OBJECTIVE: To promote rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS: 275 ADR case reports collected by ADR monitoring center of Yaan city from 2005 to 2007 were classified and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The occurrence of ADR induced by Chinese materia medica preparations through Ⅳin 2005 accounted for 80.4% of the total(56 cases).The occurrence of ADR induced by Chinese materia medica preparations through Ⅳ in 2006 accounted for 79.8% of the total(113 cases).The occurrence of ADR induced by Chinese materia medica preparations through Ⅳ in 2007 accounted for 75.5% of the total(106 cases).The Chinese medicinal injection was the chief dosage form causing ADR. CONCLUSION: Timely reporting of Chinese materia medica preparations-induced ADRs, strengthened monitoring and research of which may help to reduce and avoid the ADRs incidence induced by Chinese materia medica preparations and ensure patients' medication safety.

Objective We screened autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) from patients who had abnormal liver function without any viral marker in serum, and investigated the clinical and pathological features of AIH type Ⅰ. Methods According to the revised descriptive criteria and scoring system for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group, we examined the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients who were diagnosed as AIH type Ⅰ. Results All patients (32 cases) diagnosed as AIH type Ⅰ were female. The age distribution showed a single peak in the decades of the fifties and sixties. Liver function test of these patients showed hepatic profile. Twenty eight patients (87.5%) had hypergammaglobulinemia, 26(81.3%) and elevated serum IgG level. Twenty six cases were positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA). Twelve patients (37.5%) had concurrent autoimmune diseases. Among fifteen patients who underwent liver biopsy, interface hepatitis and lobular hepatitis were observed in 11(73.3%) and 5(33.3%) patients, respectively. Rosetting of liver cells and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis were also detected in 3(20%) and 6(40%) patients respectively. Twenty one patients (65.5%) were considered to have a complete response to immunosuppressive therapy; 9(28.1%) relapsed; and 12(37.5%) sustained remission. Conclusions Autoimmune hepatitis type Ⅰ is mainly diagnosed in middle aged women, characterized by interface hepatitis on histologic examination, the presence of circulating autoantibody, hypergammaglobulinemia and response to immunosupressive treatment.

With the recent success of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway inhibitor in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a number of new agents targeting the BCR signaling pathway are in a clinical research stage. In addition, multiple trials combining these agents with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunomodulatory agents, monoclonal antibodies, or other kinase inhibitors are underway. Studies have also found the drug resistance of BCR signaling pathway inhibitors, drawing attention of the mechanism and the way to overcome the drug resistance. Combined with the research progress reported in 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting, this article summarized the recent progress of BCR signaling pathway inhibitors and their resistance mechanism to provide new information on clinical therapy.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency ; complications ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Lymphoma ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; trends ; Prognosis ; Zidovudine ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND:Catheter associated urinary tract infection is a difficult problem for clinical practice management, and its key pathogenesis is the bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of the catheter material. Therefore, developing a new anti-infective urinary catheter has become an area of interest in the current studies of anti-infective biological materials. OBJECTIVE:To review the research literatures on anti-infective urinary catheter, and provide a direction for further study and clinical application. METHODS:Al related Chinese patent papers of anti-infective urinary catheters were retrieved by Google’s proprietary search platform (http://www.google.com/advanced_patent_search) until the deadline of March 26, 2014, with the search strategy of‘Return the patents with the fol owing proprietary name:urinary catheter’. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:According to the predefined search strategy, 949 potential y relevant patent papers were screened out for further identification, and 23 papers referred to anti-infective catheters that were obviously eligible were included. The analyses showed that:(1) The antibacterial coating agents of the majority of papers were antibacterial agents of nano-inorganic metal cations, only four papers used antibiotic coated. (2) The drug-eluting catheters were mainly composite-coated. (3) The drug release modes from coating were mainly extended-release but release mechanism was not clarified. (4) The preparation process was chemical bond or ionic bond in one paper, blending methods in one paper, repeated electroplating in one paper, electrospinning technology in one paper, and physical impregnation methods in 12 papers (52.17%). (5) The antimicrobial mode was ultrasonic-antibacterial method in two patent papers, sterile sleeve in one paper, hydrophilic coating in one paper, catheter made by blending polymer material and anti-infective agents in one paper, drug coated films made by coating with antimicrobial drug liquid and drying process in 20 papers (82.61%). In conclusion, there have been no translational and applied clinical researches about the anti-infective urinary catheter, and the relevant researches were only at the laboratory level. The research methods of Chinese patent for anti-infective urinary catheter were limited, and need to be further improved.

[Objective]To evaluate diagnostic and the therapeutic options of osteoid osteoma of the spine associated with scoliosis. [Methods]Nine patients with osteoid osteoma of the spine were treated from 1997 to 2006.All patients presented with spine deformity as their main complaint at the first consultation.The mean age was 15.2 years (range 8-21 years).Two patients had their osteoid osteoma in the thoracic area,2 in the thorcolumbar area ,and 5 in the lumbar area.Three were well controlled after long term administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,and the other 6 were treated with en bloc excision.[Results]All the 6 patients with en bloc excision of the tumor were pain-free post-operatively.The scoliotic curve disappeared or was less than 15 degrees in 5,but the structural curve persisted in 4.[Conclusion]The spinal osteoid osteoma should be suspected when back pain or painful scoliosis occurs in adolescents.Computed tomography is necessary to evaluate the location and features of the lesion.En bloc excision of the tumor can be suggested if the symptoms are not well relieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Objective To investigate the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits, and the effects of smoking on its expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods Blood was collected from 92 healthy male smokers and 36 healthy male non-smokers. Peripheral blood monocytic cells were obtained, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to study the gene expression of 11 nAchR subunits (?2-?7, ?9, ?10, ?2-?4). Results The results showed that the PBMCs of smokers and non-smokers appeared to express ?2, ?5, ?6 and ?7 only out of 11 nAchR subunits. However, the expression of ?5 and ?7 subunits was lower in smokers′ PBMCs than in non-smokers′ (P

Objective To explore the efficacy of tentorium cerebelli hiatus incision for treatment of severe brain injury complicated with tentorial herniation. Methods Tentorium cerebelli hiatus incision was performed in 38 patients of severe brain injury with secondary brain stem damage resulted from tentorial herniation after intracranial hematoma evacuation and bone flap craniotomy decompression. The changes of four sides cistern, ambient cistern and interpeduncular cistern before and after operation were observed. Results There was a siginificant difference in the appearance ratio of four sides cistern, ambient cistern and interpeduncular cistern between the preoperation and postoperation(P

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the influence of insulin resistance on fatty liver in the mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD).METHODS:Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into HFD group (with 60% calories by high saturated fatty acid) and control group (with chow diet).The mice in both groups were fed for 12 weeks.The body weight, liver weight, serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), and blood glucose and insulin levels were meas-ured.Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiment was applied to reflect insulin sensitivity .The lipid deposition in the liver was analyzed by HE staining , Sudan IV staining and measurement of liver fat content .The phosphorylation levels of IRS1 and Akt, and the protein levels of SREBP-1 and FAS were determined by Western blot to reflect the activities of insu-lin signaling and lipid synthesis .RESULTS:Compared with control group , the body weight and liver weight were signifi-cantly increased in HFD group .TG and TC contents in serum and liver tissues were remarkably increased in HFD group . High-fat diet induced insulin resistance , as evidenced by increased serum insulin levels , reduced glucose infusion rate and decreases in IRS1 and Akt phosphorylation levels .In livers of HFD group, HE staining showed that the cytoplasm of hepa-tocytes was filled with vacuoles .Sudan IV staining also displayed that many different sizes of red lipid drops existed in the hepatocytes , and the protein levels of SREBP-1 and FAS were significantly increased .In primary normal hepatocytes with exogenous oleic acid intervention for 48 h, the phosphorylation levels of IRS 1 and Akt were reduced , and the protein ex-pression of SREBP-1 and FAS was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner .CONCLUSION: Feeding with HFD leads to insulin resistance , resulting in activation of lipid synthesis and accumulation of lipid deposition in the liver , thus inducing fatty liver .

Objective The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of ischemic colitis (IC) were retrospectively reviewed. Methods 23 aged patients with IC were included; their symptoms,signs,laboratory findings and endoscopic appearances analysed. Results IC occurred most frequently in mid-aged and elders with predominant presentations as acute onset of lower abdominal pains and bloody stools.Endoscopic lesions located mainly in left colon with segmental distribution.Mucosal edema,erosion and submucosal bleeding were common pathological features.Most lesions (91％ ) looked to be nongangrenous, transient and reversible.Only 9 percent of cases turned into chronic stage. Conclusion IC should be suspected in all eldly patients with acute onset of lower abdominal pain and bloody stools.Early colonoscopy is of diagnostic significance.