OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of total saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced kidney damage in mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS Thirty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group, CDDP group, and GSLS(150 and 300)+CDDP groups. GSLS was administered to mice by oral gavage once a day for 7 d. On the 7th day, a single injection of CDDP 20 mg·kg-1 was given 1 h after GSLS 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 before GSLS 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 continued to be given for 3 d. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) , catalase (CAT) in renal tissue, reduced glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) and interleukin 1β(IL-1β) of cisplatin induced mice were detected after 72 h. HE and PAS staining were used to observe the renal histopathological changes;While TUNEL and Hoechst33258 staining were employed to observe apoptosis in kidney tissues. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, CDDP group had a significant reduction in relative body mass (P<0.05), and the level of GSH and CAT in kidney tissues (P<0.05). The level of CRE, BUN, TNF-α, and IL-1βin serum and renal indexes significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), especially BUN and CRE that respectively doubled and quadrupled. CDDP group developed glomerulus swelling, renal tubular expansion and epithelial cell necrosis. Trans?parent tube type of tube cavity appeared, the nucleus pycnosis disappeared, but renal interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared. There was a large amount of glycogen deposition and high expressions of TUNEL positive cells and Hoechst33258 positive cells. Compared with CDDP group, the levels of BUN and CRE in GSLS treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in serum, glycogen deposition was reducted and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells decreased in kidney tissues (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α, IL-1β(P<0.05) and the degree of renal tissue necrosis were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in CDDP+GSLS 300 group, but there was a significant increase in the level of CAT and GSH (P<0.05). CONCLUSION GSLS can protect against mouse kidney injury induced by cisplatin. The mechanism may be related to oxidation, reduced inflammation reaction and resistance to apoptosis.

Objective To observe the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in substantia nigra in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods A total of 96 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin group. Each group was divided into 4 days and 8 days subgroups after the model. PD model was established by injecting rotenone subcutaneously. The expres-sion of PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in substantia nigra was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham group, the expression of PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR increased in the model group (P<0.05), and was more in 8 days subgroup than in 4 days subgroup (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR reduced in the LY294002 group (P<0.05), while the expression of PI3K varied little (P>0.05);the expression of p-mTOR decreased in the rapamycin group (P<0.05), while the expression of PI3K and p-Akt varied little (P>0.05). Conclusion PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is over activated in substantia nig-ra in rats with Parkinson's disease, which may play an important role in occurrence and development of the disease.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for cultivating high-level comprehensive medical talents with high quality. METHODS:Based on the market and social needs,the teaching reform was conducted from the concepts of educational ideas, modes,curriculum system,contents,management and other aspects. RESULTS:In order to adapt to the needs of society and era, it should establish large education educational ideas to cultivate student's independent ability to obtain knowledge and self-develop-ment to make people change into community basic services and service and dedicate society with modes of cultivating inter-disci-plinary talents,including combination of prduction and study,foundation strengthening,professional expanding,penetration of sci-ence and technology and combination of arts and science;generally optimize curriculum system with theprinciple of precise defini-tion,clear classification,and optimized combination based on market and social needs;and update contents timely and teaching materials;the teaching management should be changed from closed off management of the past to the external management which dominated by the market assessment. CONCLUSIONS:Reform of medical higher education based on the market and social needs can cultivate the talents with high quality and comprehensive medical knowledge for the social needs,which is conductive to the de-velopment of medical industry.

Objective To detect the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA load in vesicle fluid and peripheral blood,as well as plasma levels of S100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with herpes zoster before and after treatment,and to explore their correlations.Methods Vesicle fluid samples were collected before treatment,and peripheral blood samples before and after treatment from 50 inpatients with acute herpes zoster in the Department of Dermatology of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,and peripheral blood samplcs were also obtained from 20 heahhy controls.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the viral load in the vesicle fluid and peripheral blood samples,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the plasma levels of S100β protein and NSE.Results VZV DNA was present in all the vesicle fluid samples,as well as in peripheral blood samples from 18 patients before treatment and 5 patients after treatment,but not found in any of the healthy controls.Positive correlation was found bctween the viral load in vesicle fluid and plasma levels of S 100β protein and NSE (r =0.535,0.430,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05) in the patients with acute herpes zoster.Before treatment,patients with VZV DNA in peripheral blood showed significantly increased plasma levels of S100β protein and NSE compared with those without (both P ＜ 0.05),and the viral load in peripheral blood was positively correlated with plasma levels of S100β protein and NSE (r =0.711,0.645,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion VZV DNA is present in some patients with herpes zoster,and increased VZV DNA loads in the vesicle fluid and peripheral blood are related to elevated plasma levels of S100β protein and NSE before treatment.

Domestic generic drug registration has a large proportion in chemical drugs with outstanding repeated registration phe-nomenon and low level innovation of enterprises. Under the above background, chemical drug registration reform kicked off. The imple-mentation of new drug registration classification, marketing authorization holder and the changes of listed drug registration documents have a huge impact on China' s pharmaceutical industry, which can promote the reformulation of domestic pharmaceutical market, en-courage R&D and innovation in enterprises and accelerate the pace towards the international market.

In view of the public academic papers of Professor LIU Zhicheng, his academic track is analyzed, including validating effect, exploring mechanism, improving efficacy, expanding disease variety, deepening mechanism, optimizing program and seeking breakthrough. On this basis, combined with the self-character of TCM, the potential path for the academic cultivation of young scholars is refined: focusing on clinical practice, confirming clinical efficacy, deepening mechanism exploration, improving clinical therapeutic effect, optimizing clinical program, extending clinical disease spectrum, inheriting, seeking, breaking through, innovating, expecting and topping over. It is believed that during the academic cultivation, the importance is to form the stable research direction and continuity, organize research team, absorb actively new knowledge and thoughts, and adopt multidisciplinary cross and coordination so as to achieve the greater success ultimately.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Publications ; Teaching ; history

ObjectiveTo observe the dynamics of antibodies and protection against Schistosoma japonicum infections in buffaloes after immunized with recombinant 26 kDa glutathione S transferase (reSjc26GST). Methods Buffaloes in 2 villages endemic for schistosomiasis japonica were selected as test and control groups, respectively.In test group initially 96 buffaloes were vaccinated with reSjc26GST, and 90 buffaloes in the control group did not experience vaccination. The indicators included levels of antibodies to reSjc26GST in buffaloes before and after infection with S japonicum and changes in infection rate. Results Specific antibodies, which showed a trend of trapezoid increase, were induced in buffaloes after immunized with reSjc26GST. Twenty months after immunization, the infection rate of the test group was decreased by 62 2% when compared with that before vaccination,and by 67 7% when compared with that of the control in the corresponding period.Conclusion Specific antibodies and a certain extent of protection were induced in buffaloes after immunized with reSjc26GST, which played an significant role in ameliorating morbidity.

In order to explore the relationship between dietary pattern and C-reactive protein (CRP) in Xiamen residents, 2 904 subjects from 3 districts of Xiamen City were selected by a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. The food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary survey and serum CRP concentration was determined simultaneously. The dietary model was established by factor analysis and the relationship between different dietary patterns and serum CRP concentration was analyzed. Five dietary patterns were obtained by the factor analysis. After the adjustment of gender, age, occupation, education, marriage status, income, smoking, drinking and body mass index, the healthy dietary pattern was negative associated with the serum CRP concentration [OR(95%CI):0.62(0.42-0.90)]. The Serum CRP concentration of residents with a healthy dietary pattern is lower.

Objective To investigate influence of Qi-strengthening,blood-activating and toxin-removing therapy on plasma and colonic P-selectin in ulcerative colitis(UC) rats.Methods Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) was used for the establishment of SD rat models of UC.UC rats were randomized into the model group,western medicine group(gastric gavage of suspension of Olsalazine Sodium Capsules 0.266 g?kg-1?d-1),and herbal medicine group(gastric gavage of Kuijie Fufa Recipe 20 g?kg-1?d-1).Meanwhile,a normal control group was set up.After medication for 10 and 30 days,and after drug withdrawal for 10 days,plasma P-selectin level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and colonic P-selectin expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay.Results Plasma P-selectin level was increased in the model group in different time(P

Objective:To investigate the optimal emergency endoscopy timing in patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB).Methods:The clinical data of patients with EGVB emergency endoscopy in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2018 to November 2020 were collected and analyzed. According to the time interval from admission to the start of emergency endoscopy, they were divided into emergency endoscopy group (<6 h, n=115) and early endoscopy group (6-24 h, n=57). The baseline data, clinical efficacy and postoperative situation of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of 6-week mortality of EGVB emergency endoscopy were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results:In terms of baseline characteristics, there were no significant differences in age, gender, causes, shock index, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, charlson complication index (CCI) score, portal hypertension related complications between the two groups ( P<0.05). However, the albumin (ALB) in emergency endoscopy group was significantly lower than that in early endoscopy group ( P<0.001). There were significant differences in Child Pugh grading and Child Pugh score between the two groups ( P=0.002, P=0.001). In terms of endoscopic efficacy, the detection rate of bleeding site in emergency endoscopy group was significantly higher than that in early endoscopy group (90.4% and 73.7%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in operation duration, immediate hemostasis success rate, 5-day rebleeding rate, rescue treatment demand and 6-week mortality between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in bleeding related death between the two groups ( P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in blood product consumption, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and total hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that Child Pugh grade C ( P=0.018), MELD score ( P=0.005) and CCI score ( P=0.001) were independent risk factors for 6-week death outcome of EGVB patients, while emergency endoscopic intervention time was not related to 6-week death outcome ( P=0.5). Conclusions:The efficacy of early endoscopic intervention is no worse than that of emergency endoscopic intervention, except for the identification of bleeding site. Child-Pugh grade C, MELD score, and CCI score are the independent risk factors for 6-week mortality, while the timing of emergency endoscopy is not associate with 6-week mortality in EGVB patients.