patient died.The mean score of limb function was 21.5.[Conclusion]Revision should be performed as soon as the prosthesis aseptic loosening has been determined,and the satisfactory limb function could be obtained.

[Objective]To study the clinical matters of inactivated bone replantation with preservation of the epiphysis in children limb salvage with osteosarcoma.[Method]Eleven children(mean age 7.6 years old,5 male and 6 female)with osteosarcoma underwent inactivated bone replantation with preserving epiphysis following chemotherapy during 6 years.All lesions located in the distal femur.Seven were in Ⅰ type on MRI classification,4 in Ⅱ type.Two courses of the same protocol as preoperative chemotherapy were administered postoperatively.[Result]The operative time were 3~4 hours.The bleeding amount were about 300~500 ml.No complications occurred in operation and incisions healed well in all patients.Eleven patients were done follow-up from 10 to 72 months.Functions of the affected limbs were satisfatory.Local tumor recurrence was seen in one case and lung metastasis in two,3 patients died of the disease.Blot became flexible and inactivated bone fractured in one,respectively.[Conclusion]Inactivated bone replantation with preserving epiphysis for osteosarcoma in children is propitious to recover limb function and keep limb length.The main measures of preventing complications include no-touch technique in operation,incision drain completely,prolonging time of affected limb external fixation and safeguarding the affected limb during postoperative function exercise.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between the amount of lymphocyte containing adhesion molecules(CD_(44)) and the development and postoperative metastasis of bone tumors. Method: The percentage of peripheral blood CD_(44) positive lymphocyte's(PB CD_(44) + L) in 45 patients with bone tumor and the tissue CD_(44) content in 7 malignant bone tumors were determined with the flow cytomentric immunological method. Results: The PB CD_(44) + L in benign tumor group(BG) and malignant tumor group(MG) were much higher than that of the control, and the PB CD_(44) + L in MG was higher than that in BG. No difference was found in the content of PB CD_(44) + L between the mahgnant non-metastatic group (MNG) and the malignant metastatic group(MMG). The postoperative PB CD_(44) + L in the BG and MNG was decreased, but CD_(44) was unchanged pre-and postoperatively in the MMG. The patients with high CD_(44) content in the tumor tissues were liable to postoperative lung metastasis. Conclusions: The determination of CD_(44) in PBL and tumor tissue can be helpful to determine the nature of the neoplasm and to predict its prognosis.

Objective To seek a stable,rapid and effective method in order to obtain large number of pure adult Schwann cells (Scs) in vitro. Methods Bilateral sciatic nerves of each adult SD rat were crushed several times to establish the degeneration animal model.One week later.the degenerated nerves were detected and prepared to collagenase/dispase double enzyme digestion method,trypsin/collagenase double enzyme digestion method,single enzyme digestion for half-piece method,respectively.The S-100 immunocytochemistry was used to detect the purity of Scs. Results The confluence of cells was happened within 3-5 days in collagenase/dispase double enzyme digestion method.At time of confluence.about 70%-80%cells showed S-100 positive in this method.The quantities of cells from the degenerative nerve pieces cuhured hy single enzyme digestion were not uniform within 3-5 days.cells were confluent within 10-12 d anti less than 40%cells showed S-100 positive at time of confluence.Most of tissue pieces were tangled and cells were lost in trypsin/collagenase double enzyme digestion method.Only 3-5 cells in every 100 fiehts couht smwive in vitro,confluence is diffieult.Conclusion The collagenase/dispase double enzvme digestion method was the most stable and effective method to obtain large number of pure adult Schwann cells in vitro rapidly among the present three methods.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze bacterial infection of chronic bacterial prostatitis and to provide reference for clinical therapy. METHODS: Prostatic fluid was collected in sterile condition. Positive results of bacterial culture in 261 cases of chronic bacterial prostatitis were analyzed. RESULTS: Of total 261 cases, gram-postive bacteria accounted for 56.7%, which were mainly staphylococcus bacteria (41.9%) and gram-negative bacteria (43.3%) among which Escherichia coli accounted for 42.5%. CONCLUSION: Culture and drug sensitivity analysis of prostatic fluid and rational use of antibiotics based on results of drug sensitivity test has significance for drug use in the clinic.

The basical structure of diketopiperazines is a cyclic dipeptide condensed by two amino acids. Because of the stable framework of the six-member ring structure, and having two hydrogen bond donor and two hydrogen bond receptor, DKPs have become important chemical pharmacophores, with strong biological activities and pharmacological activities in the drug. A series of cyclic compounds were found from marine organisms in recent years, research showed that their functions are not limited on anti-bacterial, cytotoxic activity, and so on, but also playing an important role in regulatory mechanism of quorum sensing as signal molecules, they have become research hot point in ecological chemistry. This paper reviewed the research progress of diketopiperazines found in the marine microbial metabolites, and the future study trends was discussed and outlooked.

BACKGROUND: Limb salvage operations with preservation of the epiphysis (LSPPE) had been used clinically in order to overcome discrepancy of affected limb and poorer limb function, but more post-operation complications existed, including infection, grafting bone resorption, fracture and internal fixation cinch.OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical related matters of inactivated bone replantation with preservation of the epiphysis in children limb salvage with osteosarcoma.DESIGN: Clinical observation regularly.SETTING: General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Eleven patients corresponded selected standard and accepted treatment from January 1999 to January distal metastasis was found with lung X-ray check and CT scanning, the patient would be excluded this study. There were 5 males, 6 females, and the mean age of (8±2) years old (4-11 years). The disease history was 1-6 months.FO) were adopted. After 2 weeks of chemotherapy, the operations of inactivated bone replantation with preservation of the epiphysis were performed. The operation was performed under epidural or general anesthesia. The patient lied on operating table. The knee anteriomedialis incision was adopted. Firstly, femur periosteum was opened beyond proximal end 2-3 cm from tumor, subperiosteum stripping was done to the proximal femur, descend femur with wire saw, separated and disconnected aboral periosteum, blunt dissecting femur aboral blood vessel and nerves to the popliteal fossa,deligating blood vessel around the tumor. Attachment of gastroenemius was cut off. Epiphyseal plate was identified carefully. According to pre-operation MR, the distal femur descend level was determined and the femur was descend with electro-saw. It was determined with cytology that no tumor cell existed in descend level, and reconstruction of bone de-fect with inactivated tumor-bone shell with 95% alcohol and bone cement containing ADR (20 g bone cement: 10 mg ADR), the diaphysis was fixed by intramedullary nail and screws were inserted in the residual epiphysis for the osteosynthesis of the distal osteotomy. One drainage tube was placed into and closed incision The affected limb was protected with plaster cast. Post-operative treatment: Regular usage of antibiotics was adopted to prevent infection. The drainage tube was pulled out when drainage amount ＜ 50 Ml/24 hours. The progressive passive exercise was initiated during the protection of affected limb with plaster cast for 8 weeks. Twelve to 14 days after operation, stitches were taken out. The postoperative chemotherapy then initiated, drug and dosage were identified on the response to the preoperative chemotherapy. Eight weeks after operation, patients were permitted to walk with the protection of double crutches and ery analysis: To observe ncision healing and existing of nerve and blood vessel injure, or not. During follow-up, patient recoveries were determined with affected knee function, limb length, distal metastasis, post-operative complications and dynamic imaging inspection of bone healing.imaging inspection of bone healing.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The response to chemotherapy was evaluated with tumor cell necrosis rate. ② Post-operative recovery was determined with parameters such as knee function, limb length, distal metastasis, etc. ③ Dynamic imaging inspection of bone healing.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The response to chemotherapy was evaluated with tumor cell necrosis rate. ② Post-operative recovery was determined with parameters such as knee function, limb length, distal metastasis, etc. ③ Dynamic imaging inspection of bone healing.RESULTS:All patients in this study were done follow-up.①The histological response of 11 patients to preoperative chemotherapy were classified as 7 in gradeⅣ,4 ingrade Ⅲ.②Post-operation recovery:No nerve and blood vessel injury existed and all incision healed well,there was not incision infection and healing.Eleven patients were followed-up from 10 to 72 months.Three patients could flexed affected knee joint ≥110,90-110 in 3 cases,60-90 in 4 cases,＜60 in one patient .The length of both lower extremity equaled in 4 cases,the length of affected limb was shorter than 2.0 cm in 5 cases,2.0-3.0 cm in 2 cases. One patient with recurrence,two with metastasis,three died.Screw cinch in one patient and one patient with inactivated bone fracture. ③Dynamic imaging inspection: No recurrence was found around epiphysis. Essential bone healing existed between the inactivated bone and epiphysis,callus formation between the inactivated bone and diaphysis at 2 months after operation; more callus formed and 4 months; 6 months after operation,bone complete healing was found between the inactivated bone and diaphysis.④Post-operation recovery:During follow-up, a screw cinch was found in one patient, and dislodged the screw because of bone healing well. One patient underwent open reduction, bone grafting and internal fixation with encircle device because of inactivated bone fracture.four months of the operation, grafting bone healed well. At post-operative 24 months, the length of both lower extremities equaled and the affected knee flexed to 110°.CONCLUSION: Inactivated bone replantation with preserving epiphysis for osteosarcoma in children was propitious to recover limb function and keep limb length.

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) rods and pedicle screw system for lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods Sixty-three patients,including 23 men and 40 women with the mean age of 56.2±5.1 years (range,35-75 years),treated by PEEK rods pedicle screw system from September 2012 to March 2013 were retrospectively recruited.Fusion procedure were performed in 10 patients,with 2 cases at L3,4,5 cases at L4,5,3 cases at L5S1; nonfusion procedure were performed in 17 patients,with 4 cases at L3,4,10 cases at L4,5,3 cases at L5S1; hybrid procedure were performed in 36 patients,with 22 case fusion at L4,5 and nonfusion at L3,4,with 2 cases fusion at L3,4 and nonfusion at L4,5,with 12 cases fusion at L5S1 and nonfusion at L4,5.Clinical effects were evaluated via Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) score and Oswestry disfunction index (ODI) at 3 months,6 months and 24 months postoperatively.Disc heights were measured by disc height index on lateral lumbar radiograph.Range of motion (ROM) was measured by extension-flexion lumbar X-ray.Three-dimensional CT reconstruction was achieved to observe the integrity of PEEK rods at the final follow-up.Results The mean follow-up were 23.4±3.3 months.The mean operation time were 110±17 min in the fusion group,98±22 min in the non-fusion group and 121±25 min in the hybrid group.The mean blood loss were 270±85 ml in the fusion group,255±72 ml in the non-fusion group and 316±80 ml in the hybrid group.The JOA score improved from 10.5±2.6 preoperatively to 24.0±3.1 at the final follow-up in the fusion group,from 10.3±2.2 to 24.3±3.4 in the non-fusion group and from 11.1±2.3 to 23.9±3.3 in the hybrid group (P＜0.05).The ODI decreased from 51.8％±10.3％ preoperatively to 14.1％±3.7％ at the final follow-up in the fusion group,from 52.2％±11.1％ to 13.2％±3.2％ in the non-fusion group and from 53.4％±9.2％ to 13.8％±2.5％ in the hybrid group.There was no significantly statistical difference in the disc height index at 3 months,6 months and 24 months postoperatively compared with that at preoperative.The ROM decreased from 8.8°±1.8° preoperatively to 2.2°±0.3° at the final follow-up (P＜0.05).One case demonstrated cage migration at one month follow-up,bony fusion in situ at 3 months follow-up,and the patient had no related symptoms during the follow-up.No screw loosening or breakage and rods breakage was observed during the follow-up.Conclusion PEEK rods and pedicle screw system for lumbar degenerative diseases by fusion,non-fusion and hybrid procedure can achieve considerable clinical outcome with low complication rate.

Objective:To improve the sensitivity and the linear range of electrochemical immunosensor to detect Schistosoma japonicum (S.japonicum) antibody.Methods:Carbon inks and silver/silver chloride inks were printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) board to make a two-electrode test strip,where carbon was the working electrode and S.japonicum soluble egg antigen (SEA) was fixed at one end of working electrode by different methods; silver/silver chloride electrode was used as control.We tested the valency of the antibody by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in an electrochemistry workstation,and conducted comparison with the results of ELISA.Two new immunosensing electrodes have been developed,based on glutaraldehyde cross-linked (GA) or chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked (Chit-GA) transducer fixing S.japonicum antigen.We tested the titer of the antibody by means of CV and DPV.Results:Our experimental S.japonicum antigen (50 μg/L) is the optimal test concentration for the GA sensor,and 10 μg/L for Chit-GA sensors.The immune reaction time of both electrodes is all essentially complete in 1 minute.The linear range for S.japonicura antibody in human positive serum sample detection by the glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶400,and by the chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶500.As the concentration of dilution ratio of S.japonicum antibody in human positive serum sample increased,the test value of DPV increased proportionally.Conclusion:GA sensor and Chit-GA cross-linked S.japonicum sensors have high sensitivity and broad linear range response,and both exhibited a good linear relationship between the DPV signal and the test antibody titer.

Objective To prepare the infected Oncomelania hupensis by artificial method for the research on the activity, vaccine, and genetic variation of Schistosoma Japonicum (S. Japonicum).Methods The mature eggs of S. Japonicum were collected by Nylon silk method and the miracidia were incubated under appropriate conditions. Negative snails were infected with miracidia in different proportion by means of individual or collective infection to seek the best method and proportion of infection between miracidia and snails. Infected snails were divided into 12 groups in total. Ⅰ-Ⅵ groups were for individual infection and Ⅶ-Ⅻ groups were for collective infection. There were 200 snails in each group. The infection ratios between snails and miracidia in Group Ⅰ-Ⅵ or screened, numbered, and reared singly. The amount of cercariae was calculated once every 10 days until the infected snails died. Then cercariae shedding quantity, infection quantity, and mortality of infected snails in every group were compared to find the best infection method and the best infection proportion between miracidia and snails. The cercariae were collected from the first generation of infected snails and were used to infect experimental animals. The mature eggs of S. Japonicum were saved from the infected experimental animals and incubated to get miracidia. The snails were artificially infected by miracidium to get the second generation of infected snails. The developmental rates of adult worms, the egg density in fecal and liver were compared between artificially and naturally infected snails. Results In individual infection GroupⅠ-Ⅵ,the average infection value of snails were 0±0,22.7±4.2,31.7±4.5,53.0±5.3,39.3±5.9,32.7±4.7,the average fatality of snails were 21.7±3.1,25.0±3.6,31.3±4.9,44.7±6.5,78.3±9.5,89.7±13.6, and the average value of cercariae shedding from infected snails were 0.0±0.0,308.0±96.6,428.1±146.2,527.0±171.1,571.4±148.9,602.9±356.3, respectively. In collective infection Group Ⅶ-Ⅻ,the average infection value of snails were 0±0,12.3±2.5,18.7±4.7,28.3±4.2,33.3±4.7,29.3±5.5,and the average fatality of snails were 22.7±3.8,23.7±4.5,28.3±5.5,47.0±9.5,75.7±8.5,86.3±12.2, and the average value of cercariae shedding from infected snails were 0±0,244.5±57.3,292.3±74.8,347.1±100.8,477.2±142.1,447.3±161.4, respectively. The second generation of artificially infected snails was obtained successfully. The average infection rate and fatality rate for the second generation of artificially infected snails were 24.65% and 24.50%, both of which were not obviously different from that of the first generation of artificially infected snails (P>0.05). In the animal experiment, the worm growth rate for the naturally infected snails, the first or second generation of artificially infected snails were 68.50%,73.50% or 71.00%. There was no obvious difference among them (P>0.05). The fecal (or liver) eggs per gram for the naturally infected snails, the first or the second generation of artificially infected snails were 1 503±269,1 683±233, or 1 541±117 (or 6 641±1 819,6 272±1 419, or 7 263±1 643). There was no significant difference among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Infected snails can be obtained through the artificial method by using S. Japonicum miracidia to infect snails. Individual infection has the advantage over collective infection. The optimal proportion of infection between first and the second generation of artificially infected snails in the average of cercariae shedding, infection, and fatality average of snails. There was no significant difference between artificially and naturally infected snails in the developmental rate of adult worms, fecal and liver eggs per gram.