One of the causes of the high cost of pharmaceuticals and the major obstacles to rapidly assessing the bioavailability and risk of a chemical is the lack of experimental model systems. A new pre-treatment technology, in vitro bionic digestion was designed for metal analysis in Lianhua Qingwen capsule. The capsule was digested on 37 degrees C under the acidity of the stomach or intestine, and with the inorganic and organic compounds (including digestive enzymes) found in the stomach or intestine, and then the chyme was obtained. Being similar to the biomembrane between the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, monolayer liposome was used as biomembrane model Affinity-monolayer liposome metals (AMLMs) and water-soluble metals were used for metal speciation analysis in the capsule. Based on the concentration of AMLMs, the main absorption site of trace metals was proposed. The metal total contents or the concentration of AMLMs in the capsule were compared to the nutritional requirements, daily permissible dose and heavy metal total contents from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards". The metal concentrations in the capsule were within the safety baseline levels for human consumption. After in vitro bionic digestion, most of trace metals were absorbed mainly in intestine. The concentration of As, Cd, Pb was 0.38, 0.07, 1.60 mg x kg(-1), respectively, far less than the permissible dose from the "import and export of medicinal plants and preparation of green industry state standards".
Biological Availability ; Capsules ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Digestion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Models, Biological ; Stomach ; metabolism ; Trace Elements ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics

0.05).Compared with control group,significant decrease in positive group was found in the interval from first evacuation of HM to resolution of serum ?-hCG level,(83?18) days versus(126?31)days(P0.05).Conclusions Once HM is diagnosed,evacuation should be performed as soon as possible,the later the evacuation begins,the higher the risks of lung metastasis and chemotherapy are.It is not necessary to worry about lung metastasis before evacuation of HM,the outcome of post- chemotherapy is very good.

Airway Remodeling ; physiology ; Animals ; Asthma ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; PPAR gamma ; biosynthesis ; Rats

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the causes of subclinical hypothyrodism in children and the effects of the interventional therapy with thyroixine on the course of it.Methods Two hundreds children with subclinical hypothyroidism were measured for thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb),thyroid microsomal antibody(TMAb) in the blood serum,examined by colord Dopplor ultrasonic,examined by fine needle aspiraton cytology of the throid and measured the rate of 131I absorbed by thyroid in order to find out the causes of the disease.Two hundreds cases were randomly divided into two groups on the base of the cause of diseases,treatment group 100 cases and control group 100 cases.The treatment group were treated by throxine 25-75 ?g/d and the therapeutic dosage were chosen with the normal value of free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4)and high sensitive thyrotropin(sTSH) in the blood serum .After one year thyroxine therapy were stopped.Thyroid function was examined 6 months later after stopping the thyroxine.Results Among all of the causes of subclinical hypothyroidism in children,Hasgumoto′s thyroiditis accounts for 56%,simple goiter accounts for 26%,antithyroid drug accounts for 6%,the lack of thyroxine substitution therapy on the hypothyroidism accounts for 5% and undefined causes accounts for 7% .The thyroid function could keep normal for 1 year with an alternative therapy with thyroxine on subclinical hypothyroidism in children.Half a year later after stopping thyroxine,the thyroid function turned normal in most of the children.There were obvious differences in the ratio of cure and the ratio of effectiveness between treatment group and control group (t=20.2,3.2 Pa

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Bushen Tiaojing Recipe (BTR) on the quality of oocytes, reproductive hormones, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients.

METHODSSixty infertility patients who prepared for IVF-ET were assigned to two groups according to the treatment order, the treatment group [20 cases, treated with BTR + controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)] and the control group (treated with COH alone, 40 cases). Age, the time limit for infertility, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) concentration, usage days and the dosage of gonadotropins (Gn), serum levels of estradiol (E2), luteotropic hormone (LH), and progesterone (P) on the HCG injection day, the number of retrieved occytes, the fertilization rate, the number of embryos, the high quality embryo rate, and the clinical pregnancy rate were compared. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, E2, testosterone (T), and P in the follicular fluid were detected via chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in mature granulosa cells was detected by real-time fluorescent PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSThirty-two patients were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 53.3%. Of them, 19 were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 47.5% in the control group, while 20 were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 65.0% in the treatment group. But there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the Gn dosage was lower and the high quality embryo rate was higher in the treatment group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum concentrations of E2, LH, or P on the HCG injection day, the number of retrieved oocytes, or the fertilization rate (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, FSH concentrations in the follicular fluid were significantly lower and LH concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment group (P < 0.05). The LH concentrations in the follicular fluid were significantly higher in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).There was no statistical difference in E2, T, or P concentrations (P > 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in granulosa cells was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). It was also higher in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDuring the IVF-ET process, BTR could elevate the quality of oocytes, and increase the sensitivity of ovarian follicles to exogenous Gn, which was correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in granulosa cells, and changing concentrations of FSH and LH.

Adult ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Embryo Transfer ; Estradiol ; blood ; metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; metabolism ; Follicular Fluid ; metabolism ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; metabolism ; Oocytes ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; blood ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; metabolism ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo explore the role of Network Management System (NMS) in decreasing mortality and incidence of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.MethodsThe data of 356 preterm infants transported by NMS from January 2004 to December 2005 were analyzed.ResultsNo death cases occurred during the transportation of 356 preterm infants, the success rate was 100%. 292 cases (84.39%) were cured and 36 cases (10.4%) were effective. 7 case dead for compliance, the mortality was 19.6‰. 3 cases suffered from cerebral palsy , the incidence of cerebral palsy was 8.6‰.ConclusionNMS applied to preterm infants is a high-effective medical model, and plays an important role in improving the forward prognosis of preterm infants.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between fumonisin biosynthesis gene and toxicity of Fusarium moniliforme isolated in China.

METHODSThe toxigenic gene of 29 Fusarium moniliforme isolated from different provinces and varied food samples were determined. Eighteen fum5-positive strains were selected for biosyhesizing fumonisin and determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSTwenty-six isolates were identified as fum5 gene positive strains. And all of these strains produced FB(1), FB(2) and FB(3). The amount of FB(1), FB(2) and FB(3) was ranging from 0.41-140.20 mg/kg, 0.06-14.30 mg/kg to 0.30-58.00 mg/kg, except one strain produced a lower level of FB(1) only. It wight be the first report showing a high level fumonisin-producing strain isolated from the sesame sample and identified in the world. The amount of FB(1), FB(2) and FB(3) produced by the isolate was 128.84 mg/kg, 11.80 mg/kg and 14.88 mg/kg.

CONCLUSIONSIt should have a close relationship between fumonisins biosynthesis gene and toxicity of Fusarium moniliforme isolated in China. The study demonstrated that strain of Fusarium moniliforme might contaminate the sesame sample and produce a high level of fumonisins.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Fumonisins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fusarium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Sesamum ; microbiology

Objective To judge method performance of routine biochemistry parameters on Roche Modular PPI testing system by using westgard's method evaluation decision chart.Methods We assessed imprecision(CV)from internal quality control and inaccuracy(bias)from external quality control evaluation.Combined estimates of imprecision and inaccuracy by plotting imprecision as the x-coordinate and inaccuracy as the y-coordinate to locate an expected operating point of every item on the chart.By comparing this operating point with allowable total errors(TEa),we can decide whether the performance is acceptable or not.Results In the 27 different parameters tested,imprecision and bias of calcium were 0.08 mmol/L and 0.06 mmol/L respectively,its performance was marginal.The imprecision of creatinine,urea,glucose, sodium,chloride and phosphorus were 3.20%,2.13%,1.52%,0.89 mmol/L,1.10% and 1.55%,the bias were 4.79%,0.96%,4.63%,0.80 mmol/L,1.74% and 4.13% respectively,their performance was good.M1 other 20 items were of excellence performance.Conclusions Routine biochemistry parameters on Roche Modular PPI testing system possessed good precision and accuracy,and their performance were acceptable.To judge method performance of biochemistry testing system by using westgard' s method evaluation decision chart was easy to do and suited for clinical laboratory.

Objective To investigate effects of atorvastatin on the development from macrophages (HMDM) to foam cells.Methods Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and plastic adsorptive process.The isolated cells were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (50 nmol/L) for 48 h and transformed to macrophages.Macrophages were co-incubated with 80 mg/L ox- idized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and atorvastatin (0-100 ?mol/L),respectively for 0,6,12 and 24 h. Total cholesterol (TC),free cholesterol (FC) and protein (Pro) in cultured cells were quantitatively analyzed by high performance chromatography (HPLC) analysis and modified Lowry protein assay.Results When macropha- ges were incubated with 80 mg/L ox-LDL,the ratio of TC/Pro was greater than 20,and large amount of lipid drop- lets were displayed indicating the formation of foam cells.Atorvastatin decreased TC/Pro ratio in foam cells in a concentration and time dependent manner (0-100 ?mol/L)(P