ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Taishan Panshi powder （TSPSP） on inhibiting oxidative stress injury in human chorionic trophoblast cells （HTR-8/SVneo）， and to uelucidate the underlying mechanism of TSPSP in the treatment of spontaneous abortion （SA）. MethodsGene differential analysis of SA was performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database and correlated with oxidative stress. Network pharmacology was employed to screen the active components of TSPSP， and a "Chinese medicine-component-target-disease" network was constructed to predict the mechanism of action of TSPSP. For in vitro validation experiments， HTR-8/SVneo cells were divided into blank group， model group， TSPSP-containing serum 2.5%， 5%， 10% groups， and nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） inhibitor group （ML385， 30 μmol·L^-1）. Except for the blank group， other groups were stimulated with 150 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ for 3 h to establish a cell oxidative stress injury model. After successful modeling， the blank group and model group were given 10% blank serum， each TSPSP-containing serum group was treated with the corresponding concentration of drug-containing serum， and the Nrf2 inhibitor group was additionally given 30 μmol·L^-1 ML385 on the basis of 10% TSPSP-containing serum. All groups of cells were continuously cultured under the above conditions for 24 h， and then samples were collected for subsequent detection. Cell viability in each group was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration rate was detected by scratch test. The contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）， Fe²⁺， and Glutathione （GSH） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） level was detected by a fluorescent probe （DCF-DA）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （KEAP1）， Nrf2， and forkhead box protein O3 （FoxO3） in cells were detected by immunofluorescence （IF） and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of KEAP1， Nrf2， FoxO3， Glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in cells were detected by Western blot. ResultsThe GSE76862 and GSE22490 datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Differential gene analyses showed that the KEAP1， Nrf2， and FoxO3 genes were all associated with the disease. After matching with the oxidative stress pathway， nine significantly differential pathways were identified （P<0.05）， among which three contained the target genes Nrf2 and FoxO3. A total of 246 active ingredient targets of TSPSP and 2 804 SA-related targets were obtained through network pharmacology， and 154 potential action targets were obtained after taking the intersection. Topological analysis showed that targets such as KEAP1 and Nrf2 exhibited high degree values. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the intersection targets were mainly involved in oxidative stress response， FOXO and MAPK signaling pathways， etc. In in vitro experiments， compared with the blank group， the cell viability in the model group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the cell viability in each TSPSP-containing serum group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the cell viability in the ML385 group decreased to approximately 70% （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed significantly increased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， decreased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly reduced cell migration rate （P<0.01）， and increased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.01）， while decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， each TSPSP-containing serum group showed significantly decreased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， increased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly increased migration rate （P<0.01）， significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the ML385 group showed reversed trends in all indicators （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPSP can inhibit H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress injury of trophoblast cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to the drug activating the KEAP1/Nrf2/FoxO3 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Taishan Panshi powder （TSPSP） on inhibiting oxidative stress injury in human chorionic trophoblast cells （HTR-8/SVneo）， and to uelucidate the underlying mechanism of TSPSP in the treatment of spontaneous abortion （SA）. MethodsGene differential analysis of SA was performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database and correlated with oxidative stress. Network pharmacology was employed to screen the active components of TSPSP， and a "Chinese medicine-component-target-disease" network was constructed to predict the mechanism of action of TSPSP. For in vitro validation experiments， HTR-8/SVneo cells were divided into blank group， model group， TSPSP-containing serum 2.5%， 5%， 10% groups， and nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） inhibitor group （ML385， 30 μmol·L^-1）. Except for the blank group， other groups were stimulated with 150 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ for 3 h to establish a cell oxidative stress injury model. After successful modeling， the blank group and model group were given 10% blank serum， each TSPSP-containing serum group was treated with the corresponding concentration of drug-containing serum， and the Nrf2 inhibitor group was additionally given 30 μmol·L^-1 ML385 on the basis of 10% TSPSP-containing serum. All groups of cells were continuously cultured under the above conditions for 24 h， and then samples were collected for subsequent detection. Cell viability in each group was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration rate was detected by scratch test. The contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）， Fe²⁺， and Glutathione （GSH） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） level was detected by a fluorescent probe （DCF-DA）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （KEAP1）， Nrf2， and forkhead box protein O3 （FoxO3） in cells were detected by immunofluorescence （IF） and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of KEAP1， Nrf2， FoxO3， Glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in cells were detected by Western blot. ResultsThe GSE76862 and GSE22490 datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Differential gene analyses showed that the KEAP1， Nrf2， and FoxO3 genes were all associated with the disease. After matching with the oxidative stress pathway， nine significantly differential pathways were identified （P<0.05）， among which three contained the target genes Nrf2 and FoxO3. A total of 246 active ingredient targets of TSPSP and 2 804 SA-related targets were obtained through network pharmacology， and 154 potential action targets were obtained after taking the intersection. Topological analysis showed that targets such as KEAP1 and Nrf2 exhibited high degree values. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the intersection targets were mainly involved in oxidative stress response， FOXO and MAPK signaling pathways， etc. In in vitro experiments， compared with the blank group， the cell viability in the model group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the cell viability in each TSPSP-containing serum group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the cell viability in the ML385 group decreased to approximately 70% （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed significantly increased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， decreased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly reduced cell migration rate （P<0.01）， and increased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.01）， while decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， each TSPSP-containing serum group showed significantly decreased contents of MDA， Fe²⁺， and ROS， increased GSH expression （P<0.01）， significantly increased migration rate （P<0.01）， significantly decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of KEAP1 and FoxO3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， GPX4， and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the 10% TSPSP-containing serum group， the ML385 group showed reversed trends in all indicators （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPSP can inhibit H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress injury of trophoblast cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to the drug activating the KEAP1/Nrf2/FoxO3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of clinical genetics specialization development and the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for hereditary diseases across medical institutions in Shanghai, and to assess the necessity and feasibility of establishing training bases for clinical genetics specialists. METHODS: By employing a cross-sectional survey design, the Clinical Genetics Committee of Shanghai Medical Association has conducted questionnaire surveys from March to April 2025 across 54 healthcare institutions in Shanghai (including 33 tertiary hospitals and 21 secondary hospitals). The survey involved administrative departments and medical personnel from 15 clinical specialties. The survey has covered current genetic disease diagnosis and treatment practices, relevant and specialised disease types, genetic department establishment, testing capabilities, personnel teams, and training requirements. RESULTS: The results revealed that 78.0% of clinical departments surveyed had treated patients with hereditary disorders. Shanghai possesses diagnostic and therapeutic expertise for over 95% of hereditary diseases listed in its rare disease catalogue, reflecting both the practical clinical demand for such conditions and the city's overall diagnostic and therapeutic strengths in this field. Nevertheless, significant disparities exist in the development of genetics departments across different tiers of healthcare institutions. Resources for genetic testing capabilities (including molecular, cellular, and biochemical testing) are also unevenly distributed across different tiers of hospitals. The survey further revealed that only 26.0% of departments believe that their current physician structure fully meets the diagnostic and treatment demands. Over 90% of departments consider standard training for clinical genetic specialists necessary, with 74.0% expressing willingness to participate in establishing training bases. Based on above findings and thorough deliberation, the Clinical Genetics Committee of the Shanghai Medical Association proposes advancing specialist training and discipline development through establishing a standard training system. The committee has drafted a three-year training protocol featuring a "joint training"-centered model, recommending a pilot-first, dynamically optimized strategy for steadily advancing training base development. CONCLUSION Shanghai faces substantial demand for genetic disease diagnosis and treatment, yet exhibits shortcomings in clinical genetics specialization development, resource allocation, and talent pipeline cultivation. To establish a standard training system holds significant practical importance and is underpinned by a broad demand.
Humans ; China ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Genetics, Medical/education* ; Genetic Testing

Objective:To comprehensively identify, describe and evaluate the research evidence on the application of ERAS in perioperative head and neck cancer by using the method of evidence mapping, so as to understand the research status and provide reference for clinical practice and future research in this field.Methods:Adopting an evidence-integrated research approach, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched by computer. In addition, relevant references and grey literature databases such as OpenGrey were manually searched until August 25, 2024, to screen and summarize the included literature, and different quality evaluation tools were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The present research situation was presented with text and graphs.Results:A total of 105 articles were included, including 101 original studies and 4 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses. The number of published literature showed an increasing trend over time, but it fluctuated in a zigzag pattern. The most published studies were in China, and the study population was mainly patients with laryngeal and oral cancer, with a sample size of 51-100 cases. The results of methodology quality evaluation showed that the quality of most studies was relatively low. The intervention measures mainly involved 9 subjects, such as pre-rehabilitation, nutritional support, prevention of nausea and vomiting, and the outcome indicators involved 2 aspects related to patients and hospital. More attention was paid to outcome indicators such as complication rate and length of stay, while less attention was paid to outcome indicators such as condition of sputum and survival time. Most outcome effects were shown to be "beneficial", but some outcome effects were still controversial.Conclusions:ERAS has generally shown positive effects in perioperative application of head and neck cancer, but the quality of most studies is low. More high-quality clinical studies are needed in the future to provide more sufficient evidence for the application of ERAS in this field.

Objective To investigate the changes and therapeutic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE),Donepezil and combination therapy on gray matter volume and cortical morphology in patients with cognitive dysfunction.Methods According to different treatment methods,59 patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease were divided into GBE group(n=20),Donepezil group(n=20)and combined treatment group(n=19).Before and after treatment,the patients were evaluated by MMSE,Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale(ADAS-cog),instrumental activities of daily living scale(IADL),geriatric depression scale(GDS),neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI),and quality of life-Alzheimer's disease scale(QOL-AD).Before and after treatment,T1-weighted structural sequence images were acquired using cranial MRI,and voxel-based morphometry(VBM)and cortical morphological analyses were performed.Results There was no significant difference in the scores of MMSE,ADAS-cog,GDS,NPI,IADL and QOL-AD among the GBE group,Donepezil group and combined treatment group before and after treatment(all P>0.05).Compared with those before treatment,there were significant differences in MMSE and ADAS-cog scores in the GBE group,MMSE,ADAS-cog,IADL and NPI scores in Donepezil group,and MMSE,ADAS-cog and IADL scores in combined treatment group after treatment(P＜0.05-0.01).The volume of gray matter in the cerebellar region of GBE group was significantly increased(voxel P＜0.005,cluster P＜0.05,GRF corrected,one-tailed test).In the left putamen region,the difference of gray matter volume in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the GBE group and Donepezil group(all P＜0.01).In the right putamen area,there was no significant difference among the three groups(all P>0.05).In the right hippocampus,the difference in gray matter volume between combined treatment group and GBE group was significantly higher than that in Donepezil group(all P＜0.05).In the left hippocampus,the difference in gray matter volume between GBE group and combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in Donepezil group(all P＜0.001).Correlation analysis showed that the volume of left and right hippocampal gray matter was positively correlated with MMSE before treatment(r=0.352,P=0.008;r=0.424,P=0.001),and negatively correlated with ADAS-cog(r=-0.336,P=0.012;r=-0.362,P=0.007)and IADL scores(r=-0.345,P=0.01;r=-0.312,P=0.02);after treatment,the gray matter volume of the left and right hippocampus was strong positively correlated with MMSE(r=0.582,P＜0.001;r=0.560,P＜0.001),strong negatively correlated with ADAS-cog(r=-0.512,P＜0.001;r=-0.567,P＜0.001)and IADL(r=-0.454,P＜0.001;r=-0.435,P＜0.001).The difference of gray matter volume in the right hippocampus before and after treatment was only weakly negatively correlated with GDS score(r=-0.269,P=0.047),the gray matter volume of right hippocampus was positively correlated with GDS score before treatment(r=0.451,P＜0.001),and this correlation disappeared after intervention(r=0.131,P=0.340).There was no correlation between the difference of gray matter volume before and after treatment in the left hippocampus and the neuropsychological test scores(all P>0.05).The cortex of the superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobe in the combined treatment group was significantly thickened(all P＜0.05,FWE corrected).Conclusions GBE,Donepezil and the combined therapy have significant effects on the reduction of cognitive function,and the changes of brain gray matter and cortical morphology are different.GBE improve the volume of the posterior superior cerebellum and other regions,and the combined therapy improve the cortical thickness of the superior parietal lobule and the inferior parietal lobule.

Objective To describe the clinical features of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)in China based on a nationwide multicenter patient cohort,and to investigate the risk factors for prognosis.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PSC based on the electronic medical record system of seven grade A tertiary hospitals across the country,and related data were extracted.The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate liver transplant-free survival,and the log-rank test was used for comparison of survival rate between PSC patients with different features.The Cox regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for the prognosis of PSC patients and the interactions between key factors.Results A total of 107 patients were enrolled,among whom 55.6%(55/99)had large-duct PSC and 29.0%(31/107)had comorbidity with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The positivity rate of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)was 32.9%(24/73),and 50.0%(40/80)of the patients had an increase in IgG/IgM.The median symptom-to-diagnosis interval was 1 year(<1-4.0),and 38.3%(41/107)of the patients had progressed to decompensated cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis.The median liver transplant-free survival time was 114 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:62-166),with a 5-year survival rate of 65.7%.The multivariate analysis showed that an increase in total bile acid(TBA)(hazard ratio[HR]=1.006,95%CI:1.002-1.010,P=0.001)and a prolonged symptom-to-diagnosis interval(HR=1.252,95%CI:1.059-1.480,P=0.009)were independent risk factors for prognosis.The interaction analysis showed that compared with the female patients with TBA<50 μmol/L,both male and female patients with TBA≥50 μmol/L had a significant increase in the risk of liver transplantation or death(male:HR=16.563,95%CI:2.103-130.449,P<0.001;female:HR=17.009,95%CI:2.113-136.934,P<0.001),and compared with the patients with an age of<45 years and a TBA level of<50 μmol/L,the patients with an age of≥45 years and a TBA level of≥50 μmol/L had a significant increase in the risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=10.729,95%CI:1.325-86.859,P=0.026).Compared with the female patients with an symptom-to-diagnosis interval of≤2 years,the male patients with a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of>2 years had an increased risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=4.825,95%CI:1.725-13.644,P=0.003),and compared with the patients with an age of<45 years and a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of≤2 years,the patients with an age of<45 years and a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of>2 years had an increased risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=4.983,95%CI:1.366-18.173,P=0.015).Conclusion Compared with the reports from Western countries,large-duct PSC is also the main type of PSC in China,but with a relatively low proportion,and there is also a relatively low proportion of patients with IBD or positive ANCA.An increase in TBA and a prolonged symptom-to-diagnosis interval are independent risk factors for prognosis,with significant interactions with age and sex.This suggests that early screening and intervention should be enhanced to improve prognosis.

Objective To describe the clinical features of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)in China based on a nationwide multicenter patient cohort,and to investigate the risk factors for prognosis.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PSC based on the electronic medical record system of seven grade A tertiary hospitals across the country,and related data were extracted.The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate liver transplant-free survival,and the log-rank test was used for comparison of survival rate between PSC patients with different features.The Cox regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for the prognosis of PSC patients and the interactions between key factors.Results A total of 107 patients were enrolled,among whom 55.6%(55/99)had large-duct PSC and 29.0%(31/107)had comorbidity with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The positivity rate of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)was 32.9%(24/73),and 50.0%(40/80)of the patients had an increase in IgG/IgM.The median symptom-to-diagnosis interval was 1 year(<1-4.0),and 38.3%(41/107)of the patients had progressed to decompensated cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis.The median liver transplant-free survival time was 114 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:62-166),with a 5-year survival rate of 65.7%.The multivariate analysis showed that an increase in total bile acid(TBA)(hazard ratio[HR]=1.006,95%CI:1.002-1.010,P=0.001)and a prolonged symptom-to-diagnosis interval(HR=1.252,95%CI:1.059-1.480,P=0.009)were independent risk factors for prognosis.The interaction analysis showed that compared with the female patients with TBA<50 μmol/L,both male and female patients with TBA≥50 μmol/L had a significant increase in the risk of liver transplantation or death(male:HR=16.563,95%CI:2.103-130.449,P<0.001;female:HR=17.009,95%CI:2.113-136.934,P<0.001),and compared with the patients with an age of<45 years and a TBA level of<50 μmol/L,the patients with an age of≥45 years and a TBA level of≥50 μmol/L had a significant increase in the risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=10.729,95%CI:1.325-86.859,P=0.026).Compared with the female patients with an symptom-to-diagnosis interval of≤2 years,the male patients with a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of>2 years had an increased risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=4.825,95%CI:1.725-13.644,P=0.003),and compared with the patients with an age of<45 years and a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of≤2 years,the patients with an age of<45 years and a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of>2 years had an increased risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=4.983,95%CI:1.366-18.173,P=0.015).Conclusion Compared with the reports from Western countries,large-duct PSC is also the main type of PSC in China,but with a relatively low proportion,and there is also a relatively low proportion of patients with IBD or positive ANCA.An increase in TBA and a prolonged symptom-to-diagnosis interval are independent risk factors for prognosis,with significant interactions with age and sex.This suggests that early screening and intervention should be enhanced to improve prognosis.

Objective To investigate the changes and therapeutic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE),Donepezil and combination therapy on gray matter volume and cortical morphology in patients with cognitive dysfunction.Methods According to different treatment methods,59 patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease were divided into GBE group(n=20),Donepezil group(n=20)and combined treatment group(n=19).Before and after treatment,the patients were evaluated by MMSE,Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale(ADAS-cog),instrumental activities of daily living scale(IADL),geriatric depression scale(GDS),neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI),and quality of life-Alzheimer's disease scale(QOL-AD).Before and after treatment,T1-weighted structural sequence images were acquired using cranial MRI,and voxel-based morphometry(VBM)and cortical morphological analyses were performed.Results There was no significant difference in the scores of MMSE,ADAS-cog,GDS,NPI,IADL and QOL-AD among the GBE group,Donepezil group and combined treatment group before and after treatment(all P>0.05).Compared with those before treatment,there were significant differences in MMSE and ADAS-cog scores in the GBE group,MMSE,ADAS-cog,IADL and NPI scores in Donepezil group,and MMSE,ADAS-cog and IADL scores in combined treatment group after treatment(P＜0.05-0.01).The volume of gray matter in the cerebellar region of GBE group was significantly increased(voxel P＜0.005,cluster P＜0.05,GRF corrected,one-tailed test).In the left putamen region,the difference of gray matter volume in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the GBE group and Donepezil group(all P＜0.01).In the right putamen area,there was no significant difference among the three groups(all P>0.05).In the right hippocampus,the difference in gray matter volume between combined treatment group and GBE group was significantly higher than that in Donepezil group(all P＜0.05).In the left hippocampus,the difference in gray matter volume between GBE group and combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in Donepezil group(all P＜0.001).Correlation analysis showed that the volume of left and right hippocampal gray matter was positively correlated with MMSE before treatment(r=0.352,P=0.008;r=0.424,P=0.001),and negatively correlated with ADAS-cog(r=-0.336,P=0.012;r=-0.362,P=0.007)and IADL scores(r=-0.345,P=0.01;r=-0.312,P=0.02);after treatment,the gray matter volume of the left and right hippocampus was strong positively correlated with MMSE(r=0.582,P＜0.001;r=0.560,P＜0.001),strong negatively correlated with ADAS-cog(r=-0.512,P＜0.001;r=-0.567,P＜0.001)and IADL(r=-0.454,P＜0.001;r=-0.435,P＜0.001).The difference of gray matter volume in the right hippocampus before and after treatment was only weakly negatively correlated with GDS score(r=-0.269,P=0.047),the gray matter volume of right hippocampus was positively correlated with GDS score before treatment(r=0.451,P＜0.001),and this correlation disappeared after intervention(r=0.131,P=0.340).There was no correlation between the difference of gray matter volume before and after treatment in the left hippocampus and the neuropsychological test scores(all P>0.05).The cortex of the superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobe in the combined treatment group was significantly thickened(all P＜0.05,FWE corrected).Conclusions GBE,Donepezil and the combined therapy have significant effects on the reduction of cognitive function,and the changes of brain gray matter and cortical morphology are different.GBE improve the volume of the posterior superior cerebellum and other regions,and the combined therapy improve the cortical thickness of the superior parietal lobule and the inferior parietal lobule.

Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic metabolic disease with a strong correlation with age. The prevalence of osteoporosis is rising annually as a consequence of the growing issue of population ageing. The current treatments for OP have numerous shortcomings. In contrast， traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and a rich species diversity. Furthermore， recent years have seen an increase in the number of studies examining the anti-OP properties of traditional Chinese medicine. This may provide a safe and effective alternative strategy for the treatment of OP. The zebrafish， due to its favourable optical transparency and high homology with human genes， has been extensively employed as an animal research model in the investigation of human skeletal-related disease mechanisms and drug screening. This paper presents a review of anti-osteoporosis studies of traditional Chinese medicine using zebrafish as a model for osteoporosis. It also provides a summary of the experimental evaluation methods involved in such studies， an analysis of the current status of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoporosis using zebrafish as a model， and a summary of the mechanism of action and the signalling pathways involved in traditional Chinese medicine in the anti-osteoporosis treatment of zebrafish. The current research status of Chinese medicine in the treatment of OP was analysed， as well as the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine against OP and the signalling pathways involved. Furthermore， the advantages and disadvantages of various zebrafish modelling methods of OP were compared with those of traditional animal models. The objective of this study is to provide a reference for the evaluation method of the zebrafish model in the study of bone-related diseases， as well as for the study of the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine against OP and for the reference of the research and development of new drugs.

Objective To explore the effect of the knockdown of transmembrane 9 superfamily protein member 2 (TM9SF2) on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and investigate its role in the mechanism of antiviral innate immunity. Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the TM9SF2 gene in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. The CCK-8 method was used to assess cell proliferation. A VSV-green fluorescent protein (VSV-GFP) infected cell model was established. The plaque assay was used to measure the viral titer in the supernatant. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were employed to quantify the mRNA and protein levels of VSV genome replication in A549 cells following VSV infection, as well as the expression of interferon β (IFN-β) mRNA and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) protein phosphorylation following polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) stimulation. Results Compared to the negative control, the knockdown of TM9SF2 exhibited a significant effect, with no observed impact on A549 cell proliferation. The VSV-GFP infected A549 cell model was successfully established. After viral stimulation, fluorescence intensity was reduced following TM9SF2 knockdown, and the mRNA and protein levels of VSV were significantly downregulated. The viral titer of VSV was decreased. After poly(I:C) stimulation, TM9SF2 knockdown significantly upregulated the mRNA level of IFN-β and the phosphorylation level of IRF3 protein. Conclusion The knockdown of TM9SF2 inhibits the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, and positively regulates the type I interferon signaling pathway, thus enhancing the host's antiviral innate immune response.
Humans ; Virus Replication/genetics* ; Signal Transduction ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; A549 Cells ; Vesiculovirus/physiology* ; Interferon-beta/metabolism* ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics* ; Interferon Type I/metabolism* ; Vesicular Stomatitis/immunology* ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology* ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics*