Renal cancer is a common malignant tumor in urology, with complicated pathogenesis and no obvious clinical symptoms. Metastatic renal cancer accounts for 20%-30% of the newly diagnosed renal cancer. The 5-year survival rate for metastatic patients is less than 10%.At present, the main non-surgical treatment means of mRCC include cytokines and targeted drug therapy, and immunotherapy has also become a research hotspot of mRCC. The current status and research progress of mRCC therapy were reviewed. The medical treatment methods of metastatic renal cancer, such as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors; immunotherapies, such as immunosuppressants for PD-1/PD-L1 were also discussed.

The therapy of removing beat and toxic,strengthening the body to cultivate the fundamental is the mainstream of treating cancer in traditional Chinese medicine up to now,and the therapy of warming yang has been rarely involved.While the pathogenesis of tumor is spleen and kidney yang deficiency in root,and phlegm,stasis,and poison entangled with each other at the secondary position; the main therapeutical principle of tumor is simultaneous application of purging-tonifying therapy while focusing on protecting yang.The author believes that the treatment of cancer should pay attention to the whole concept,especially warming yang for patients with advanced tumors.The therapy of warming yang is an effective way to get rid of phlegm and blood stasis.Patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be paid more attention to warming yang.

LSAB immunohistochemistry and digoxin-labeled in situ hybridization methods were used to detect the expression of EGFR and TGF-a and the transcription of EGFR-mRNA in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues. The expression rate of EGFR and TGF-α in 46 cases of human RCC tissues were significantly higher than that in 38 cases of corresponding autologous normal kidney tissues (EGFR.. 53. 4 % vs 21.0 %;TGF-α: 39. 1 /% vs 13. 2 %, P＜0. 05). Both EGFR and TGF-α were simultaneously overexpressed in some cases of RCC tissues. No relationship existed between EGFR or TGF-α and the RCC staging and grading. The positive rate of transcription EGFR-mRNA in 25 cases of RCC tissues was significantly higher than that in 20 cases of corresponding autologous normal kidney tissues (44 % vs 15 %, P＜0. 05). The above findings demonstrated that RCC tissues overexpressed EGFR and TGF-αand overtranscribed EGFR-mRNA. The overexpressed EGFR and TGF-α might contribute to the growth and development of RCC by taking part in the autocrine growth loop in RCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of 6 % hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 200/0.5 infusion before operation on postoperative immne function in patients. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 21-58 yr weighing 47-79 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 20 each): 6% HES 200/0.5 group (group H) and compound sodium acetate group (group A). 6% HES 200/0.5 10 ml/kg or compound sodium acetate solution was infused intravenously over 15 min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium and maintained with target-controlled infusion of propofol and infusion of remifentanil. Venous blood samples were collected before operation and at 1 h, 1 day and 3 days after operation to detect the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, IgG, IgA andIgM. Results Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, II-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher after operation in the two groups, and serum concentrations of IgA and IgG were significantly lower after operation in group A than those before operation ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower, while serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-10, IgA and IgG were significantly higher after operation in group H than in group A ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion Preoperative infusion with 6% HES 200/0.5 can improve the immune function after operation in patients.

Observe and study the morphological changes and effects on yoleperoxidase (MPO) of traditional Chinese medical complex Intestine-clearing Suppository (ICS) in preventing and treating ulcerative colitis (UC).Method.. Divide the experimental rats randomly into 6 groups, i.e., blank, salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP), model, high, middle and low dosage of ICS, except the blank group, makeother rats experimental UC model with albumen immunologic method of rabbit colon mucosa, further divide them randomly into 2 experimental groups, i. e. , prevention and treatment, afterwards at 2nd~21st day, give prevention group the medicine, 22nd~35th day, treatment group, then decapitate them and take the colon tissue, and observe it morphologically under optical microscope, measure active MPO, analyse statastic results. Result: Through general morphological observation ,we found there were serious congestion ,edema, mucosa erosion, many large ulcers in the rats of model group; less serious mucosa erosion and quantity of ulcers in SASP and low-dosage ICS groups: small ulcers, not serious mucosa erosion, low degree of congestion and edema in high-and middle-dosage ICS groups; the scores of inflammatory injury of ICS groups were markedly lower than that of model (P＜0. 01), meanwhile, the preventive and reating effectiveness of high-and middle-dosage groups was better than that of SASP (P＜0.05). Under the optical microscope, there were large area of mucosa coloboma in the rats of model group, the ulcer penetrated to muscular layer and serous coat; in SASP group and low-dosage ICS group, there were erosive mucosa and inflammatory cell infiltration, granulation on the base; in middle-and high-dosage groups, large part of colon mucosa recovered, granulation formed on the base, ulcers were obviously less than that in model group (P <＜0.01); there had marked difference compared with that in SASP group (P＜0.05). The MPO active values of high-and middle-dosage groups were markedly lower than that of model group (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese complex ICS had good prevention and treatment to rats UC, itseffectiveness was positively correlated with dosage and better than that of SASP suppository.

Augmented reality technology has great clinical application potential in functional rehabilitation of human hand. The principle,structure and difficulties of augmented reality technology application in functional rehabilitation of human hand were analyzed. 8 typical systems were introduced and discussed, based on which the advantages and disadvantages of these systems were compared. Finally, the relevant developing tendency and prospect in future was predicated.

Electromagnetic Fields ; Threshold Limit Values

Gene Expression Profiling ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; classification ; genetics ; pathology ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate the relationship between edema and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) within traumatic penumbra (TP) of rats with brain trauma.Methods Eighty-eight healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n =11) and trauma group (n =77),according to the random number table.Trauma group were further subdivided into seven time points (1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 7 d) of 11 animals each.Brain tissue samples from the moderate brain models were collected to evaluate brain edema with histological observation,blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability with semiquantitative immunohistohemical staining of IgG,and AQP4 expression with immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results In control group pathology and IgG staining revealed no abnormalities and expression of AQP4 was few.In trauma group light edema zone was visualized at 1 h,began widening,reached the peak at 12 h [(1.589 ±0.020)mm],and then began narrowing.There were significances in width of the edematous band at each time point except for the comparison at 24 h vs.48 h and 72 h vs.7 d (P ＜ 0.05).After trauma,vasogenic edema was found in edema zone at 1 h,intracellular edema was found at 6 h,both aggravated at 12 h and alleviated slightly at 24 h,and intracellular edema predominated at 48 h.IgG showed intensively positive staining at 1,12 and 48 h,and weak staining at 6 h,24 h,72 h and 7 d.After trauma,expression of AQP4 decreased at 1 h (0.659 ± 0.021),returned slightly at 6 h (1.257 ±0.058),peaked at 12 h (2.499 ±0.136),declined again at 24 h (2.267 ± 0.068),re-raised at 72 h (2.078 ± 0.065),and returned to the baseline at 7 d (1.280 ± 0.065).There were significant differences in level of AQP4 at each time point except for the comparison at6h vs.7 d,24 h vs.72 h and 24 h vs.72 h (P＜0.05).Conclusions In the early phase vasogenic edema characterized by BBB damage is significant within TP,which leads to decreased expression of AQP4.However,the subsequent up-regulation of AQP4 results in intracellular edema,which accelerate the spreading of TP.AQP4 may involve in body's defense reaction.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of abdominal electroacupuncture plus umbilicus application with Chinese medication in treating poststroke constipation.Method A total of 160 patients with poststroke constipation were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 80 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by abdominal electroacupuncture plus umbilicus application with Chinese medication, while the control group was intervened by oral administration of Phenolphthalein tablets. The constipation symptoms scores were observed before and after the treatment, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result In the treatment group, the constipation symptoms scores were significantly changed after the treatment (P<0.05). In the control group, the scores of defecation duration and abdominal bloating were significantly changed after the treatment (P<0.05). The constipation scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group after the treatment (P<0.05). The recovery rate and total effective rate were respectively 66.3% and 92.5% in the treatment group, versus 40.0% and 78.8% in the control group, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Abdominal electroacupuncture plus umbilicus application with Chinese medication is an effective method in treating poststroke constipation.