Photo images,as a useful visual aid,are frequently seen in medical journals.This paper discusses the importance of photo in medical papers.Problems with the photos are discussed,which includes absence of caption,the illegibility of the photos,the inferior contrasts,absence of the unusual changes,etc..Suggestions are given to improve photo effect so as to improve the quality of medical papers.

Objective　To summarize the experiences in caudate lobectomy in five cases of hepatic carcinoma.Methods　Five cases of primary liver caudate lobe cancer resected in the last five years were reviewed.Some problems including anatomy,the biological characteristics of the caudate lobe cancer,surgical approach,blocking of the liver blood supply were discussed.Results　One case died on the 11th postoperative day,the other four cases have been followed up for five years,two years and nine months,two years,one year and six months,respectively.They are all survived.Conclusion　Liver cancer located at the caudate lobe can be successfully resected as those located in other regions with a clear anatomy and a full exposure.

24 h) was the main cause of high emergent perioperative death rate. There was a rationale for prophylactic surgery.

Evidence based medicine is based on the high quality evidence from medical journals.In this paper,the progress of evidence based medicine(EBM)and its effects on clincal practice and research are introduced,and the necessary of carrying out editorial examination and appraisal on statistical problems in medical articles is discussed.

Objective To investigate the role of recombinant adenovirus Ad-PD-L1 on immunotolerance induction in mouse pancreatic islet transplantation. Methods Full-length mouse PD-L1 cDNA linked with an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-GFP cassette was subcloned into pShuttle-GFP-CMV( - ) shuttle plasmid. The product was cut by certain restriction endonuclease and ligate with pAdxsi vector. The adenovirus bone plasmid was transformed into DH5α competent bacteria. The positive clone was identified by restriction endonuclease digestion and further confirmed by sequencing. After linearization, the recombined adenovirus DNA was transfected into 293 cells by liposome for package and amplification, which was purified by CsC1 density gradient centrifugation. Streptozocin was injected i.p. into C57BL/6 (H-2b) mouse to induce diabetic model recipient. Recipients were randomly divided into three groups, Group A was the control. Group B and group C were injected of Ad-EGFP and Ad-PD-L1 through tail vein respectively 1 day before islet transplantation. 300 to 400 islets of DBA/2 (H-2d) were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space of the diabetic model recipient. The level of blood sugar and the graft survival time were monitored. Results Recombinant adenovirns Ad-PD-L1 have high efficiency expression of PD-L1 in recipient mouse. The survival time of grafts of Ad-PD-L1 group (27.63 ± 3. 51 ) d was significantly longer than that of the control ( 7. 85 ± 0. 33 ) d and Ad-EGFP group ( 7. 67 ± 0. 59 ) d ( P < 0. 01 ). Mixed lymphocyte response showed a specific decrease reaction of recipient lymphocyte toward donor lymphocytes. Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus Ad-PD-L1 was successfully constructed. In mouse pancreatic islet transplantation, it can suppresses the activation of recipient T lymphocyte through PD-1/PD-L1 co-stimulatory pathway, and significantly prolong the survival time of grafts.

Objective To investigate the postoperative changes of serum proteins and immune responses in critical patients and the effect of recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH).Method 45 critical patients were divided randomly into rhGH group (15 cases) and control group (30 cases) after operation. Patients in rhGH group were given rhGH 8*!U/d,im for 7 days starting 48 hours post operation. Result The postoperative level of serum transferin,albumin and prealbumin decreased in all patients, and so did the activity of CD 3,CD 4 ,CD 8,NK and the ratio of CD 4/CD 8 .Serum prealbumin level increased significantly in rhGH group at day 4 and after ( P

Objective To observe the changes of plasma renin activity (PRA)in cirrhotic patients with ascites after portacaval shunt. Method Portal vein, artery,and peripheral vein PRA levels were measured in 16 cirrhotic patients with ascites during perioperative period of portacaval shunt. Results were compared with that in 16 cases of GI tract carcinoma.Results Z] (1)Measured at postshunt day 7,the portal venous pressure (PVP) was significantly lower than that preoperatively〔(26?4)?cm?H 2O vs. (36?4)?cm?H 2O, P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the changes of portal vein pressure by (PVP) radionuclide imaging in cirrhotic patients undergoing portacaval shunt or esophageal transection-splenectomy.MethodThe radionuclide imaging was used to calculate portal pressure perioperatively in 15 shunt and 20 esophageal transection-splenectomy patients of portal hypertension.Results were compared with direct portal vein manometry.ResultPVP by manometry in portal hypertension patients 〔(37?4)?cm?H 2O〕 was very close to that calculated by preoperative imaging 〔(36?4)?cm?H 2O〕r=0.81,P

ObjectiveTo use MAGE-1 antigen as tumor vaccine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsIrradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pulsed with a MAGE-1 peptide (NYKCRFPEI) were used as antigen presenting cells (APC). The PBMCs from the same patient were stimulated with APCs on every 7th day for 4 times to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The cytotoxicity of CTLs to various kinds of target cells was detected with the method of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing assay. Results The number of PBMCs increased by 32 folds during 28 days of culture. When effective cells: target cells (E∶T) was 10∶1, CTLs exhibited 62.5% cytotoxicity against autogenous lymphoblasts pulsed with the peptide of MAGE-1 antigen (NYKCRFPEI), 40.25% cytotoxicity against cells of BEL7405, a HCC cell line expressing both MAGE-1 and HLA-A24, compared with 17.88% cytolysis observed against autogenous lymphoblasts, 19.55% against cells of HLE, a HCC cell line expressing MAGE-1, negatively expressing HLA-A24. The cytotoxicity against cells of QGY7701, a HCC cell line expressing neither MAGE-1 nor HLA-A24 was much lower (1.6%). When E∶T was 3.3∶1, the cytotoxicity of CTL against peptide pulsed lymphoblasts was 53.6%, while against autogenous lymphoblasts, cells of HLE and cells of QGY7701 was much lower, 15.6%, 13% and 1% respectively. After 4h culture, most cells of BEL7405 were adhered with several CTL, few cells of QGY7701 were adhere with CTL. ConclusionsMAGE-1 peptide NYKCRFPEI in vitro successfully induced CTL with the ability of specifically killing target cells expressing both MAGE-1 and HLA-A24.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of combined gene transfection with p53,p16 and p21 on the growth of human liver cancer cell lines.MethodsAfter transducing adeno associated virus(AAV) mediated p53, p16 or/and p21 genes to human hepatic carcinoma cell lines HLE,HepG2,QGY 7701,QGY 7703,BEL 7402,SMMC 7721, gene expression and tumor inhibition were studied in vitro and in BALB/c mouse model.ResultsAdeno associated virus mediated p53, p16 or p21 encoding gene could express in BEL 7402 cell line. Each individual type of recombinant AAV effected a significant induction of tumor cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, the rate of apoptotic cells in vitro is about 30% and that of tumor growth inhibition is about 30～44%. And the apoptosis inducing efficiency was the highest after the tumor cell line was transfected by three recombinant AAV simultaneously, with a rate of 56% (in vitro) and 65% (in vivo).ConclusionNot only could all of the exogenous wild type p53, p16 and p21 genes mediated by AAV inhibit the growth of liver cancer cell lines, but also can the efficiency be significantly elevated by combined gene transfection.