Objective To investigate the effect of the 8-bromum-c yc lic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) on the telomerase activity and changes of cell cycle in retinoblastoma (RB) cells. Methods The cul tured RB cells were divided into the experimental group (8-Br-cAMP) and contro l group. After cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hours in vitro, the telomerase activit y of RB cells was detected by polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosor bent assay (PCR-ELISA) and the changes of cell cycle were detected by flow-cyt ometry. Results The difference of telomerase activity was sign ificant between the experimental groups and control group (P

Objective　 To probe into the operative methods, effects and reasons of failure for retinal detachment with choroid detachment.Methods　Thirty-one cases (31 eyes) with choroid detachment and proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) were given vitreoretinal surgery, stripping of pre-membrane and injection of inert gas or silicone oil into vitreous body. Results　The retina was totally reattached in 22 cases (22 eyes), partly reattached in 5 cases (5 eyes),unattached in 4 cases (4 eyes),which was accounted for 70.9%,16.1% and 12.9% in 31 cases (31 eyes) respectively. Visual acuity improved in 25 eyes and no change in 5 eyes and decreased in 1 eye. The main cause of operation failure was possibly related to the severe anterior PVR. Conclusion　Vitreoretinal surgery can improve the successful rate of retinal detachment with choroid detachment.

Objective　To study the characteristics of choroidal circulation in RP.　Methods　Using ICGA to observe 37 cases of RP and compare with healthy volunteers.　Results　① The earliest fluores-cein filling time of the choroidal arteries in RP group was (14.38±3.95) seconds,the choroidal veinous in RP group was (17.27±5.94) seconds,and there was no obvious difference between RP and control group.②The fluorescein failing time of choroidal vein in RP group was (475.75±153.70)seconds.③The area of the bright fluorenscence in posterior fundus in RP group was (41.20±19.99)　mm2,and compared with the control group,there was significant difference (P＜0.0001).④In the mid to late phase during ICGA，in RP group the veil-like hypofluorescence was found in 61 eyes (84.7%),plaque hyperfluorescence in posterior fundus in 21 eyes (29.2%),and leakage of heperfluorescence in 4 eyes(5.6%).　Conclusion　①The perfusion pressure of choroidal vessels in RP reveals no change.②The blood volume of choroidal vessels becomes decreased in RP.③The choroidal capillaries become atrophic in RP.④Choroidal neovascularization may occur in patients with RP.

Objective To study the ultrasonographic manifestation character of age related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods The ultrasonographic manifestation of thirty five cases (38 eyes) of AMD diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) with positive findings of ultrasonic B scan were analysed. Results The ultrasonic appearance of interlamellar transaudient cleft were found in 26 eyes, in which FFA appearance were serous detachment of pigment epithelium and subretinal neovascularization, 5 of them associated with small excavation of choroid, 4 of them associated with strong echo belt at the posterior edge of the interlamellar transaudient cleft in which the FFA appearance was extensive subretinal neovascularization.In another 4 eyes with choroidal hematoma under FFA revealed thin echo light spots in the interlamellar transaudient cleft. There was scar staining in the other 8 eyes in which the ultrasonic appearance showed an unequal thickening of the ocular wall in the posterior pole,unequal echo of interior edge and irregular inner echo. Conclusion The main ultrasonographic manifestation of AMD is the presence of interlamellar transaudient cleft in the thickened ocular wall.

Objective To study the value of MR diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI)using a 3.0 T scanner in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION).Methods A total of 26 patients suffering from unilateral subacute AION were examined using DTI and pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP).The parameters values of optic nerves including fractional anisotropy (FA),ADC,vertical diffusivity (λ⊥),paralleldiffusion (λ//),P100 value and amplitude were obtained.Paired t-tests were used for comparing the FA,ADC,λ⊥,and λ// values of the two groups.Correlations of DTI parameters and P-VEP parameters were analysed by using the Pearson rank correlation analysis.Results The values of FA,ADC,λ//,and λ_ in the affected nerve were 0.28±0.07,(1.43±0.20) ×103 mm2/s,(1.79±0.16) ×10-3 mm2/s,and (1.25±0.17) ×10-3 mm2/s respectively,and the corresponding values of unaffected nerve were 0.57±0.05,(1.04±0.17) ×10-3 mm2/s,(1.71 ±0.19) × 10-3 mm2/s,and (0.75±0.08) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively.Compared to unaffected contralateral nerves,the mean FA was reduced,the mean ADC,λ⊥ were increased in the affected nerves(t=-19.269,10.537,15.301,P＜0.01).However,there were no significant difference of the λ//(t=l.632,P＞0.05).There was significant negative correlation between ADC and P-VEP amplitude in affected optic nerves (r=-0.722,P＜0.01).There was moderate negative correlation between λ⊥ and P-VEP amplitude in affected optic nerves (r=-0.634,P＜0.01).There was moderate correlation between FA and P-VEP amplitude (r=0.539,P＜0.01).There was no correlation between λ// and P-VEP amplitude.There was moderate negative correlation between FA and P-VEP P100 latency(r =-0.619,P＜0.01).Conclusions DTI can sensitively detect diffusional abnormality of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.DTI could be used as a supplemental way in the assessment of AION.

It is kno wn that 8-Br-cAMP is one of selective bi nding site analogues for cAMP RIIα to af fect cell growth through regulation of g ene expression.The p16,p21wafl,p53 a nd Rb are antioncogenes which affect cel l growth through control of cell cycle.T he aim of this study is to investigate t he 8-Br-cAMP effect on the expression of antioncogenes in human HXO-Rb44 cells. Methods Cultured HXO-Rb44 cells in RPMI -1 640 medium were divided into two aliquot s.8-Br-cAMP (2×10-5mol/L) was added i nto one aliquot for 24h as the experime ntal group(EG),the another aliquot witho ut 8-Br-cAMP as the control group(CG).Af ter 24h,the cell suspension was dropped onto the nitrocellulose membrane.The mR NA of p16,p21wafl,wild type(w)p53,mut ant type(m) p53 and Rb were used respec tively with biotin-labeled cDNA probes b y intact cell RNA dot blot.The immunorea ctivity(IR) of P16,P21wafl,PRb,PCN A,cdk2 and cdk4 were detected respecti vely with specific monoclonal antibodies on dot blot.ResultsThe mRNA dot blot s ignals of mp53 and protein dot blot of cdk2-IR,cdk4-IR and PCNA-IR in EG were weaker than those in CG(P＜0.05～0.01). W hile,the mRNA signals of p16,p21wafl,wp53 and Rb in EG were stronger than tho se in CG(P＜0.05～0.01).The intensity of ea ch protein dot blot was consistent with that of their RNA dot blot (except for w P53-IR and mP53-IR not to be done).Conc lusions(1)8-Br-cAMP could up-regul ate expression of antioncogenes includin g p16,p21wafl,wp53,Rb,and protein exp ression of P16,P21wafl and PRb.(2) 8-Br-cAMP could down-regulate mp53 gene expression and protein expression of cd k2,cdk4 and PCNA.The results suggest t hat 8-Br-cAMP could inhibit human HXO-Rb 44 cell growth through interfering rela ted gene expression of cell cycle.

Objective To study the relationship between the changes of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and diffusion tensor tractography(DTT)of optic radiation and the defect of visual field.Methods DTI and DTT were performed in 37 patients with invasion of the optic radiation by intracranial lesions and in 20 normal control group at 3.0T MR scanner,the visual fields of all cases were examined.The relativity between FA values,ADC values and mean sensitivity(MS)values,mean defect(MD)values of visual field and the relativity between the morphological change of optic radiation and the defect of visual field were analysed.Results In comparison with control group,FA values decreased and ADC values increased in subject group,there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.001)between them.In disordered group,FA values were positive correlation with MS values(r=0.718)and negative correlation with MD values(r=-0.694);ADC values were negative correlation with MS values(r=-0.625)and positive correlation with MD values(r=0.538).DTT showed that the ventral tracts of optic radiation were damaged which oppeared as the defect of ditto quadrant of bilateral field vision in 9 cases,the dorsal tracts and the lateral tracts of optic radiation were damaged which appeared as the defect of inferior quadrant of bilateral field vision in 7 cases,the optic radiations were damaged extensively that caused symmetric or asymmetric congruous hemianopia of bilateral field vision in 21 cases.Conclusion DTI and DTT of optic radiation are intimately correlated with the examined results of visual field,it will be a objective index to extimate the function and the morphological changes of optic radiation.

Objective To investigate the damage of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) quantitatively by using reduced-filed-of-view DTI (rfov-DTI) together with optical coherence tomography(OCT).Methods Thirty four patients(68 eyes,Patient group)and 33 healthy controls (66 eyes, Control group) were enrolled in this study. Measures of rfov-DTI and OCT of both eyes in all subjects were performed by 3.0 MRI. The difference of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (λ//) and radial diffusivity (λ⊥) were compared by two independent sample t test. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in temporal and lateral nose, which data don't conform to normal distribution, were calculated by average and four quadrants and compared by Mann-Whitney U test,the average RNFL thickness and RNFL thickness in low quadrant and upper quadrant were compared by two independent sample t test.Spearman rank were performed to determine the correlation between DTI parameters of optic nerves (ONs) and RNFL thickness. Results The value of FA, MD, λ//, λ⊥, average, temporalside, nasal side, low quadrant and upper quadrant RNFL thickness in patient group were 0.445±0.078,(1.330±0.236)×10-3mm2/s,(5.502±0.263)×10-3mm2/s,(4.494±0.238)×10-3mm2/s,(104.7± 25.4)μm,(104.0±31.0)μm,(65.0±25.0)μm,(122.0±33.3)μm,and(117.4±37.7)μm respectively and the data in control group were 0.581±0.043,(1.079±0.146)×10-3mm2/s,(5.349±0.214)×10-3mm2/s,(4.195±0.126)× 10-3mm2/s, (101.2 ± 10.6)μm, (70.0 ± 10.8)μm, (81.3 ± 13.4)μm, (127.3 ± 12.5)μm, (126.3 ± 11.5)μm respectively.Compared with the control group,the value of MD,λ//,λ⊥were significantly higher but FA was significantly lower (t=-12.388, 7.394, 3.695, 9.062;all P<0.01). The temporal RNFL was significantly thicker while the nasal RNFL was much thinner than that in control group respectively(Z=-8.384,-4.518;all P<0.01);the average, low quadrant and upper quadrant RNFL thickness showed no significant differences compared with the control group(t=-1.217,-1.843, 1.049;P=0.227, 0.069, 0.297).Especially,there was a weak correlation between the temporal RNFL thickness and FA(r=0.268,P=0.029),however,no correlation of nasal RNFL thickness with mean FA was found(r=0.164,P=0.186). Conclusions rFOV-DTI together with OCT can provide information about the pathology of RGC axon disease in patients with RP.there is a weak correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer and the pathological changes of optic nerve in the retinal ganglion cells,but the performance were not coincident.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of minimally invasive vitreoretinal (MIV) surgery combined with a modified suprachoroidal drainage surgery for retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD).Methods A prospective clinical study.A total of 27 patients (27eyes) diagnosed as RRDCD were recruited in this study.There were 16 males and 11 females,with an average of (53.67± 14.82) years.The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was (8.2± 2.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of minimum resolution angle logarithm (logMAR) was 1.87±0.58.All subjects underwent 23G MIV combined a modified suprachoroidal drainage surgery,which 23G stab knife and 1 ml syringe needle were used for surgery.The visual outcome,IOP,rate of retinal reattachment and complications were comparatively analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively.Results At 1 day,10 days,1 month and 3 months after surgery,the average of logMAR BCVA were 1.62 ± 0.67,1.51 ± 0.63,1.39 ± 0.54,1.32± 0.56 and the mean of IOP were (13.47 ± 5.06),(14.43 ± 4.09),(14.89 ± 4.30),(15.38 ± 3.37) mmHg,respectively.There were significant differences of logMAR BCVA and IOP between before and after surgery (F=6.19,15.21;P＜0.05).Retinal reattachments were achieved in 27 eyes (100％) at 1 day and 10 days after surgery.At 1 month and 3 months after surgery,the rate of retinal reattachment were 88.89％ (24 eyes) and 85.19％ (23 eyes),respectively.No severe complications such as endophthalmitis and choroidal hemorrhage were found at follow-up visits.Conclusion MIV combined with a modified suprachoroidal drainage surgery is an effective and safe treatment for RRDCD,which can promote retina tear closure,improve visual acuity.