BACKGROUND:Obesity is an important problem concerned domestically and internationally. How to control the body mass and to reduce the weight without any effect on normal food intake is the focus for study.OBJECTIVE:To probe into the weight-reducing effect of Oolong tea and its effect on the mRNA level of β3-adrenergic receptor(β3-AR).DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping, controlled trial SETTING:Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University; Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Nanjing Medical University.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Nanjing Medical University from September 2003 to February 2004. The obese rat models were made with the diet of high energy and high fat in male rats weighing about 80 g. Thirty-two male obese rats were selected.And Oolong tea extract was prepared, whose concentration was equivalent to 0.24 g of tea.INTERVENTIONS:Thirty-two male obese rats were divided randomly in-to 4 groups: obese control group, low, middle and high dose of oolong tea groups. There were 8 rats in each group. The rats in the control group were fed by gavage with distilled water every day. The other rats in low, middle or high dose of Oolong tea groups were fed by gavage with 0.4 g/kg, 1.2 g/kg, and 2.4 g/kg of Oolong tea respectively. They were all fed with diet of high energy and high fat. Each rat was raised in separate cage. The room temperature for the rats remained about 22 ℃ with the humidity of 55%. The rats were free access to water, but the diet was fed twice a day at a fixed amount. If it was finished, no more diet would be added. Thirty days later, body mass, maximal diameter of adipocytes were measured, and β3-ARmRNA levels in adipose tissues were measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, increased body mass,the weight of adipose tissues in retroperitoneal, peri-epididymal and interscapular regions and the maximal diameter of adipocytes were measured,β3- AR mRNA levels in the adipose tissues above were measured with the method of RT-PCR.RESULTS:According to intention-to-treat analysis, thirty-two male rats entered result analysis. [1]Body mass: Increased weight of rats in 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups were significantly lower than that in the rats of control group and rats in 0.4 g/kg Oolong tea group (58.4±46.7,68.1±30.4,125.7±34.4,96.3±26.2,P ＜ 0.01), but the amount of total diet consumption was similar in each group (P ＞ 0.05). [2]Lipid coefficient in retroperitoneal and peri-epididymal regions of rats in 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups was lower than that in the rats of control group and rats in 0.4 g/kg Oolong tea group,(1.57±0.53,2.14±0.90 to 2.71±0.49,2.50±0.53, 1.14±0.38,1.43±0.53 to2.00±0.00,1.88±0.35), but there was no significant difference among groups of the ratio in inter-scapular regions (P ＞0.05). [3]The maximal diameter of adipocytes: The maximal diameter in retroperitoneal, periepididymal and inter-scapular regions of the rats in 0.4 g/kg, 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups was significantly lower than that in the rats of control group[(113±24), (86±29), (90±23), (120±30)μm;(94±20), (80±18), (64±17), (111±21)μm; (24±11), (21 ±11), (22±10),(27±11)μm,P ＜ 0.05]. [4]β3-AR mRNA levels in adipose tissues:The β3-AR mRNA levels in retroperitoneal, peri-epididymal and interscapular regions of the rats in 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups were significantly higher than those in rats of control group and rats with0.4 g/kg of Oolong tea (0.72±0.11,0.64±0.112,0.40±0.08,0.34±0.10 for retroperitoneal region, 1.06±0.21,1.02±0.24,0.42±0.15,0.43±0.11 for epididymal region, 1.01±0.42,0.70±0.17,0.42±0.10,0.49±0.16 for interscapular region, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:Oolong tea was of weight～reducing effect,which may be related to its effect to increase β3-AR mRNA level The middle dose (1.2 g/kg) may be optimal.These results may be helpful to the theory of weight reducing with tea and the selection ofoptimal dose.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of erythro po ietin on prevention hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and activation of Casp ase-3 in Hippocampal CA1 region in newborn rats. Methods7 d Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into hypoxic-ischemic (HI) group (n=11), recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treated group (n=11), and sham-op erated control group (n=9). HIBD was established in both HI group and rhEPO treated group. The number of rats animals with spontaneous left-turn in two gro ups was counted respectively at subsequent different time: 0, 6, 12 and 24 h. Th e expression and distribution of activated Caspase-3 was detected by immunohist ochemistry analysis. The positive cells were calculated in hippocampal CA1 regio n of every groups.ResultsTwo rats in HI group and one in rhE PO treated group died from continuous convulsion during hypoxia. all survival ra ts in up two groups had spontaneously left-turn Compared with HI group, the r ate of spontaneous left-turn was dramatically lower in rhEPO treated group (HI group vs rhEPO treated group, 1/10 vs 6/9, P=0.0198) at 24 h after hypox ia. The positive stained cells were distributed dispersively in the brain of con trol group, and more intensively in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the o ther two groups. In CA1 region, the number of positive cells in HI group, was si gnificant higher than that in control group ( 41.38 ?2.09 vs 10.52?2.70 , P

In order to understand the status of neonatal transport research at home and abroad,we summarized and analyzed the research progress of neonatal transport through the literature search.Thus we evaluated the current application of a variety of transport critical rating system.Intrauterine transport is considered the safest mode of transport,and promote intrauterine transport of high-risk mothers.It is suggested that the parents participate in the transshipment process and return the stable children to the local hospital for further treatment and promote the family-centered treatment mode.In transit,mobile ECMO,hypothermia and other advanced equipment in foreign countries have been applied.It is recommended to use the respiratory function monitor to monitor the respiration during transit.It can provide the parameters of respiratory wave,identify air leak,accidental release,spontaneous breathing.

Objective To investigate the vascular compliance markers (C1 and C2) and pulse wave velocity in relative with other physiological indexes in a cohort of young normotensive people in Beijing. Methods Two hundred and seventy normotensive volunteers (112 men and 158 women aged 16 to 30 years) were invovled,completed questionnaires of demographic information. Large (C1) and small (C2) arterial compliance were derived from arterial pulse wave contour analysis. Pulse wave velocity(carotid-femoral PWV and carotid-radial PWV)was determined by Complior SP. Results In both male and female C1 correlated positively with height and weight,and negatively with systolic(SBP),mean arterial blood pressure(MAP),pulse pressure(PP),and heart rate(HR),in which PP showed the best correlation with C1;C2 was inversely related with SBP,diastolic blood pressure(DBP),MAP and HR,in which SBP showed the best correlation with C2;cfPWV correlated positively with DBP and age,crPWV correlated positively with age,DBP,height and weight. Conclusion Blood pressure,heart rate were the important influential factors of large and small arterial compliance in both males and females,while diastolic blood pressure was determinant for pulse wave velocity.

Objective To determine Oligl transcription factor expression in periventricular tissue of day 2 newborn rat of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and to explore the relation with remyelination.Methods PVL newborn rat model was successfully established through bilateral common carotid artery ligation,followed by 8% oxygen exposure for 30 min. On day 0,day 7 and day 14 after operation,Oligl expression was examined through in situ hybridization, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes were detected via immunohistochemistry method and mRNA levels of MBP, PLP, MAG in control and PVL group were examined with quantitative real-time PCR. Results Oligl positive cells of control group were 115 ± 15/mm2. On day 0 and day 7 after operation,oligl positive cells were 72 ± 20/mm2and 75 ± 12/mm2 ,and there was significant difference as compared with control group (P both ＜ 0. 05), however the oligl positive cells on day 14 after operation(146 ± 1 1/mm2) significantly increased with comparison to control group (P ＜0. 05). Compared to control group, GST-Ⅱ positive oligodendrocytes and O4 positive oligodendroglial progenitor cells of PVL group were significantly decreased on day 0, day 7 after operation (P both ＜ 0. 05), and these cells both increased on day 14 after operation ,however there was no difference as compared with control group (P ＞ 0. 05). Compared to control group, mRNA levels of MBP, PLP, MAG all significantly decreased on day 0,day 7 after operation(P all ＜ 0. 05), and these levels slightly increased on day 14 after operation (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion Oligl transcription factor may be essential in the remyelination and repair of myelin in PVL.

Objective To explore the status of C57BL/6J mouse brown fat adipogenic differentiation function with aging.Methods C57BL/6J female and male mice at the ages of 0-week (newborn),4-week,8-week,12-week old were selected from the same brood,brown adipose tissue was obstained from their interscapular region,and the brown adipose was identified by using immunohistochemical markers.Then the total RNA was extracted from the brown adipose and quality identification was determined at the same time.The expression levels of the related genes (PPARα,C/EBPα,PGC-1α,PPARγ,FOXC2,BMP7) induced by brown adipose adipogenic differentiation were detected by quantitative real-time PCR in 0-week,4-week,8-week,12-week mice.Results Uncoupling protein -1 (UCP1) immunohistochemical data indicated that positive deep-colour substance was brown adipose tissue.Quantitative Real-time PCR also indicated that the expression volume of adipogenesis gene gradually reduced with aging,and there were significant differences at the different time points [PPARα (F =11.96,P ＜ 0.000 1),C/EBPα (F =9.39,P ＜0.000 1),PGC-1α(F =17.21,P ＜0.000 1),PPARγ(F =13.11,P ＜0.000 1),FOXC2(F =12.23,P ＜0.000 1),BMP7(F =16.44,P ＜0.000 1)].Conclusions The adipogenic differentiation ability and activity of mouse brown adipose gradually reduce with aging.But the regulatory factors for its function needs to be further investigated.

Objective To establish an effective DNA isolation method for neonatal disease screening,so as to explore its application to the methylation detection.Methods The 20 dried blood spots samples were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the gender:the traditional method group (n =10) and the improved kit method group(n =10).The DNA quality was evaluated based on its concentration,integrity and whether it could be used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).These DNA samples with or without bisulfite treatment were used as template in the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP).The methylation levels of Leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene promoter region were detected.Results DNA concentration of the improved kit method [(5.70 ± 0.81) mg/L] was significantly higher than that of the traditional method [(3.50 ± 0.45) mg/L] (t =2.79,P ＜ 0.05),and biochemical analyzer analysis showed a better DNA integrity.Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that 18S gene fragment could be successfully amplified by PCR method,suggesting its potential application to PCR study.MSP results showed different DNA methylation levels of Leptin and TNF-α genes promoter regions from various samples.Conclusions The improved kit method can effectively extract DNA from dried blood spots samples,and these DNA can be used in methylation research.The study can provide a new research direction and technical method to reveal the pathogenesis of disease from the perspective of DNA methylation.

Objective To explore the mechanism of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) via observing the change of mitochondria in IUGR placenta. Methods Placenta samples were collected from 30 singleton pregnancies at the time of elec-tive caesarean section. Fifteen of them were appropriate for gestational age and 15 were IUGR. Mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, DNA copies were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and membrane potential was assayed by lfow cytometry. Results Signiifcant morphological changes of placental mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscopy in IUGR, mitochondrial DNA copies in IUGR placenta were signiifcantly increased (P<0.01) and membrane potential decreased dramatically (P<0.01). Conclusions It is suggest that impaired mitochondrial function in IUGR may involve in IUGR pathogenesis.

Objective To study the best position for children to transfusing mannitol by venous, and then reduce the incidence rate of complication. Method Divided children into 3 groups according to the injection point. There were 69 cases in the A group, the injection points included cephalic vein, basilic vein, median cubital vein and the external jugular vein. There were 46 cases in the B group, the injection points included vein of forehead, superficial temporal vein and the posterior auricular vein. There were 63 cases in the C group, the injection points included dorsal vein. Results The condition of transfusing mannitol by venous in the A group were significant better than those of in the B and C group,P

Objective To explore the changes and significance of serum visfatin (VF) levels in patients with preeclampsia (PE). Methods Eighty-one cases of PE were served as observed group, 39 cases of mild PE (mild PE group) and 42 cases of severe PE(severe PE group), 45 cases of normal pregnant women as control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured and the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated in these cases. The levels of serum VF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were no significant difference in the levels of FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR among three groups (P > 0.05). The levels of TG, TC were significantly increased in severe PE group compared with mild PE group or control group (P < 0.05). The level of serum VF in severe PE group [(22.45 ± 4.18) μ g/L]was significantly higher than that in control group [(14.52 ± 3.25) μg/L]and mild PE group [(18.75 ± 3.96) μ g/L](P < 0.05). The level of serum VF had no relationship with the levels of FPG, FINS (r = 0.21,0.24, P > 0.05), the positively correlation was found between the level of serum VF and HOMA-IR, TC, TG (r = 0.42,0.36,0.41, P < 0.05) in patients with PE. Conclusion VF elevates in the patients with preeclampsia and closely relates with the severity of PE, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism.