Objective To explore the effect of Yangxueqingnao granule in treatment of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD)patients with mild cognitive dysfunction (MCI).Methods 52 patients with SVD related MCI were selected.They were treated with Yangxueqingnao granule,each 4.0 g,3 times a day,3 months for a course of treat-ment.Montreal cognitive scale (MoCA),simple mental state scale (MMSE)and event related potential (P300)were detected before and after treatment,and the clinical effect was observed.Results After a course of treatment by Yan-gxueqingnao granule,the cognitive function and memory of 52 patients were improved to some extent.In addition to the attention of an MoCA meter to a foreign project[Visual space:before taking the medicine (2.92 ±0.26)points,after taking the medicine (3.25 ±0.66)points;Named:before taking the medicine (2.26 ±0.70)points,after taking the medicine(2.92 ±0.49)points;Language:before taking the medicine (1.47 ±0.70)points,after taking the medicine (2.17 ±0.98)points;Abstraction:before taking the medicine (0.45 ±0.38)points,after taking the medicine (0.68 ±0.63)points;Delayed recall:before taking the medicine (1.67 ±0.74)points,after taking the medicine (2.52 ±1.50)points;Directional:before taking the medicine (4.73 ±0.35 )points,after taking the medicine (5.52 ±0.57)points ]and total score[Before taking the medicine (18.75 ±0.66)points,after taking the medicine (19.12 ±1.45)points],the differences were statistically significant (the total score:t =7.56,P =0.000;Visual space:t =5.86,P =0.002;Named:t =5.42,P =0.000;Be careful:t =1.23,P =0.121;Language:t =4.52,P =0.000;Abstraction:t =2.65,P =0.001;Delayed memory:t =7.96,P =0.000).While the total score of MMSE scale [before taking the medicine (25.36 ±1.89)points,after taking the medicine (28.53 ±2.91 )points],memory [before taking the medicine (2.64 ±0.42)points,after taking the medicine (2.75 ±0.53)points]and recall [before taking the medicine (1.52 ±0.48)points,after taking the medicine (1.98 ±0.78)points ],the differences were statistically significant(the total score:t =2.78,Memory:t =1.95,Recall:t =3.43,all P <0.05).P300 before and after treatment[before taking the medicine P300 latency of (389 ±21)ms,after taking the medicine P300 latency of (341 ±18)ms)],the difference was significant (t =12.514,P <0.001).Conclusion Yangxueqingnao granule had therapeutic effect in patients with SVD -MCI.

Objective To explore the anesthetic management during high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) for liver cancer. Methods A total of 21 patients underwent combined intravenous and inhaled general anesthesia.The anesthesia was induced by the administration of propofol,midazolam,fentanyl,and vecuronium.Endotracheal intubation was performed for mechanical ventilation.The anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of isoflurane or enflurane combined with additional administration of fentanyl,propofol,and vecuronium.Optimal analgesia and muscular relaxation condition were maintained and the hemodynamic parameters and body temperature were kept stable during the operation.Results All the 21 patients were successfully treated with HIFU under general anesthesia.A deepen anesthesia was required to depress stimulus responses while HIFU treatment in 2 patients.The duration of operation was 245~423 min(329?48 min),the time to recovery from the anesthesia was 7~18 min(11?3 min),and the time to extubation was 9~24 min(15?4 min).A small amount of pleural effusion was observed after operation in 1 patient and spontaneously disappeared after 2 weeks.Conclusions Combined intravenous and inhaled general anesthesia is a safe and effective anesthetic method for HIFU treatment for liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of different programs of preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) in rabbits. Methods Forty-five New Zealand rabbits aged 4-5 months weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups: group S, sham operation ( n = 5);group IR, spinal cord I/R injury (n = 10);group H_(1～3) , the animals were pretreated with 100% O_2 at 2.5 ATA 1 h/d for 5 (group H_1 ), 10 (group H_2 ) , or 20 (group H_3 ) consecutive days respectively 24 h before spinal cord I/R. The animals were anesthetized with iv pentobarbital sodium 30 mg/kg. The artery in the ear and left femoral artery were cannulated for proximal and distal mean blood pressure monitoring. Spinal cord ischemia was produced by cross-clamping of abdominal aorta distal to renal artery for 20 min. Hind-limb motor function was assessed at 48 h after reperfusion according to the modified criteria established by Tarlov (0 = no spontaneous movement, 4= normal motor function) . The animals were then killed and the L_5 segment of the spinal cord was removed for detection of neuronal survival (by HE staining), apoptosis (by TUNEL) and degeneration (by Fluoro-Jade B staining). Results Preconditioning with 5 or 10 d of HBO improved the hind-limb motor function and preserved more normal neurons in the spinal cord after I/R injury. Both apoptotic and degenerative cell death were attenuated in H_1 and H_2 groups. There was no significant difference in hind-limb motor dysfunction and the number of normal neurons in the lumbar spinal cord between H_3 group and I/R group. Conclusion Preconditioning with 5 d or 10 d HBO induces tolerance against spinal cord I/R injury, whereas preconditioning with 20 d of HBO fails to protect the spinal cord from I/R injury.

AIM To investigate whether ATP sensitive pota ss ium channels are involved in the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on spinal cord in rabbits. METHODS Twenty seven male New Zealands white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups (9 in each group):ischemia gro up(IC)、ischemic preconditioning group (IPC) and glibenclamide + ischemic precon ditioning group(G+I). In IC group, spinal cord ischemia was induced by an infrar enal aorta clamping for 20 min; IPC group underwent a 6 min ischemic preconditio ning followed by 30 min of reperfusion before the 20 min clamping; G+I group wer e administered glibenclamide (an ATP sensitive potassium channel blocker, 2 mg? kg -1 )intravenously 20 min before the ischemic preconditioning. Neurologic function was scored at 8,12,24 and 48 h after reperfusion. All animals were sa crificed at 48 h after reperfusion and the spinal cords (L 5～7 ) were remov ed for histopathologic study. RESULTS The neurologic function sco res in IPC group at each observe interval were higher than those in IC group and G+I group (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of puerarin on the neural function and the histopathological changes after ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits.

METHODSThirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups as follows: puerarin group (n=10) receiving intravenous infusion of 30 mg/kg puerarin for 10 minutes, control group (n=10) receiving intravenous infusion of the same volume of normal saline as puerarin for 10 minutes, and sham operation group (n=10) undergoing only the surgical exposure of the abdominal aorta. Temporary spinal cord ischemia was induced by infrarenal aortic occlusion for 20 minutes and followed by reperfusion. The neural status was scored with the Tarlov criteria at 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion. All the animals were killed at 48 hours after reperfusion and the spinal cords (L5) were removed immediately for histopathological study.

RESULTSThe neural function scores at 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion were higher in the puerarin group and sham operation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). More normal motor neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord were present in the puerarin group and sham operation group than those in the control group (P<0.01). There was a strong correlation between the final neural function scores and the number of normal motor neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord (r=0.839, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPuerarin can significantly ameliorate the neural function and the histopathological damages after transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.

Animals ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Motor Neurons ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Spinal Cord Ischemia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study changes in the radiographic appearance during weight-bearing and non-weigh-bearing in hallux valgus, and to analyse the correlation between the elasticity of plantar soft tissue of hallux valgus and the pain under the metatarsal head.

METHODSFrom May 2012 to October 2012, 240 feet of 120 patients with hallux valgus were enrolled in the study. The degrees of the pian under the metatarsal head of all the patients were observed. AP and lateral X-ray films of feet were taken on the condition of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing. So the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the inter-metatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsals (IM1-2), the inter-metatarsal angle between the first and fifth metatarsals (IM1-5), top angle of the medial longitudinal arch (TAOTMLA),and anterior angle of the medial longitudinal arch (AAOTMLA) were measured on the X-ray films. The differences of HVA, IM1-2, IM1-5, TAOTMLA and AAOTMLA between two groups were compared, and the correlation between the changes of IM1-2, IM 1-5, TAOTMLA, AAOTMLA and the degree of the pain under the metatarsal head were analysed.

RESULTSOne hundred and forty-eight feet had the pain under the metatarsal head. The IM1-2, IM1-5 and TAOTMLA increased on weight-bearing position compared with those on non-weight-bearing position, but the HVA and AAOTMLA decreased on weight-bearing position compared with those on non-weight-bearing position. There was a moderate relationship between the changes of IM 1-2,IM1-5 and the degree of the hallux valgus deformity, as well as the relationship between the different of IM1-5 and the degree of the pian under the metatarsal head.

CONCLUSIONThe degree of the collapse of the arch of foot with hallux valgus becomes serious with its deformity increasing. The pain under the metatarsal head of hallux valgus increases with the increased changes of IM 1-2,IM 1-5 and TAOTMLA. Analysis of the X-ray observation indexes of hallux valgus on weight-bearing position and non-weight-bearing position has important significance in evaluating the degree of the collapse of the arch of foot with hallux valgus,preventing and curing the the pain under the metatarsal head.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hallux ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Hallux Valgus ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Metatarsalgia ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Weight-Bearing ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the change in protein expression of peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) during pulmonary fibrosis among rats exposed to silica dust and to investigate the role of Prx I in pulmonary fibrosis.

METHODSNinety male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 30). The control group received intratracheal perfusion of saline (1 ml), while the experimental group received intratracheal perfusion of suspension of silica dust (50 mg/ml) to establish a rat model of silicosis. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 weeks after treatment, 10 rats in control group and 5 rats in experimental group were sacrificed. The lung tissues were collected for conventional pathological observation. The protein expression of Prx I at each time point was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

RESULTSAmong the rats exposed to silica dust, Prx I was seen in the form of brown particles that were mainly distributed in the alveolar septa and the cytoplasm of alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells around the blood vessels and tracheae. The control group showed weak protein expression of Prx I, and the experimental group had significantly higher protein expression of Prx I than the control group at all time points (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the protein expression of Prx I was upregulated significantly at 1 and 2 weeks and decreased at 3∼8 weeks.

CONCLUSIONThe change in protein expression of Prx I may be one of the important causes of the onset and development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats exposed to free silica.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung ; enzymology ; pathology ; Male ; Peroxiredoxins ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity ; Silicosis ; enzymology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in primary prostate cancer and its clinical significance.

METHODSExpressions of COX-2 and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemical assay in tissues of 40 prostate cancer and 10 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples.

RESULTSCOX-2 and VEGF levels in prostate cancer were much higher than those in BPH. The degrees of cancer malignancy and invasion positively correlated with the expressions of COX-2 and VEGF. COX-2 level positively correlated with VEGF level.

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal expression of COX-2 plays an important role in the development of primary prostate cancer. COX-2 and VEGF are good molecular markers of prostate cancer which are hopeful to be used for the assistant diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis of prostate cancer.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis

BACKGROUNDThe neuroprotective effect of the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor has been demonstrated in acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes. But its function under cerebral ischemic conditions is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of emulsified flurbiprofen axetil (FA, COX inhibitor) and its therapeutic time window in a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.

METHODSForty-eight male SD rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 8 in each group); three FA groups, vehicle, sham and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) groups. Three doses of FA (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, intravenous infusion) were administered just after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The degree of neurological outcome was measured by the neurologic deficit score (NDS) at 24, 48 and 72 hours after I/R. Mean brain infarct volume percentage (MBIVP) was determined with 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining at 72 hours after I/R. In three other groups (n = 8 in each group), the selected dosage of 10 mg/kg was administrated intravenously at 6, 12 and 24 hours after I/R.

RESULTSThe three different doses of FA improved NDS at 24, 48 and 72 hours after I/R and significantly reduced MBIVP. However, the degree of MBIVP in the FA 20 mg/kg group differed from that in FA 10 mg/kg group. Of interest is the finding that the neuroprotective effect conferred by 10 mg/kg of FA was also observed when treatment was delayed until 12 - 24 hours after ischemia reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONCOX inhibitor FA is a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia and its therapeutic time window could last for 12 - 24 hours after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, which would help in lessening the initial ischemic brain damage.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flurbiprofen ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors