With wide applications of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques,as well as immu-nosuppressors clinically,the morbidity of invasive pulmonary fungal infections( IPFIs)in children were in-creasing considerably and becoming one of the important diseases threat to life. The mortality of IPFIs in chil-dren would be reduced and the prognosis would be improved significantly with early diagnosis and treatment in-time. Radiological examinations were the basal component of the clinical evidences for diagnosing IPFIs. The main presentations include pulmonary nodules,some with“halo sign”in invasive pulmonary aspergillo-sis and pulmonary candidiasis,lobular consolidations and a little pleural effusion. Although there was no spe-cific findings radiologically,they would provide the proofs and clues for diagnosis of IPFIs combining with the data of clinics and laboratory.

The application of molecular biological technique provides opportunity to pancreatic cancer patients since the cancer is resistant to routine treatment. Clarifying the molecular mechanism in the genesis and development of pancreatic cancer is the first thing to do. Recent researches found that there were different signaling pathways activated in different stages of pancreatic cancer. The important signal pathways included mitosis pathways, growth factor pathways, developing pathways and mucin pathways. This article will review the relationship between molecular pathways and pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship between fatty liver progress and metabolic changes.Methods A total of 414 patients who had B-mode ultrasonography confirmed fatty liver development during 2 health check-ups within 2 years were enrolled in this study.Paired t and χ2 tests were used to compare body mass index (BMI),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),serum uric acid (UA),triglycerides (TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the participants.Results BMI,TG,HDL-C,ALT,AST,and UA were significantly increased after fatty liver progressed,although HDL-C was largely decreased.ConclusionsPrevention and treatment of MS as well as early intervention for fatty liver should be important for successful control of fatty liver.

Background and purpose:The expression of ERβin triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) might be associated with good prognosis in TNBC patients. ERβand ERαhave considerable homology. FOXA1 plays an important role in ERαexpression and function. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of FOXA1 and ERβin TNBC and the relationship between them and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. Methods:The breast cancer samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected from Nov. in 2011 to Dec. in 2013, and TNBC were screened out based on the expression of ERα, PR and HER-2. Thirty ERβ-negative samples and 30 ERβ-positive samples were selected randomly according to the ERβexpression. We used immunohistochemical method to detect the expression of FOXA1. Finally, 48 TNBC samples were obtained to analyze the results. Results:The total positive rate of FOXA1 was 35.4%(17/48). In the ERβ-positive group, the positive rate of FOXA1 was 35.7%(10/28),and in the ERβ-negative group, the positive rate of FOXA1 was 35% (7/20). The expression of FOXA1 in these 2 groups had no signiifcant difference (P=0.83), which indicated that there was no relation between ERβand FOXA1. The FOXA1 positive group and FOXA1 negative group also showed no signiifcant difference in age, tumor size, and lymphatic metastasis number in axilla, tumor grade, tumor stage, NPI and DFS. However, Ki-67 showed negative correlation with FOXA1 expression (P<0.01). Conclusion:FOXA1 expression had no relationship with ERβexpression in TNBC. Ki-67 showed negative correlation with FOXA1 expression, which might hint that the proliferation of tumor cell was lower in FOXA1 positive TNBC.

Objective To establish the GFR reference range of solitary kidney by 99 Tcm?DTPA SPECT imaging and explore factors influencing renal compensation. Methods A total of 108 patients ( 62 males, 46 females, age range:5-83 (47±19) years) with only one functional kidney who underwent 99Tcm?DTPA dynamic imaging from January 2011 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The GFR was measured to establish the reference range. Meanwhile, the potential influence factors were analyzed, inclu?ding age, gender, location of the functional kidney, removal and causes of the non?functional kidney. Two?sample t test, one?way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were used. Results The GFR were (71.81± 23.23) ml/min in the 108 patients. There were no significant differences of GFR between male and female patients ( t=0.496) , between patients with left functional kidney and those with right functional kidney( t=0.999), between patients with and without removed non?function kidney(t=-1.966), and among patients with different causes of the non?function kidney( F=1.894;all P>0.05) . The GFR was significant different in different groups based on age( F=13.924, P<0.001) . There was a negative correlation between the GFR and age( r=-0.570, P<0.001) . The GFR CV in different age groups (≤20 years, 20 years60 years) were 37.6%,26.7%,21.3%,30.1%, respectively. Conclusions It is objective and efficient to assess the renal compensation by establishing the reference values for GFR of the solitary kidney. There is a negative correlation between age and renal compensation, and the variation of renal compensation is larger in younger patients.

A 53-year-old woman presented with arthralgia and dyspepsia on exertion.Symmetrical joint swelling and pain of bilateral hands with pigmentation sedimentation in the articular surfaces,dry cough and short of breath were the main clinical manifestations.Elevated levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (89 mm/1 h),C-reactive protein (64.45 mg/L),IgG (31.22 g/L) and IgA (5.44 g/L).Rheumatoid factor was positive and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody was negative.Chest high-resolution computed tomography scan found that diffusely distributed lung nodules,round cysts with varying sizes and patchy ground glass opacities.A significant plasma cell infiltration and amyloid deposition were seen in lung tissue.The patient was finally diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis,interstitial lung disease and pulmonary nodules.Combination therapy of prednisone 7.5 mg qodpo,thalidomide 50 mg qdpo,tocilizumab 560 mg iv once per month for 1 month.Chest computed tomography showed stable lung nodules,however,pulmonary interstitial lesions gradually aggravated.

In recent years, direct-acting antiviral agent(DAA) that target specific enzymes in the life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been developed rapidly. However, there are specific resistance-related mutation sites for DAA, which is associated with the gene types/subtypes of HCV. This article describes the resistance-related mutation sites for DAA and their impacts on the treatment regimen according to the mechanism of action of DAA. It is pointed out that some natural mutation sites lead to drug resistance in the treatment for patients with some HCV subtypes, so careful evaluation is needed before treatment to determine the appropriate regimen. For patients experiencing failure in the previous interferon therapy, the pre-existing drug resistance should be studied if DAA in combination with the therapy or interferon-free DAA therapies are to be used.

Objective To optimize the exposure parameters and reduce the irradiation dose level in infants and young children during digital radiography (DR) chest radiography under the premise of satisfied image quality.Methods The thoracic thickness of 100 patients were measured.Determined the aluminum equivalent of the thoraxes of the infants and young children by comparing the grayscale value and the aluminum step wedge.Another 100 infants and young children of experimental exposure were performed with the aluminum step wedge as a phantom,under AEC control,kV was the only variant to explore the optimal exposure parameters with dose monitor simultaneously.At last,clinical validation was performed.Images quality was compared with x2 test.The radiation dose of two groups was compared with t test.Results The maximum,minimum,average thoracic thickness and their correspondent aluminum equivalent were 13.5 and 2.3 cm,8.0 and 1.4 cm,(10.6 ± 1.3) and 2.0 cm,respectively.The average thoracic thickness of experimental group was (10.1 ± 2.2) cm.The range of entrance surface dose was 0.068-0.056 mGy while the tube voltage range was 55-65 kV.The exposure index range was 0.60-0.74.The visual inspection of aluminum step wedge was from grades 8 to 11 with satisfying image quality at lower radiation.The infant chest X-ray photography exposure parameters formula have been optimized,that was kV =thoracic thickness (cm) × 2 + 38 (constant),mAs (0.8-1.0) with SID =100 cm,without filter grid.Compare to the conventional parameters,the image quality of new method had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).The actual average entrance surface dose was (0.048 ± 0.007) mGy,lower than AEC group (0.066 ± 0.008) mGy.The difference was statistically significant (t =16.781,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The optimized formula kV =thoracic thickness (cm) ×2 + 38(constant),mAs (0.8-1.0) with SID =100 cm was credible for lowering the radiation exposure with good image quality for clinical diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the application of speckle tracking imaging (STI) stratification strain technique in the assessment of circumferential myocardial function and the myocardial protection of ATP-postconditioning (ATP-PostC) in a rabbit model of acute myocardial infarction.Methods:A total of 40 rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: pure ischemia reperfusion group (IR group)and ATP-PostC group. STI images were recorded before and 45 min after occlusion of coronary artery, post low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography, 60 and 120 min after reperfusion, respectively. The following parameters were obtained: left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), heart rate (HR), endocardial circumferential systolic strain (CSsys-endo), mid-myocardial circumferential systolic strain (CSsys-mid) and epicardial circumferential systolic strain (CSsys-epi) at left ventricular short-axis level. At different time points after occlusion and reperfusion, 5 experimental rabbits were killed in each group for pathological examination.Results:①Forty-five min after coronary artery occlusion in both groups, the values of LVEF and HR were decreased( P<0.05), and the absolute values of CSsys-endo, CSsys-mid and CSsys-epi were significantly reduced( P<0.01). After LDDSE, the absolute values of CSsys-endo, CSsys-mid and CSsys-epi were increased, which were different from those after blockade( P<0.05). ②After reperfusion, the circumferential strains were not significantly different from those after blockade in IR group ( P>0.05). After blockade, the absolute values of circumferential strains were increased significantly in the ATP-PostC group compared with IR group( P<0.05). In the ATP-PostC group, the absolute values of CSsys-endo at different time points after reperfusion increased significantly compared with that after blockade ( P<0.05). The absolute values of CSsys-endo and CSsys-mid 120 min after reperfusion continued to increase significantly compared with those 60 min after reperfusion( P<0.05). ③Pathological examination: After 60 min of blockade, there was no significant difference in myocardial infarction area between the IR group and the ATP-PostC group( P>0.05). The percentage of infarct areas at each time point of reperfusion in the ATP-PostC group was decreased compared with that after blockade( P<0.05). Compared with the IR group, the percentage of infarct area in the ATP-PostC group was smaller after 120 minutes of reperfusion and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The applications of STI stratification strain technique and LDDSE can assess left ventricular circumferential strains at each of myocardial layers before and after reperfusion in rabbit myocardial ischemia ATP-PostC model, identify and evaluate the function of viable myocardium, and exhibit the significant protective effects of ATP-PostC on myocardial reperfusion injury.

In this paper, we used the eletrotactile vision substitution system designed by ourselves to display Chinese characters on the 16x16 electrode array through some simple image processing algorithms and multiplexing technology. Based on this, simple Chinese character recognition experiment was conducted. The result of the experiment shows that the electrotactile vision substitution is a feasible solution for the blind to read simple Chinese characters and the result also solidifies the foundation of further study about more complex real-time image electrotactile display.
Algorithms ; Communication Aids for Disabled ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Language ; Touch ; Vision, Ocular