Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hydromorphone for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after hip replacement in elderly patients.Methods Seventy patients, aged 65-75 yr, weighing 40-70 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective unilateral hip replacement, were randomly divided into either analgesia with hydromorphone group (group H, n =35) or analgesia with fentanyl group (group F, n=35).After a loading dose of 20 μg/kg of hydromorphone was injected at the beginning of skin closure, a PCA pump was connected, and the PCIA solution contained hydromorphone 0.25 mg/kg and tropisetron 10 mg in 120 ml of normal saline in group H.After a loading dose of 1 μg/kg of hydromorphone was injected at the beginning of skin closure, a PCA pump was connected, and the PCIA solution contained fentanyl 25 μg/kg and tropisetron 10 mg in 120 ml of normal saline in group F.The PCA pump was set up with a 0.5 ml bolus dose, a 15 min lockout interval and the background infusion at a rate of 2 ml/h in both groups.Tramadol 0.5 mg/kg was injects intravenously as rescue analgesic, and visual analogue scale score was maintained ≤ 3.The Ramsay sedation score,the number of attempts and the number of tramadol administration were recorded at 24 and 48 h after operation.The adverse effects within 48 h after operation and patient's satisfaction with analgesia were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the Ramsay sedation score, the number of attempts and the number of Tramadol administration between H and F groups.Compared with group F, the incidence of adverse effects such as postoperative nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, drowsiness, urinary retention, was significantly decreased, and the level of satisfaction with analgesia was increased in group H.Conclusion Hydromorphone provides accurate efficacy for PCIA after hip replacement in elderly patients, with fewer adverse effects and higher level of patient' s satisfaction.

The present study is establish the quantitative analysis of multi-component with single marker for determining three anthroic acids, (25S)-antcin K, (25R)-antcin K and (25S)-antcin C in the petri dish cultured Antrodia camphorata. The relative correction factors of (25S)-antcin K and (25R)-antcin K were established by high performance liquid chromatography with (25S)-antcin C as the internal reference. Relative correction factors were used to calculate the contents of (25S)-antcin K and (25R)-antcin K which were difficult to gain in abundance. At the same time, the contents of these three compounds were determined by external standard method. Two methods were compared to evaluate the accuracy and rationality of the multi-components with single marker method in the determination of the petri dish cultured A. camphorate. It was found that the quantitative method of multi-component with single marker and external standard method showed no significant difference. In summary, taking (25S)-antcin C as the internal reference, the method of multi-component with single marker can be applied to the quantitative analysis of (25S)-antcin K and (25R)-antcin K in the petri dish cultured A. camphorata.
Antrodia ; chemistry ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Cholestenes ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid