Cadaver donation has far-reaching social significance, but currently it cannot satisfy the practical need. Through making stochastic visits to part of dwellers in Chongqing urban districts, to find out the main obstacles to cadaver donation. Then compared to the similar activities like blood donation, we learn about the experiences of such public service activities to get further improvement of cadaver donation.

Objective:Use a new F-PCR method to develop a hepatitis C virus(HCV) diagnostic kit, test the kit through clinical trial and compare it with immunological method. Methods: Fluorescence PCR(F-PCR) is a method which combines PCR and fluorescence probe hybridization together to measure DNA/RNA. Because in-tube monitoring of fluorescence signal can be done to stand for the quantitity of PCR product. Electrophoresis and UV detection are eliminated, so after-PCR cross-contamination which causes false positive can be avoided. Results:A clinical diagnostic kit for HCV with this method is developed. 512 clinical serum samples were tested with this kit, using HCV FLISA kit from Abbott Co.and HCV Fluorescence RT-PCR kit from Biotronics Co. (B-PCR) as control. The results shows :positive rate is 30.5%,sensitivity 97.3 % and specificity 98.1% . Conclusion: F-PCR is obviously superior to ELBA, and higher than B-PCR in sensitivity. The specificity of those three kits have no statistic difference. F-PCR can be used to monitor RNA of HCV in serum, and could be useful for clinical diagnose and therapy effects monitoring.

Nurses often face ethical dilemmas in clinical practice,originating from nurses themselves,nursing measures,and nursing management as well.Only by correctly recognizing and analyzing the causes of ethical dilemmas in nursing care,can help nurses get out of the ethical dilemmas and make reasonable ethical decisions in nursing care.

Objectives To establish an experimental model for Th1 typ e shifting and meet the requirements of studying on the mechanisms of some immun omodulators. Methods The levels of cytokines, IL-12, IFN-ice were detected by using ELISA. Sple en cells of the BALB/c mice were incubated under the following conditions: with different concentrations of T cell mitogen ConA (1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.125 mg/mL), mononuclear phagocyte system activator LPS (50 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 0. 5 mg/mL) or LPS (50 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL) combined with 0.25 mg/mL ConA. Re sults LPS could induce the production of IL-12 from spleen cells. The lowest concentration that ConA could induce the measurable production of IFN-rom sp leen cells was 0.25 mg/mL. When different concentrations of LPS were combined wi th 0.25 mg/mL ConA, LPS could accelerate the production of IFN- and positively with that of IL-12. Conclusion LPS combined with ConA can induce the activation of spleen cells from mice towards Th1 type response.

Purpose:To evaluate the role of CT in diagnosing local recurrence after surgery of gastric carcinoma. Methods:Two groups of 51 patients after surgery of gastric carcinoma were prospectively studied by means of CT performed with the water as oral contrast,hypotonic agent and dynamic or spiral CT technique. 15 patients proved to be without local recurrence measured the thickness and observed the CT findings of anastomosis stoma ,36 patients proved to have local recurrence ,those patients included male 21 and female 15.Results:90.19%(46/51)anastomosis stoma was clearly demonstrated ,and 32 lesions was detected and confirmed the diagnosis in 29 of 32 cases . The CT findings of local recurrence after gastric resection for gastric cancer were irregular gastric wall thickening ( n =14),local mass ( n =6) and mixed lesions ( n =9).Conclusions:Using the optimal technique can improve the detectability and accuracy of CT for diagnosing the local recurrence after surgery for gastric carcinoma.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)is a non-coding RNA which lacks a complete open reading frame (ORF)and plays an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis. At present,expression of lncRNA has been found to be abnormal in inflammatory reaction and inflammatory diseases. It might be involved in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases via regulating the expression of multiple genes and activation of signaling pathways. This article reviewed the progress in study on relationship between lncRNA and inflammatory diseases.

Objective To evaluate the role of miR219‐2‐3p in gastric cancer and the underlying mechanisms .Methods Real time RT‐PCR was employed to quantify the expression level of miR219‐2‐3p in matched tissues of 82 patients .In vitro cell proliferation , the expression of tumorgenesis related protein ERK1/2 was performed by overexpressing miR‐219‐2‐3p in gastric cancer cell line MGC803 .Results The expression level of miR‐219‐2‐3p significantly decreased in late stage gastric cancer (P< 0 .05) .The cell proliferation rate was significantly reduced in gastric cancer cell lines overexpressing miR‐219‐2‐3p .Furthermore ,the expression level of p‐ERK that activated form of ERK was significantly decreased whereas the total level of ERK was unchanged after overex‐pressing of miR‐219‐2‐3p in MGC803 cell lines .The expression level of p‐ERK was also increased in gastric cancer tissues .Conclu‐sion miR‐219‐2‐3p may acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by decreasing the activity of ERK 1/2 signaling pathway .

The clinical data of 147 patients with carcinoma of ampulla of Vatar at our hospital from January 1998 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ( NLR) was calculated from pre-operative complete blood count.They were divided into low NLR group (NLR<5,n=121) and high NLR group (NLR≥5,n=26).The 5-year survival rates of two groups were compared and the prognostic risk factors examined by univariate analysis and Cox model.The 5-year free survival rates of low and high NLR groups were 57.9%and 27.6%respectively ( P=0.005 ).Univariate analysis revealed that depth of invasion (P=0.006),pancreatic invasion (P=0.002),lymph nodal metastasis (P=0.008), poor differentiation ( P =0.008 ) , tumor stage ( P =0.003 ) and per-operative NLR ( P =0.005 ) were significant prognostic factors.Multivariate analysis showed that per-operative NLR significantly increased the risk of recurrence (P<0.05).Pre-operative NLR represents a significant independent prognostic indicator for patients with carcinoma of ampulla of Vatar.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of surgical resection for metastatic liver cancer in patients of gastric carcinoma, and evaluate the prognosis. Methods Clinical data of 24 gastric cancer cases undergoing hepatectomy for hepatic metastatic tumor were collected retrospectively. There were 18 cases of synchronous resection and 6 cases of heterochronous resection. The prognostic values of clinicopathological factors were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Postoperatively all cases were followed up until the death of the patietns. Counting from the time of liver resection the 1-,3- and 5-year survival rate was 67%, 21% and 13% respectively. Univariate analysis showed lymph node involved, tumor size of hepatic metastases, vascular invasion and R0 margin as significant prognostic factors;Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size of hepatic metastases and vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors influencing the survival. Conclusion These results suggest that for patients with liver metastasia from gastric cancer, better prognosis can be obtained by surgical treatment.

Objective To study the clinical feature,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular adenoma(HA).Methods The clinical data of 10 patients confirmed pathologically with HA,were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were four females and six males,aging from 25 to 71 years(mean:42.6 years).Among these 10 patients,6 cases were discovered to have no clinical symptom.Tumors were located in the right lobe of the liver in 4 cases,and in the left lobe in 6 cases.Uhrasonography was performed in all cases.Six cases underwent CT examination and three cases experienced MRI as well as angiography was conducted in one case.All cases were confirmed by complete excision and pathology.All of them were followed up for 5 months to 9 years without tumor recurrence.Conclusion The combination of imaging data is helpful in the diagnosis of HA.Surgery is the best treatment with satisfactory results,and its prognosis is fairly good.