The basical structure of diketopiperazines is a cyclic dipeptide condensed by two amino acids. Because of the stable framework of the six-member ring structure, and having two hydrogen bond donor and two hydrogen bond receptor, DKPs have become important chemical pharmacophores, with strong biological activities and pharmacological activities in the drug. A series of cyclic compounds were found from marine organisms in recent years, research showed that their functions are not limited on anti-bacterial, cytotoxic activity, and so on, but also playing an important role in regulatory mechanism of quorum sensing as signal molecules, they have become research hot point in ecological chemistry. This paper reviewed the research progress of diketopiperazines found in the marine microbial metabolites, and the future study trends was discussed and outlooked.

Background and purpose: Primary renal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT lymphoma) are rare tumors in the kidney.Till now,less than 50 cases have been reported all over the world.This article introduced 2 cases of MALT lymphoma based on the morphological and immunophenotype features,aimed to highlight this rare tumor in terms of clinical characteristics and pathology.Methods:2 cases of renal MALT lymphomas were treated in our hospital.Clinical history were collected,morphological analysis was evaluated based on the HE section,and immunohistochemistry were performed by CD20,CD79a,CD5,CD10,CD43,CD23,BCL10 and cyclinD1 antibodies.Results:2 female patients with the age of 48 and 55,respectively,both of them had a history of chronic pyelonephritis.Under the B ultrasonic and CT scanning,a lump in the kidney was found and whole nephrectomy was performed.In the macroscopic view,tumors were in the renal medulla with dark red color and ill-defined boundary.In the microscopic view,lymphoid cells infiltrate from the pelvis to the medulla of kidney,lymphoid cells mainly consisted of small lymphocytes,centrocyte-like cells,lymphoplasmacytoid and plasma cells.Reactive follicles and lymphoepithelial lesions also could be seen in the tumor.Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were CD20 and CD79a positive,CD43 was weak positive,but CD5,CD10,CD23,BCL10 and cyclinD1 were all negative.Conclusions:Primary renal MALT lymphomas are very rare diseases.According to the clinical manifestation,it is hard to differentiate from renal cell carcinoma.But the morphological features were consistent with the classic MALT lymphomas in other sites.Immunophenotype profiles were helpful for diagnosis.

Objective To study the expression of suppressor gene PTEN in gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with tumor biologic characteristics. Methods Using EnVision immunohistochemical methods, we examined the suppressor gene PTEN expression in 116 cases of gastric cancer, 35 cases dysplasia and 56 cases normal gastric mucosa specimens. Results The positive rate of PTEN (53.4 %, 62/116) was lower in gastric cancer tissue than in dysplasia (71.4 %, 25/35) and normal gastric mucosa specimens(100 %, 56/56) (P

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of eosinophilic diseases with cardiac involvement Methods We analyzed the clinical and cardiac pathological data of 7 patients with eosinophilic diseases with cardiac involvement under endomyocardial biopsy or autopsy.Results Seven patients (5 male, average age 51 years) were enrolled.Four patients were diagnosed as idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and three were Churg-Strauss syndrome.Peripheral blood eosinophila count increased significantly in all patients.Cardiac involvement included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, presyncope and sudden death.Electrocardiogram showed cardiac ischemia, bundle branch block and third degree atrioventricular block.Echocardiography suggested ventricular and atrial enlargement, decreased ventricular systolic function, pulmonary hypertension, valvular prolapse and insufficiency and endocarditis.Pathology displayed infiltration of eosinophils, formation of granulomata, necrotizing vasculitis, myocardial necrosis and endomyocardial fibrosis in heart.Coronary artery could be also affected and led to myocardial infarction.Conclusions Cardiovascular complications of eocinophilic diseases are a major source of morbidity and mortality in these disorders.The manifestations are multiple and early recognition and treatment with steroid and immunosuppressant can improve prognosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the classification, limb salvage strategy and treatmental results following resection of malignant bone tumors around the shoulder girdle. Methods28 patients with malignant bone tumors of the shoulder girdle underwent a limb-sparing resection according to Malawer's surgical classification system of shoulder girdle. Various limb-salvage procedures were performed for all patients. They were evaluated with survival, recrudesce, and metastasis. The function outcome was assesssed with Enneking Function Evaluation System. Results25 patients were followed-up with a mean time of 54 months (ranged 9～96 months)．6 patients recrudesced, 11 patients died．According to Enneking Function Evaluation System, the mean score of the upper extremity was 23 in reimplantation of tumor-bearing bone after alcohol devitalization group, 24 in osteoarticular allograft group, 24 in free periosteum vascularized clavicle group, 26 point in endoprosthesis group, 25 in the total scapulectomies and the head of humerus slinging group, 28.5 in the partial scapulectomies group respectively. ConclusionThe malignant bone tumors around the shoulder girdle can be resected completely. There were a variety of limb-salvage procedures following tumors resection, with which hand function can be preserved in the majority of patients with relieved pain and good function shoulder.

Objective:To improve the sensitivity and the linear range of electrochemical immunosensor to detect Schistosoma japonicum (S.japonicum) antibody.Methods:Carbon inks and silver/silver chloride inks were printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) board to make a two-electrode test strip,where carbon was the working electrode and S.japonicum soluble egg antigen (SEA) was fixed at one end of working electrode by different methods; silver/silver chloride electrode was used as control.We tested the valency of the antibody by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in an electrochemistry workstation,and conducted comparison with the results of ELISA.Two new immunosensing electrodes have been developed,based on glutaraldehyde cross-linked (GA) or chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked (Chit-GA) transducer fixing S.japonicum antigen.We tested the titer of the antibody by means of CV and DPV.Results:Our experimental S.japonicum antigen (50 μg/L) is the optimal test concentration for the GA sensor,and 10 μg/L for Chit-GA sensors.The immune reaction time of both electrodes is all essentially complete in 1 minute.The linear range for S.japonicura antibody in human positive serum sample detection by the glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶400,and by the chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶500.As the concentration of dilution ratio of S.japonicum antibody in human positive serum sample increased,the test value of DPV increased proportionally.Conclusion:GA sensor and Chit-GA cross-linked S.japonicum sensors have high sensitivity and broad linear range response,and both exhibited a good linear relationship between the DPV signal and the test antibody titer.

Objective:To investigate the value of the three-dimensional CT reconstruction by computer photo process system for laryngeal carcinoma and control study with pathologic feature. Methods: Fifty patients with laryngeal carcinoma were scanned by helical CT which photos were three-dimensionally reconstructed with a photo processing system,and the images were compared with pathologic feature.Results:Clear three-dimensional photo of the laryngeal was obtained through the reconstruction of the helical CT.The images could be circular fully around the axis of X,Y and Z in order to find the best view of the diagnosis.Ninety-six percentage of the TNM stage of patients according to the images of three-dimensional reconstruction were consistent with the TNM stage after operation.The safe edge was obtained in 98% of the surgery for patients.Good correlations were showed in the images of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the larynx and pathologic specimens.Conclusion:Good consistent of the three-dimensional images of the larynx with pathologic specimen were useful for diagnosis,operation design and education.

Studies have shown that the clinical manifestation of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders might be related to the abnormal connectivity of brain functions. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are different from the conventional epileptic seizures due to the lack of the expected electroencephalographically epileptic changes in central nervous system, but are related to the presence of significant psychological factors. Diagnosis of PNES remains challenging. We found in the present work that the connectivity between the frontal and parieto-occipital in PNES was weaker than that of the controls by using network analysis based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In addition, PNES were recognized by using the network properties as linear discriminant nalysis (LDA) input and classification accuracy was 85%. This study may provide a feasible tool for clinical diagnosis of PNES.
Brain ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Seizures ; diagnosis

Objective:To explore the method and curative effect evaluation of repairing and rebuilding the long segmental bone defect after resection of long bone malignant tumors in adolescents.Methods:Reviewed our experience in 10 patients. Among them, 4 were male and 6 were female. The age was 10.2 years old (range, 6-16 years old). Including 7 cases of osteosarcoma, 3 cases of Ewing's sarcoma; 2 cases of humerus tumors, 7 cases of femoral tumors, and 1 case of tibial tumors-who presented between April 2015 and October 2019, in which the proportion of bone defect account for 71.4%-89.3% of the total length of diseased bone after tumor resection, with an average value of 80.9%. Considering the epiphyseal growth of young people, on the premise of ensuring enlarged tumor resection, we use traditional fibula autograft and prosthesis combined with steel plate, 3D printing design to retain the super-prosthesis of the epiphysis, and 3D printing bone trabecular was processed for the sake of making it grow successfully into the binding part of prosthesis and bone as we expect, simultaneously, the design of the short-force arm retaining the bilateral epiphysis can assit the steel plate and interlocking screws to enhance the stability.Results:The operation was completed successfully, and there were no complications such as nerve and blood vessel injury during the operation. After follow-up of 4-8 months, with an average follow-up of 22.9 months. One patient's review of X-ray film after 2 years of the operation showed that the transplanted fibula had a sign of bone resorption, and the internal fixation was in it's original position without obvious abnormalities. Two cases' auxiliary steel plates had fractured within one and a half to two years after surgery. With replacing the fractured steel plates, the internal fixation was good until now. According to the evaluation standards of the International Society of Limb Salvation: 2 cases of humerus osteosarcoma were respectively scored 23 points, 26 points, an average of 24.5 points; 4 cases of femoral osteosarcoma and 3 cases of femoral Ewing's sarcoma respectively scored 26 points and 25 points, 19 points, 30 points, 27 points, 24 points, 28 points (average, 25.6 points); 1 case of tibial osteosarcoma scored 26 points; all obtained relative satisfying treatment results.Conclusion:The combination of 3D printing and traditional machining techniques to produce an individualized long segmental prosthesis that preserves the epiphysis which applicated in the limb salvage treatment of bone malignant tumors can achieve excellent therapeutic effect.