Objective To analyze 300 cases of adverse drug reaction (ADR) distribution and the cost for the past two years.Methods Original data of 300 ADR eases from 2011 to 2012 in our hospital and drug used for treatment of ADR were statistically analyzed; and the amount of money spent on drugs treating ADR was calculated.Results In 300 cases of ADR reports,intravenous injections caused ADR incidence (87.00％) max,far higher than other routes of administration.and ADR caused by anti-infective drugs ranked first.ADR clinical manifestations in the majority of skin reactions such as hives,rash,swelling,anaphylactic shock,followed by the digestive system,nervous system and cardiovascular system.Costs of medicines for the treatment of ADR were analyzed and found 168 cases of ADR occurred after the treatment cost was 81,538.8 yuan,an average of 485.35 yuan,and the highest one used for a patient was 3023.68 yuan.Conclusion It would be helpful to reduce or prevent ADR occurrence,improve the drug rational use through strengthen ADR and drug safety monitoring.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome and complications of different types of expansive open door laminoplasty in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Methods From December 2008 to June 2012,221 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with expansive open-door laminoplasty were divided into micro-titanium plate fixed group (96 cases),wire hanging fixed group(66 cases),anchor suspension fixed group (59 cases).The clinical outcome was evaluated including JOA score,operation time,bleeding volume,spinal cord pressure (a/M),cervical range of motion (ROM),open door angle,posterior shift distance of spinal cord and postoperative complications.Results All patients were followed up for more than 2 years.There were no significant differences in general condition,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,preoperative and postoperative 2 years JOA score,JOA score improvement rate,spinal cord shift distance,spinal cord compression among three groups;In the incidence of C5 nerve root paralysis,there was no significant difference between the silk suspension fixation group (12.1％) and the anchored suspension group (11.9％).The incidence of C5 nerve root paralysis for microplate fixation group (2.1％) was significantly lower than that of the silk suspension fixation group and anchored suspension fixation group,and the difference was statistically significant.There was no significant difference in the fusion rate between the 3-month and 6-month portal arteries in the group of silk suspension fixation group(65％,82％) and anchor fixation group(61％,82％).The fusion rate of the microtiter plate fixation group(90％,98％) was significantly higher than that of the silk suspension group and the anchorage group at 3 months and 6 months after operation.There were no significant differences in the incidence of recurrence,the total amount of cervical spine loss and the incidence of axial symptoms after 6 months of operation in the suspension group and the anchor suspension group.The incidence of occlusion,the total amount of cervical spine loss and the incidence of axial symptoms were significantly lower in the micro titanium plate fixation group than those in the silk suspension group and the anchorage fixation group,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Using micro-titanium plate to fix the side of open door could achieve full spinal cord decompression and access to satisfactory neurological improvement rate.At the same time,compared with the traditional silk or anchor suspension,the use of micro-titanium plate is more conducive to the door axis bone healing,prevent the occurrence of reclosing,significantly reduce the loss of postoperative cervical range of motion,and reduce the incidence of axial symptoms with the satisfaction of the clinical outcome.

Objectives: To identify any craniofacial morphological changes induced by a mandibular-repositioning oral appliance (MRA) and to explore the possibility of predicting the treatment response to MRA by cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Seventy OSA patients [male/female: 63/7; age: (50.5±11.6) years; BMI: (27.6±4.6) kg/m2; AI: (34.9±21.3) episodes/hour; and oxygen saturation nadir: (66.3±16.5) %] were enrolled. MRA was fabricated individually for each patient after the consultation by a dentist. Polysomnographic (PSG) examination was repeated with MRA in place 3 months after the initiation of the MRA therapy. For cephalometric analysis, a pair of cephalograms of each patient was obtained, one with and another without MRA. Results and Conclusions: After 3 months' treatment, AI was (156±19.2) episodes/hour, significantly reduced compared with the pre-treatment average AI (34.9±21.3 episodes/hour,P<0.000 1). Oxygen saturation nadir improved from (66.3±16.5)% (pre-treatment) to (74.1±15.5)% (with MRA) (P<0.001). A reduction of AI≥50% was achieved in 42 patients. Insertion of MRA led to anterior shift of the mandible, increase in upper airway width and area and decrease in upper airway length. Those with evident retrognathia and longer anterior upper facial height were more likely to benefit from the MRA management.

Objective To investigate the inlfuence of overexpression of miR-26b on the secretion of adipokines dur-ing human adipocyte differentiation. Methods Human preadipocytes were infected with the hsa-miR-26b over-expressing lentivirus and were induced to differentiate, and then the levels of adipokines (IL-6, leptin, resistin, TNF-α) at different time points during differentiation were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with control group, decreased secretions of both IL-6 and leptin, and increased secretion of resistin were found during the differentiation of human adipocytes in miR-26b overexpressed group. However, the secretion of TNF-αwas not measured in both groups. Conclusion The miR-26b can improve the inlfammation and insulin resistance of human adipocytes, which will provide potential targets for obesity treat-ment.

Objective:To investigate the etiology of pleural effusion in hospitalized children in Beijing Children′s Hospital.Methods:Clinical information of children with pleural effusion admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 was retrospectively analyzed.According to the etiology, the children were divided into infection group (parapneumonic pleural effusion, tuberculous pleurisy and empyema) and non infection group.According to the age, the children were further divided into ≤ 3 years old, >3-7 years old and > 7 years old groups.Classification of statistics was performed, and the etiology of pleural effusion were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 1 165 children with pleural effusion, 746 cases(64.0%) were infected with pleural effusion, 697 cases (697/746, 93.4%) of who were parapneumonic effusion.In patients with parapneumonic effusion, 457 cases (61.3%) had Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) infection.Infectious pleural effusion was more common in children >7 years old(339/479 cases, 70.8%), while non-infectious pleural effusion was prevalent in children under 3 years old(188/324 cases, 58.0%). The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=96.33, P<0.05). Among the patients with non-infectious pleural effusion, 239 cases (239/419 cases, 57.0%) had multi-system diseases and 97 cases (97/419 cases, 23.2%) had malignant pleural effusion.All the 18 deaths were non-infectious pleural effusion. Conclusions:The leading reason for pleural effusion in children is infection.The most prevalent symptom is parapneumonic effusion, which is mainly caused by MP.

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of NYGGF4 gene expression during human preadipocyte differentiation and to explore the regulative role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) on NYGGF4 gene expression in matured human adipocytes.

METHODSHuman preadipocytes-visceral (HPA-v) were cultured in vitro and differentiated into the matured adipocytes. Fully differentiated adipocytes were treated with TNFalpha in different concentrations for 16 hours or at 10 ng/mL for various times. Levels of the NYGGF4 mRNA were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR).

RESULTS(1) After induction of differentiation, more than 90% of the HPAs-v exhibited typical adipocyte morphology on the 17th day. (2) In human preadipocytes, the level of NYGGF4 mRNA expression remained low. The NYGGF4 mRNA level was gradually increased with the preadipocytes being differentiated into the matured adipocytes, and reached the highest level in the fully differentiated adipocytes. (3) Treatment of the human matured adipocytes with TNFalpha resulted in a significant increase in the level of NYGGF4 mRNA. The up-regulatory effect of TNFalpha on the NYGGF4 gene expression tended to be enhanced with the increasing concentrations and elongation of time.

CONCLUSIONDuring human preadipocytes differentiation, the level of NYGGF4 gene mRNA expression increases gradually. TNFalpha could upregulate the expression of NYGGF4 mRNA in human matured adipocytes. The regulatory effect of TNFalpha on the NYGGF4 gene expression is of dose-dependent and time-correlated.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

Objective To study the cotransfection mB7-1 and mCD1D gene into pancreatic cancer cells of rats and to observe its anti-tmor responses.Methods Recombinant retroviral vectors expressing mB7-1and mCD1D gene were packaged into GP2-293 cell lines and transfected.The expressions of mB7-1 and mCD1D were detected with PCR and Western blot.The positive cells of mB7-1 and mCD1D were used to induce the anti-tumor immunity in vitro.Results Anti-tumor immunity was induced after B7-1 and CD1D positive cells were coinoculated in syngeneic mice.Furthermore,the growth of tumor was inhibited.Conclusions Cotransfection of B7-1 and CD1D could induce anti-tumor effect.This study provide a foundation for the application of B7-1 and CD1D gene therapy in tumor.

Fecal incontinence is a very common problem in critically ill and elderly patients and long-term hospitalized bedridden patients, which can easily cause complications such as perianal dermatitis, pressure ulcers and infections, increase patient suffering, and increase medical expenses. Devices that effectively transfer or drain feces are critical to reducing complications after fecal incontinence. This article uses this as a starting point to summarize the main components, current status of use and evaluation indicators of built-in drainage devices at home and abroad, which provides a reference for the development of more scientific and feasible auxiliary tools for fecal incontinence.

Objective To investigate the effect of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on the conversion of individuals with ultra-high-risk (UHR) of schizophrenia,and to find out the related influence factors.Methods Patients were randomly divided into study group (50 cases) and control group (49 cases) by the digital random table method.The study group received cognitive behavioral therapy,and the control group only got follow-up questionnaire.Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) was used to evaluate psychosis risk symptoms of each UHR individuals at baseline,3 months,6 months,12 months and 18 months respectively and the effects of CBT on conversion and related influencing factors were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the conversion rate (P＞ 0.05) between study group and control group after 3 months,but the conversion rate of study group was significantly lower than the control group after 6 months(6.00％ vs 20.41％,P＜0.05),12 months(10.00％ vs 24.49％,P＜0.05)and 18 months(10.00％ vs 28.57％,P＜0.05).CBT could effectively improve conditions for individuals with positive symptom (study group:5.30±3.62,5.04±3.89,4.38±4.13,5.26±3.65,5.94±4.19,control group:5.59±3.62,6.33±5.29,6.98 ±4.96,7.02±5.02,8.39±6.42,F=4.326,P=0.000) of UHR,but the improvement was not significant for negative individuals (F=1.555,P=0.215).CBT could be effective for disorganized symptom (F=6.901,P =0.010) and general symptom (F=7.752,P=0.006) as well.The poor family relationship was the risk factor of conversion to the schizophrenia (OR=3.411,95％CI=1.016-11.453,P=0.047).Conclusion CBT can effectively reduce the conversion rate of UHR individuals.CBT has a good remission effect on the positive symptoms,disintegrating symptoms and general symptoms of UHR.Family relationship affects prognosis of UHR individuals.