Objective To explore the changes of blood gas, plasma fibrinogen and D-dimmer levels in neonates with severe hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Methods Forty - three neonates with severe HMD(treated by mechanical ventilation) ,26 neonates with mild HMD( without treated by mechanical venti-lation) and 31 controls were studied. The blood gas,plasma fibrinogen and D-dimmer levels were measured. Results Compared with other two groups, the levels of blood pH, PaO2 and FBG decreased significantly in neonates with severe HMD (P<0.01). The levels of PaCO2 and D-dimmer increased significantly (P<0.01). The blood pH was negatively correlated with plasma D-dimmer level,but it was positively correlated with plasma FBG level in neonates with severe HMD. Conclusion There are coagulation abnormalities in neonates with severe HMD. Hypoxemia and acidosis have close relationship with the coagulation abnormali-ties.

OBJECTIVE:To uncover the potentiality of brand management in pharmaceutical industry and to explore its importance in pharmaceutical industry.METHODS:The developmental opportunity of brand management was analyzed be?ginning from the current circumstances of pharmaceutical industry.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The pharmaceutical in?dustries are confronted with unprecedented development for brand management.With the ending of the products era,brand management has become an important resource for the pharmaceutical industry to obtain competitive advantages.

Objective To study the effect of mild hypothermia combined with edaravone on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of patients with severe traumatic brain injury(sTBI)and on their prognoses. Methods A prospective randomizd controled trial was conducted. Seventy-seven patients in the Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces were randomly assigned into control group(38 cases)and treatment group(39 cases)according to random number table. All the patients were treated with routine treatments such as dehydration of intracranial pressure(ICP),neural nutrition,anti-infection,mechanical ventilation and maintenance of water and electrolyte balance in control group,while in treatment group,the patients received mild hypothermia combined with edaravone on the basis of routine treatment within 24 hours after injury. The contents of TNF-αand IL-6 in CSF were measured by radio-immunoassay(RIA)at different time points in both groups. In the meantime,the ICP was also measured. The prognosis was evaluated after 6 months of injury according to Glasgow outcome scale(GOS). Results Compared to control group,in the treatment group,the expression levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in CSF had no significant difference(both P>0.05)on the 1st day after injury,but they were significantly increased on the 3rd day after injury,began to decline on the 7th day,and reached to the valley value on the 14th day after injury,the degree of descent in treatment group being more significant than that in control group〔TNF-α(μg/L):2.43±0.39 vs. 3.12±0.47,IL-6(ng/L):83.53±11.48 vs. 101.69±13.64,both P<0.01〕. Before the treatment,the level of ICP in treatment group had no significant difference from that of control group(P>0.05),but it was gradually increased on the 1st day after injury in both groups,it reached the peak value on the 3rd day after injury,and began to decline on the 7th day after injury,the degree of descent being more significant in treatment group〔mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):14.88±3.73 vs. 21.76±4.78,P<0.01〕. The favorable prognosis rate was significantly higher〔35.9%(14/39)vs. 21.1%(8/38),P<0.05〕,and the mortality was obviously lower in treatment group than those of control group〔28.2%(11)vs. 42.1%(16),P<0.05〕. Conclusion In patients with sTBI,mild hypothermia combined with edaravone can protect brain tissue through alleviating high ICP and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in CSF, resulting in promoting the recovery of nerve functions and improving prognosis.

Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence rate as well as antibiotics use in this hospital and to improve the awareness of the hospital infection administration for the medical staff .Methods The hospital infection prevalence rate in hospital and the risk factors were analyzed by prevalence survey and bed-side and case records investigation .Results In all 320 patients sur-veyed ,25 patients were diagnosed with hospital infection and the rate was 7 .81% ;27 cases of hospital infection was reported and the cases prevalence rate was 8 .44% .The main infection site was respiratory tract and it accounted for 48 .14% ,moreover ,the in-tensive care unit ,urology ,and neurology were the high incidence departments .The day of usage rate of antimicrobial drug was 62 .50% ,prevention of drug use was 46 .50% ,a kind drug use was 74 .00% ,and the two kind drug uses was 22 .00% .The positive rate of hospital infection pathogenic detection was 46 .87% .Hospital infection rate was related to the age ,urinary tract intubation , and ventilator factors .Conclusion Hospital infection administration should be strengthened to reduce invasive procedures for key depart-ments and focus groups ,meanwhile ,the rational application of antibiotics should be regulated to reduce hospital infection rates .

Objective To systematically assess the efficiency of colonoscopy screening for the asymptomatic elderly.Methods A search was performed to identify studies related to colonoscopy screening for the aged in Pubmed and Embase.The key words used for the search included colorectal neoplasm, adenoma, screening, elderly, and colonoscopy.The detection rate of colorectal adenomas, advanced adenomas,colorectal cancer in the elderly and non-elderly were extracted.The studies were evaluated and analyzed by software RevMan 5.3.Results Twelve studies involving 312 111 cases were included(25 107 elderly and 287 004 non-elderly).The total AADR of the elderly was 9.97％ ,ADR was 11.33％ ,while CRC detection rate Was 1.79％.The meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the AADR(RR =1.57,95％ CI: 1.51-1.64), ADR(RR =1.22, 95％ CI: 1.19-1.25) and CRC detection rate(RR =2.6,95％ CI:2.34-2.90) between the elderly and the younger patients (P ＜ 0.000 01).The detection rate of AADR,ADR, CRC in the elderly were significantly higher than the non-elderly.Conclusion The elderly have higher AADR and CRC detection rate than the younger.But further studies are needed because life expectancy and complications are factors that need to be considered for screening.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are believed to play a major role in viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during HBV infection. To clarify the differences in host immune responses between self-limited and chronic HBV infections, we constructed three HLA-A*0201/HBV tetramers with immunodominant epitopes of core18-27, polymerase 575-583 and envelope 335-343, and analyzed the HBV-specific CTLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients infected with HBV. The frequencies and expansion ability of HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells in most self-limited HBV infected individuals were higher than those in chronic HBV-infected patients. HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells could be induced by in vitro peptide stimulation from chronic patients with a low level of serum HBV-DNA but not from those with a high level of serum HBV-DNA. In chronic infection, no significant correlation was found either between the frequencies of HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells and the viral load, or between the frequencies and the levels of alanine transaminase. Our results suggested that the frequencies of HBV-specific CTLs are not the main determinant of immune-mediated protection in chronic HBV infection and immunotherapeutic approaches should be aimed at not only boosting a HBV-specific CD8(+) T response but also improving its function.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of anemia in renal transplant recipients over 60 years old.Methods Clinical data of one hundred and sixty-eight renal transplant recipients over 60 years old were retrospectively analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of anemia.Results In 168 cases of renal transplant recipients,the incidence of anemia was 45.2％(76/168).Forty cases were normocyte and normochromic,26 cases were microcytic hypochromic,10 cases were hemolytic anemia.In these anemic recipients,51 cases were short of erythropoietin (EPO),25 were EPO resistance.The incidence of malnutrition and cardia-cerebrovascular complication was higher in recipients with anemia than those without anemia (P＜0.01).The incidence of anemia in CsA+Aza+Pred treatment was 57.1％,which was significantly higher as compared to other three treatments (P＜0.01).Unconditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that male,creatinine level,acute reject reaction,delayed graft function (DGF) were the independent predictors of anemia,the corresponding OR values were 1.089,5.156,6.345,1.876.Conclusions Anemia is a common and serious complication in renal transplant recipients over 60 years old.Male,creatinine level,acute reject reaction,DGF are the independent risk factors of anemia in renal transplant recipients over 60 years old.

Objective To determine the effect of moderate hypothermia on coagulation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and investigate the clinical significance of thrombelastogram (TEG) monitoring.Methods Seventy-five patients with sTBI were randomly assigned to hypothermia group (conventional treatment + moderate hypothermia within 24 hours posttrauma,n =38) and control group (conventional treatment alone,n =38).TEG aided in monitoring coagulation function by measuring clot reaction time (R),clot formation time (K),clotting rate (α),maximal amplitude (MA),and percent fibrinolysis at 30 minutes after MA (LY30).Meantime,the intracranial pressure,vital signs,blood gas values,and blood electrolytes were also measured.Outcome was evaluated by using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS).Results The two groups were similar on admission with respect to R,K,α,MA,and LY30 (P ＞ 0.05),but the coagulation index in hypothermia group was significantly different from that in control group at days 1,2,3 and 7 posttreatment (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,moderate hypothermia therapy demonstrated decrease of intraeranial pressure (P ＜ 0.01),with no severe complications,low mortality and improved outcome in comparison with control group.Conclusion Moderate hypothermia improves the hypercoagulability in patients with sTBI without increasing the risk of hyperfibrinolysis and protects brain tissue by decreasing intracranial pressure.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Dahuang Xiaozhi Suppository in treating chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CABP/CPPS) of moist heat and blood stasis syndrome. Methods Two hundred patients of CABP/CPPS were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 100 cases in each group. 2 groups were disabled anti-infective meidicne and other preparations, and received diet and life intervention. The control group received the treatment of Qianliean Suppository, and the observation group received the treatment of Dahuang Xiaozhi Suppository, one capsule each time, once a day, into the anus depth of about 3–4 cm. Ten days were a treatment course with two day interval between each course of treatment. The treatment lasted for three courses. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed and compared. The indexes including the scores of NIH-CPSI, leukocyte count and lecithin corpuscles in prostatic fluid, and urinary flow rate were evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 100% (100/100) in the observation group and 78% (78/100) in the control group, and the observation group was much higher than control group (P<0.05). The scores of NIH-CPSI and leukocyte count in both groups were significantly lower after treatment (P<0.01), and those in observation group weresignificantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The cases with lecithin corpuscles++++in both groups were significantly more after treatment (P<0.01), and those in observation group were significantly more than those in control group (P<0.01). The peak flow rate and mean flow rate in both groups were higher after treatment (P<0.01), and it was higher in observation group (P<0.01). Conclusion The efficacy of Dahuang Xiaozhi Suppository in treating CABP/CPPS of moist heat and blood stasis syndrome is remarkable, and it is better than Qianliean Suppository.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Dahuang Xiaozhi Suppository combined with tetracycline in treating type Ⅲ prostatitis infected with nano-bacteria. Methods Totally 120 patients of type Ⅲprostatitis infected with nano-bacteria were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 60 cases in each group. Both groups were disabled anti-infective drugs and other preparations for diet and life intervention. Both groups received tetracycline, once a tablet, twice a day, orally. The treatment group received Dahuang Xiaozhi Suppository, once a capsule, once a day, placing in the anus 3-4 cm. 10 d was a treatment course, for 3 courses. The clinical efficacy, major symptoms improving time, NIH-CPSI, leukocyte count and ecithin corpuscles in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS), urinary flow rate, and cytokine content of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, were evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 100.0% (60/60) in treatment group and 83.3% (50/60) in the control group, and treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). Pelvic pain, urinary symptom, and scrotum wet improvement time of treatment group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before the treatment, the NIH-CPSI pain scores, urinary symptom scores, life quality score, leukocyte count and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 content of EPS in both groups were significantly lower after treatment (P<0.05), and the cases with lecithin corpuscles +++ - ++++ in both groups significantly increased after treatment (P<0.05). The urinary peak flow rate and mean flow rate in both groups were higher after treatment (P<0.05). There was statistical significance in the scores of NIH-CPSI pain, urinary symptom and life quality, leukocyte count and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 content of EPS, and the cases with lecithin corpuscles ++++ between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Dahuang Xiaozhi Suppository can improve the efficacy of treating type Ⅲ prostatitis infected with nano-bacteria. Combining Dahuang Xiaozhi Suppository with tetracycline can reduce prostate inflammation, with obvious efficacy.