Both aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhi bi tors are often used concomitantly in patients with cardiovascular disease.The s afety of the combination has been questioned. The potential antagonistic interac tions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin has become the focus of both increasing research and intense debate,with conflicting conclusions havin g been reported in the literature.We reviewed systematically available literatu re on the interactions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin in hyper- tension,acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure and found that further trials are needed to shed light on the effects and mechanism of interaction between these drugs.

Aim To study inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL)on 5-Fu-resistent HepG_2 cells and its mechanisms. Methods Inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL on established model of 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells was assessed with MTT assay in vitro. The concentration-time course of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid was detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thymidylic acid synthase (TS) expression was observed with immunohistochemical method,and NO content was determined with chemical method. Results Obvious inhibitory effects of 5-Fu-GCL (75,150,300,600,1200?mol?L-1) on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells were observed with IC_ 50 of 158.6 ?mol?L-1,far lower than that of free 5-Fu (400.9 ?mol?L-1). 5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) inhibited 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells in a time-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL was stronger than that of free 5-Fu during 12～48 h. Compared with free 5-Fu,5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) increased the content of intracellular fluid in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. 5-Fu-GCL(62.5,300,1200 ?mol?L-1) not only inhibited the expression of TS,but also increased the production of NO in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells,and these effects of 5-Fu-GCL(300,1200 ?mol?L-1) were stronger than those of free 5-Fu. Conclusion 5-Fu-GCL has inhibitory effect on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. The effect may be related to the increased concentration of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid,inhibited expression of TS and increased production of NO.

Aim To study the effect of the total flavonoids of turpinia arguta seen (TFS) on immune function of rats with adjuvant arthritis. Methods Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was induced on d0 by intradermal injection of Complete Freund′s Adjuvant (FCA), containing 10 mg heat-inactive BCG in 1ml paraffin oil. On d 28 after immunization, AA rats were killed by cervical decollation. Immune cells (splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages) were obtained, then cultured in vitro with TFS. Some immune indexes were detected respectively such as the splenocytes proliferation and the productions of IL-1 and IL-2 were measured by the method of cell proliferation, the production of prostaglandin E2 was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with normal groups, the response of splenocytes to ConA and LPS was lowered, IL-2 syn-thesis was decreased, and IL-1 and PGE_2 released from PM? were elevated. TFS (10~ -8 ~10~ -4 mg?L~ -1 ) not only increased splenocytes proliferation, which induced by ConA and LPS, and IL-2 production of splenocytes, but also reduced the elevated productions of IL-1 and PGE_2 released from peritoned macrophate in AA rats in vitro. Conculsion TFS could adjust abnormal immune function in AA rats.

OBJECTIVE: Explore the model of universal NICU newborns' hearing screening in high-risk neonates, preliminary understanding factor of hearing damage. METHOD: Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR) were used to detect newborns' hearing in 13 315 objects, that is newborns' hearing screening in NICU with TEOAE test who not pass, 42 days after will use AABR rescreening. Children's Hearing Center of Guangxi Child Health Hospital will diagnose the newborns that did not pass in 3 months. RESULT: In these 13 315 newborns, 5 151 subjects who did not pass the initial screening, 1910 subjects who also did not pass after 42 days, 1167 subjects cannot pass the rescreening after 3 months, 642 subjects were diagnosed congenital hearing impairment by Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential Test, the rate is 4.82%. CONCLUSION TEOAE and AABR are the suitable model of universal newborns' hearing screening in high-risk neonates.
Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Male ; Neonatal Screening

OBJECTIVEReal-time RT-PCR, cell culture and embryonated eggs culture for influenza detection were compared by analyzing the data of influenza surveillance in Shenzhen in second half of 2009.

METHODS1092 clinical samples (throat swabs) collected during second half of 2009 were tested by real-time RT-PCR, cell culture and embryonated eggs culture, and the results were analyzed by statistical methods.

RESULTSThe positive rate were 54.21%, 27.11% and 16.21% using real-time RT-PCR, cell culture and embryonated eggs culture, and the sensitive were 100%, 50% and 29.9%. The lowest dilutions of virus detected by real-time RT-PCR were 10(-2) TCID50/ml.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitive of real-time RT-PCR was higher than culture and the specificity was also very high. It was more suitable for emergency detect. The sensitive of cell culture for H3N2 subtype was higher, and sensitive of embryonated eggs culture for type B was higher.

Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Humans ; Orthomyxoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Virus Cultivation ; methods

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in Xiangya Hospital,and provide reference for preventing and controlling HAI.Methods The cross sectional surveys on preva-lence rates of HAI,cross-sectional antimicrobial use,and bacterial detection among all hospitalized patients on the given days in 2000-2014 (except 2006)were carried out by combination of bedside investigation and medical record reviewing.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2000-2014 decreased from 6.30% to 3.91%,difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 35.14,P < 0.001 );prevalence rates of community-associated infection(CAI)were 15.61%-15.76%,there was no significant difference among each year.General intensive care unit (ICU)had the highest prevalence rate;respiratory tract was the most common site of both HAI and CAI;urinary catheterization rate showed a decreased tendency,arteriovenous catheterization rate showed a increased tendency,difference were both significant(χ2 = 5.21,96.24,respectively,both P <0.001).In 2008 - 2014,pathogenic detection rates for specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents were 36.37%-44.51%,from patients with HAI were 34.00%-44.99%,detection rate of pathogens causing HAI were 41.57%-68.48%,all showed a increased tendency,difference was significant (χ2 = 22.78,10.03,26.49,respectively,all P < 0.001 ).Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing infection;both cross sectional and combination antimicrobial usage rates declined (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Prevention and control of HAI,and antimicrobial management has achieved preliminary success,prevalence rate of HAI and cross sectional antimicrobial usage rate declined obviously,the main pathogen is gram-negative bacteria,and the major infection site is lower respiratory tract.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health institutions in Anhui province. Methods:Primary health institutions in Anhui province were selected as the main research subjects. One hundred and six (106) primary health institutions from three areas/districts in Anhui province namely northern Anhui,Central Anhui,and Southern Anhui were selected with stratified random sampling as the first sample,and 54 pharmaceutical producing enterprises and 62 pharmaceutical trading enterprises were selected with convenience sampling method as the second sample. The survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires to record views of the respondents to help understand the current situation of drug supply from the first sample and the main de-terminants and solutions of drug shortage from two samples. Results:13% of the primary health institutions still suffer from serious shortage of drug supply; the drug distribution rate varies greatly between units, and 19% of the primary health institutions have a drug distribution rate below 70%,and all primary health institution within the scope of inves-tigation experienced drug shortages. The frequency of choices of determinants of drug shortage were in sequence of or-der:drug demand instability (19.20%), drugs have a new and higher profit alternative (15.94%), etc.; The fre-quency of choices of solutions of drug shortage of primary health institution were in sequence of order:to improve the national list of essential medicines(12.78%),appropriate improvement in efficacy the low-priced varieties(with cura-tive effect) (12.03%),etc. Conclusions:Primary health institutions suffer from drug shortage issue widely,and the reasons for the shortage of drugs are more complicated;the government should continue to implement relevant policies, comprehensively improving the primary health institution drug supply mechanisms in all to prevent drug shortages.

Objective: To summarize and investigate the characteristics, prognosis and treatments of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with trisomy 12 by using FISH (CEP12). Methods: Clinical data of 330 CLL patients were analyzed retrospectively by using FISH (CEP12) to detect trisomy 12 from May 2003 to April 2015. The clinical data and laboratory characteristics of CEP12 positive patients (70 cases) were compared with those CEP12 negative patients (260 cases). Results: Compared with CEP12 negative CLL patients, the proportion of hepatomegaly (13.6% vs 4.0%, P=0.011) and LDH>247 U/L (43.3% vs 18.5%, χ(2)=15.892, P<0.001) in CEP12 positive CLL patients were much higher, respectively. There were no significant differences between age, sex, clinical stage, β(2)-microglobulin level, IGHV mutation ratio and splenomegaly/lymphadenopathy in these two subgroups. However, compared with CEP12 negative patients, CEP12 positive patients had higher ratio of FMC7 (23.8% vs 12.7%, χ(2)=4.730, P=0.030), and lower ratio of CD23 (95.2% vs 99.6%, P=0.033). The overall response rates (ORR) in Fludarabine (without Rituximab), Rituximab (with or without Fludarabine) and the traditional chemotherapy group (chlorambucil, CHOP or CHOP-like) were 77.5% (31/40), 84.8% (56/66) and 45.4% (50/110), respectively. The ORR of the traditional chemotherapy group was lower than that of the Fludarabine group and Rituximab group. For CEP12 positive patients, the ORR was inferior to CEP12 negative patients when only using Fludarabine (P<0.05). However, when using Rituximab, the difference could be eliminated, and the ORR was even a little higher in CEP12 negative patients (91.7% vs 81.0%, P=0.306). Compared with CEP12 negative patients, there were no significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) (χ(2)=0.410, P=0.478) and overall survival (OS) (χ(2)=0.052, P=0.180) for CEP12 positive patients whom the median time from diagnosis to start treatment and OS time was 22.6 (95%CI 15.4-31.7) and 118.5 (95%CI 74.5-162.4) month while the 5-year PFS and OS were (52.9±7.6)% and (74.8±6.6)%. Conclusions: CEP12 positive CLL patients are more common in hepatomegaly and higher level of LDH. The traditional chemotherapy treatment had the lowest efficacy, and the curative effect of single use of fludarabine is not as good as that of CEP12 negative patients, however, when using Ritaximab, the efficacy could be comparable.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Trisomy ; Vidarabine

OBJECTIVETo identify the genetic susceptibility to Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and explore the interaction between low selenium (Se) and the susceptibility gene loci in KBD.

METHODSThe DNA samples collected from 23 KBD nuclear families were analyzed using PCR and GeneScan Analysis 3.7 and Genotyper3.7 software. The haplotype relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) were used to test the data of the genotypes. The serum selenium (Se) concentration was measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and the interaction between low Se and the susceptibility loci was calculated using a binary logistic regression.

RESULTSIn the 23 nuclear families, the alleles of D2S151 (248 bp), D2S305 (320 bp), and D11S4094 (194 bp) showed significant correlation to KBD (P<0.05). Serum Se concentrations in the studied individuals was 0.037 µg/ml. No significant statistical interaction was observed between low Se exposure and the susceptibility loci (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe polymorphisms in the STR loci D2S305, D2S151, and D11S4094 or the polymorphism loci near them might been related to KBD susceptibility. Low Se exposure shows no significant interaction with the susceptibility loci.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Child ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Kashin-Beck Disease ; blood ; etiology ; genetics ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Selenium ; blood ; Young Adult

Two new polyketides, chinoketides A and B (1 – 2) with a known compound xylarphthalide A (3), were isolated from the solid medium of the endophytes from the leaves of the relic plant Distylium chinense with the “black-box” co-culture method, and the structures of two new compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS and CD spectra. And the absolute configurations of chinoketides A (1) and B (2) were determined as 2R,3R,8S and 5R,6S by calculating their ECD spectra to compare with the experimental CD spectra. Finally, the antimicrobial activities were evaluated to Erwinia carotovora sub sp. Carotovora (Jones) Bersey et al, and the results showed that compounds 1 – 3 displayed the antimicrobial activities with MIC value at 20.5, 30.4 and 10.2 µg/mL.
Coculture Techniques ; Endophytes ; Methods ; Pectobacterium carotovorum ; Plants ; Polyketides