MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were found as a species of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules with the size of 20 to 25 nucleotides in recent years, which featured highly conserved and endogeny. It depredated and inhibited the target mRNA translation by complementary base pairing with the target mRNA. According to the latest study, miRNA was closely related with obesity, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Obesity had became a major public health problem worldwide, which showed as an unusual increase in both the number and size of fat cells based on excessive accumulation of fat lead by the body’s energy metabolism imbalance of a metabolic disease. Among them, miRNA-193b-365 had an abnormal expression in adipocyte differentiation and obesity status. It might be involved in adipocyte differentiation and the development of obesity. Thus, it was of great significance to do a deep research in the understanding adipocyte differentiation mechanism to prevent and treat obesity. This paper reviewed research progress in this field.

The uptake of oral administered drugs primarily occurs in the small intestine,which also has the capability to metabolize drugs.Both phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes were expressed in the intestinal mucosa,and cytochromes P450(CYP450s) are the principle enzymes attributed to the biotransformation of drugs.CYP3A and CYP2C are the most abundant subfamilies,accounting for approximately 80% and 16% of total CYP450s in the intestine.Compared to the liver,the expression and activity of CYP450 enzymes in the intestine was susceptible to inducers or inhibitors,leading to drug-drug interaction.This article reviews the expression of CYP enzymes in small intestine and the role of the gut wall in CYP-mediated xenobiotic metabolism.Possible drug-drug interactions due to induction or inhibition of CYP enzymes in the small intestine are also addressed.

Objective To evaluate the performance of self‐established angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) detection system . Methods The performance evaluation of ACE reagent kit produced by the Jiuqiang Company including precision ,linearity ,correla‐tion with the reference reagent and reportable range were conducted by using the automatic biochemical analyzer according to the re‐quirements of the EP5‐A2 and EP9‐A documentation in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) .Results Intra‐as‐say CV of the system were 6 .87% ,2 .39% and inter‐assay CV were 6 .09% ,1 .81% ,respectively .During the day CV were 8 .00 %and 2 .8% respectively ,which were less than those provided by the manufacturer (<10% );the lenearity result was R2 =0 .99 .The correlation coefficient (r) of the system comparing with the reference reagent was 0 .990 56 ,moreover the average bias was 8 .55% , showing good correlation ;the repotable range was 9 .0U/L‐600U/L .Conclusion Self‐established ACE detection system can meet the requirements for clinical application .

Aim To study the combined effect Euphor-bia kansui of and Glycyrrhiza uralensis on metabolism of Kansuinine A and Kansuinine B. Methods Control, GU and GU plus EK groups were treated for 10 days, respectively. Then the liver microsomes were pre-pared. KA and KB were incubated with microsomes of each group, and concentrations of KA and KB were measured to reflect the metablism of KA and KB. E-rythromycin, diphenhydramine hydrochloride,benzbro-marone, cimetidine, fluconazole the inhibitors of CYP3 A4 , CYP2 D6 , CYP2 C9 , CYP1 A2 , CYP2 C19 respectively, were incubated with KA and KB. Con-centrations of KA and KB were measured to reveal the cytochrome P450 isoforms which involved in the metab-olism of them. KA and KB were incubated with glycyr-rhizic acid and enoxolone. Then concentrations of KA and KB were measured to reveal the effects of glycyr-rhizic acid and enoxolone to KA and KB. Results Concentrations of KA and KB in GU plus EK group were significantly higher than those in control and EK groups, which showed that the metablisom of KA and KB was inhibited in GU plus EK group. In addition, concentrations of KA and KB were higher in microsomes incubated with erythromycin, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, benzbromarone, cimetidine and fluconazole than in control group, which revealed that the metablism of KA and KB was slowed down when CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 were inhibited. They may participate in the metablisom of KA and KB. After incubation with glycyrrhizic acid and enoxolone, the metablism of KA and KB was slowed down. Conclusions KA and KB may be the substrates of CYP2C19. GU plus EK can inhibit the activity of CYP2C19, which resulted in KA and KB metablism slowing down and accumulation. In addition, glycyrrhizic acid and enoxolone can inhibit the metablism of KA and KB. It may be one of the reasons of increased toxicity of GU plus EK.

This study was aimed to observe effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment from lung on mRNA expressions of iNOS in lung tissues of rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). A total of 52 rats were used to estab-lish the UC rat model by using rabbit intestinal mucosal tissue allergenic model and TNBS-ethanol model (with the model success rate of 78%). Eight rats, which were randomly selected from 40 successfully modeled rats and the normal group, were used as the model group and the normal group before intervention (time point of week zero). The rest 32 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group, the western medicine (salazosulfapyri-dine) group, treatment from lung (Huang-Qi Jie-Geng, HQJG decoction) group, and treatment from intestine (Huang-Qi Huang-Lian, HQHL decoction) group, with 8 rats in each group. Another 8 normal rats were used as the control group. The intervention was given for 4 weeks. And the mRNA expression of iNOS was detected in week ze-ro, and four weeks after the treatment using real time-PCR. The results showed that in the acute phase of week zero, the mRNA level of iNOS in lung tissues of model group was significantly increased compared with that in normal group (P < 0.05); after 4-week treatment, compared with the normal group, the mRNA level of iNOS in the model group was significantly increased (P< 0.05). Compared with the model group, the mRNA level of iNOS in the treat-ment from lung group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). It was concluded that NO which was catalyzed and synthesized by iNOS played an important role in pulmonary diseases. It can cause airway inflammation, edema, lung injury, and etc. Treatment from lung can alleviate the lung injury by inhibiting abnormal activation of iNOS.

Diabetic retinopathy is a series of typical pathological changes in retinal microvasculature caused by diabetes,which seriously affects the visual acuity and quality of life of patients.The development of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography provides a new approach to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy,and this paper will give a brief review on the latest progress in the relationship between choroidal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography and diagnosis-treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To investigate influence of Qi-strengthening,blood-activating and toxin-removing therapy on plasma and colonic P-selectin in ulcerative colitis(UC) rats.Methods Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) was used for the establishment of SD rat models of UC.UC rats were randomized into the model group,western medicine group(gastric gavage of suspension of Olsalazine Sodium Capsules 0.266 g?kg-1?d-1),and herbal medicine group(gastric gavage of Kuijie Fufa Recipe 20 g?kg-1?d-1).Meanwhile,a normal control group was set up.After medication for 10 and 30 days,and after drug withdrawal for 10 days,plasma P-selectin level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and colonic P-selectin expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay.Results Plasma P-selectin level was increased in the model group in different time(P

Objective:To compare the therapeutic and adverse effects of chemotherapeutic regimen based on three drugs (taxol+carboplatin/cisplatin+etoposide) and two drugs (carboplatin/cisplatin+etoposide) on the combined small cell lung cancer (CSCLC). Methods:A retrospective study was conducted based on the data of 62 CSCLC patients who were admitted to and treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between July 2000 and April 2013. Of the 62 patients, 19 received the three-drug regi-men and 43 received the two-drug regimen. All patients received at least two cycles of chemotherapy and completed follow-up proce-dures. For each patient, the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated every two cycles, and toxicity was evaluated every cycle. Results:The response rates between the three-drug and two-drug groups were statistically significant (90%vs. 53%, P=0.033). However, no statisti-cal differences were observed in the disease control rate between the two groups (100% vs. 86%, P=0.212). The three-drug regimen could induce a better median progression-free survival compared with the two-drug regimen, but with no statistical significance (10.5%vs. 9.8%, P=0.484). Similarly, no statistical differences were noted in the median overall survival between the three-drug and two-drug groups (24.0%vs. 17.5%, P=0.457). The incidence rates of grade IV bone marrow depression and the termination of the original regi-men owing to severe adverse reactions were both significantly higher in the three-drug group than in the two-drug group (26.3% vs. 7.0%, P=0.036;31.6%vs. 14.7%, P=0.004). Conclusion:The two-drug regimen had almost the same survival rate and lower toxicity compared with the three-drug regimen. When using the TEP/TCE regimen, a close attention should be focused on its adverse reactions. The findings of this work showed that the two-agent regimen should be one of the standard treatments for CSCLC.

To induce Crohn disease in rats by intraluminal instillations of different concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol.

In view of the public academic papers of Professor LIU Zhicheng, his academic track is analyzed, including validating effect, exploring mechanism, improving efficacy, expanding disease variety, deepening mechanism, optimizing program and seeking breakthrough. On this basis, combined with the self-character of TCM, the potential path for the academic cultivation of young scholars is refined: focusing on clinical practice, confirming clinical efficacy, deepening mechanism exploration, improving clinical therapeutic effect, optimizing clinical program, extending clinical disease spectrum, inheriting, seeking, breaking through, innovating, expecting and topping over. It is believed that during the academic cultivation, the importance is to form the stable research direction and continuity, organize research team, absorb actively new knowledge and thoughts, and adopt multidisciplinary cross and coordination so as to achieve the greater success ultimately.
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