OBJECTIVE To study the distribution and drug resistance supervision of infection pathogens of Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia in lower respiratory tract of senile patients and draft preventive and control measures.METHODS The sputum and lower respiration secretion of 368 senile patients were cultured to detect pathogens which were confirmed by routine methods.The disk diffusion test was adopted to analyze drug resistantce.RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa rated the top one,reached 25.0%;the drug resistance supervision manifested that the resistant rates of Gram negative organisms to the routine drugs were high except for Haemophilus influenzae.And extensive-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) occurred with rate of 30.2%.CONCLUSIONS It is very necessary for clinical microbiology department to detect pathogens of lower respiratory tract pneumonia among senile patients and then to give reasonable advice for medicine in time.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the spread status and drug-resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing chronic bacterial prostatitis among the senile patients,and provide the reference for clincal diagnosis and treatment.METHODS Prostatic fluid from the senile patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis was collected,and bacterial cultures and susceptibility tests were performed.The data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS Among 216 prostatic fluid specimens from the senile patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis,140 isolates of pathogenic bacteria were detected.In these strains,Gram-positive cocci accounted for 60.0% and most of them were Staphylococcus aureus.Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 40.0% and most of them were Escherichia coli.Pathogens causing prostatitis have been resistant to the common antibiotics.Among the total staphylococci,meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus(MRS) accounted for 34.8%.And among the total Enterobacteriaceae,ESBLs producing bacteria accounted for 35.6%.CONCLUSIONS Chronic bacterial prostatitis in the senile patients possesses intractability and persisting.It is important to monitor the pathogens and their drug-resistance.

AIM:To develop a method for determining cholic acid by HPLC-ELSD and GC was applied to determing muscone;in Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule(Calculus Bovis,Moschus,Venenum Bufonis,Olibanum,Myrrha).METHODS:AC_(18) column(Kromasil C_(18),5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)was used as stationary phase,the mobile phase was methanol-0.01% glacial acetic acid(73:21)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The parameters of ELSD were set as follows:evaporation temperature was 40℃,carrier gas(N_2)pressure was 200 kPa.The GC system consisted of DB-1 capillary column(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm)and FID as the detector.The programmed temperature-GC and internal standard method were employed to determine the content of muscone.RESULTS:The linear ranges of cholic acid and muscone were in the range of 45.2 ng-904 ng and 0.05 mg/mL-0.5 mg/mL respectively.The average recoveries were 99.06% and 99.40% with RSD of 1.56% and 0.95% respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is convenient and accurate,and it can be used for the quality evaluation of Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule.

AIM:To develop a method for determining cholic acid by HPLC-ELSD and GC was applied to determing muscone;in Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule(Calculus Bovis,Moschus,Venenum Bufonis,Olibanum,Myrrha).METHODS:A C18 column(Kromasil C18,5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm)was used as stationary phase,the mobile phase was methanol-0.01% glacial acetic acid(73:27) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The parameters of ELSD were set as follows:evaporation temperature was 40 ℃,carrier gas(N2) pressure was 200 kPa.The GC system consisted of DB-1 capillary column(30 m?0.32 mm?0.25 ?m) and FID as the detector.The programmed temperature-GC and internal standard method were employed to determine the content of muscone.RESULTS:The linear ranges of cholic acid and muscone were in the range of 45.2 ng-904 ng and 0.05 mg/mL—0.5 mg/mL respectively.The average recoveries were 99.06% and 99.40% with RSD of 1.56% and 0.95% respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is convenient and accurate,and it can be used for the quality evaluation of Jawei Xihuang Soft Capsule.

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclin D3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and their clinical significance in mal ignant melanoma. Methods The expression of cyclin D3 and PCNA was measured by streptavidin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemical technique in 57 cases of pri mary cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), 37 cases of metastatic melanoma and 20 cases of benign nevi. Results The positive expression rate of cyclin D3 in CM M and metastatic melanoma were 35.1% and 59.5% respectively, while the high expr ession rate of PCNA were 57.9% and 78.6% respectively. Compared with that in ben ign nevi, the expression of cyclin D3 and PCNA was significantly increased. The expression of cyclin D3 and PCNA in CMM was positively related to Clark′s grade and the metastasis to lymph nodes. The 3-year survival rate in patients with ne gative expression of cyclin D3 was significantly higher than that with positive expression in superficial melanomas. The 3-year survival rate of patients with l ow expression of PCNA was significantly higher than that with high expression in CMM. The expression of cyclin D3 was positively correlated with the high expres sion of PCNA in superficial and metastatic melanomas. Conclusions The expressi on of cyclin D3 and PCNA may be involved in the carcinogenesis process and progr ession of CMM and have important implications in the selection of therapeutic re gimens and prognostic assessment. The expression level of cyclin D3 may be regar ded as a prognostic factor for superficial melanoma.

OBJECTIVE:To study the stability of the mixture of cefradine for injection and ornidazole sodium chloride injection.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted in which the Nova-pak C 18 was taken as the chromatographic column,methanol-water(35∶65)was taken as the mobile phase with detection wavelength at240nm.The contents were determined after mixing of cefradine for injection and ornidazole sodium chloride injection under the room temperature within8hours,and the appearance of the solution was observed and its pH value was determined.RESULTS:No significant differences were found in terms of the appearance,pH value and the contents of the mixed solution.CONCLUSION:The mixture of ornidazole for injection and cefradine sodium chloride injection can be used under room temperature within8hours of mixing.

Gap junction is one kind of synapse coexisting with chemical synapse in the nervous system. Nowadays with the development of electrophysiological technique,more research began to focus on the role of gap junction in the neural network,especially in the cognitive function. Gap junction collaborates with chemical synapses to induce the neural network activities related to memory and perception,such as gamma and ripple oscillation,which is regarded as the mechanism of the role of gap junction in cognitive function. This review introduces the structure of gap junction,distribution and expression of different kinds of connexins in central nervous system,which are the basic element of gap junction. Furthermore,this review discusses the role of gap junction in cognition related network oscillations and activity-dependent plasticity of gap junction.

The essay discussed on how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recognizes the mechanism of fatigue stage from three organs of liver, spleen and heart. TCM believes the mechanism of fatigue in sub-health lies in stagnation of liver Qi due to emotional disorder and deficiency both Qi and blood due to overexertion hurting heart and spleen. Stagnation of liver Qi plays an leading role in the occurrence and development of fatigue state, while the strain of heart and spleen is the important manifestation of this state.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of terlipressin in the management of ascites after hepatectomy.Methods Fifty-four patients with hepatic cancer who were admitted to the Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College from January 2010 to January 2011 were randomly divided into the research group (28 patients) and control group (26 patients) according to the random number table.Patients in the research group were treated by the terlipressin and albumin,and patients in the control group were treated by furosemide and albumin.The volume of ascites,urine output,renal function,electrolyte balance,recovery after hepatectomy and complications of the 2 groups were investigated.All data were analyzed by the t test,chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results The volume of postoperative maximum drainage was (351 ± 174) ml in the research group,which was significantly lesser than (551 ±233)ml in the control group (t =3.604,P ＜ 0.05).The total urine output of the research group was significantly higher than that of the control group at postoperative day 1 and day 3 (t =5.816,2.722,P ＜ 0.05).All patients had normal renal function except 1 patient was complicated by hepatorenal syndrome in the control group.Electrolyte imbalance was observed in 3 patients (11％) in the research group and 9 patients (35％) in the control group,with a significant difference (x2 =4.456,P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative time of intensive care unit stay and the anal exsufflation time of the research group were (22 ± 12)hours and (68 ±24)hours,which were similar to (23 ± 10)hours and (76 ±28)hours of the control group (t =0.331,1.130,P ＞0.05).The abdominal drainage tube removal time and hospital stay of the research group were (102 ± 42)hours and (15 ±4)days,which were significantly shorter than (140 ±50) hours and (18 ±5)days (t =3.032,2.443,P ＜ 0.05).There were 1 patient in the research group complicated with high blood pressure and 1 patient in the control group with cardiac arrhythmia.The incidences of adverse reaction were 4％ (1/28) in the research group and 4％ (1/26) in the control group,with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Terlipressin is effective in the management of ascites after hepatectomy,has less effect on electrolyte balance and is beneficial to quick recovery.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of nimesulide granules by HPLC. Methods:An Inertsil ODS-SP C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used, and the mobile phase was 0. 01 mol·L-1 potassium hydrogen phosphate anhy-drous-acetonitrile(55∶45)[adjusting pH to (7. 2 ± 0. 05) with phosphoric acid]. The detection wavelength was set at 399nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1. The injection volume was 20 μl. Results: The linear range of nimesulide was 0.044-0.222 μg(r=0. 999 9), the average recovery was 99. 22% and RSD was 0. 46%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate with promis-ing sensitivity and reproducibility, and can be used in the determination of nimesulide granules .