Enterovirus 71(EV71) infection complicated with neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is an important complication and the main death cause of hand-foot-mouth disease in children. The exact pathogenesis has not yet fully understood. Peripheral sympathetic nervous system hyperexcitability has been recognized, but its central positioning and machanisms are debatable. In recent years, people emphasized the release of cytokines caused by the brainstem injury and/or systemic inflammatory response also plays a very important role in the formation of NPE.The interventions at present are mainly symptomatic treatment in the nervous system involvement, respiratory and circulatory failure. Vaccines are still in the experimental phase of exploration. There is a certain distance from clinical application.

Electrically Powered Wheelchairs Standards (GB/T 12996-1991) is being modified in China. With the help of the test methods from the international standard, European standard and Japanese standard, in contrast to Chinese national standards, the article discussed the new Electrically Powered Wheelchairs Standards.

This article reviewed the digestive system characteristics,enteral nutrition style,milk choice,the starting time of enteral nutrition,the velocity of milk volume increased and the ideal growth velocity of very low birth weight infants.The aim was to investigate the effect of the different starting time of enteral nutrition on their digestive function and the growth velocity,in order to find the suitable starting time of enteral nutrition,providing the basis for clinical enteral nutrition program of very low birth weight infant.

Objective By taking cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) resident standardization training skills practice as an example,to explore how to improve the ability of resident operating on the clinical skills.Methods 58 resident physicians in the hospital standardized training were selected,and through training and assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill training,the result was compared,and statistical analysis was made on the overall pass rate,the performance after the training,and the pass rate of operation.Result Comparison of the data was done by the t test,and pass rate by chi square result 48 people passed the training and examination,and the pass rate was 82.76％.The operation scores before and after training were:General (78.5 ± 6.44) vs.(89.2 ± 6.12),Department of gynecology and Obstetrics (74.3 ± 6.54) vs.(87.0 ± 6.34) of (70.6 ± 6.78) vs.(87.3 ± 6.31),rehabilitation medicine (70.2 ± 6.81) vs.(85.6 ± 6.77),Department of Stomatology (69.80 ± 7.07) vs.(82.80 ± 6.89),psychiatric (69.4 ± 7.19) vs.(80.4 ± 6.91),Department of medical imaging (69.30 ± 7.20) vs.(78.80 ± 6.94),(64.00 ± 7.25 test vs.) (76.5 ± 6.99),and the differences were statistically significant.After the training,the average score of the general professional training was 89.2,the highest score,while the average score of students trained in professional inspection department was 76.5 points,the lowest score.Chest compressions and artificial respiration,electrode plate installation project operation were the worst.Students pressed 80 times/min before but now increased to 90 seconds;as for artificial respiration,students often extended more than 30 seconds;the electrode plate installation project operation,extended more than 25 seconds.Conclusion The pass rate of different professional training and the performance before and after professional training have differences,so theory and practice need to be combined to carry out scientific and reasonable training so as to improve the train-ing residents' clinical skills.

〔Abstract〕 By literature investigation , the paper describes the current research status of the relevance between the international co -author mode and paper citation , including characteristics of current researches on the analysis level , subject and method , etc.In combi-nation with the current research status and requirements of scientific research evaluation , it provides suggestions for the conduction of re-search activities in this field .

Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS) has clinical characteristics:flaccid,symmetrical,ascending paralysis.Cranial nerves and respiratory muscle related,albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid,and electrophysiological changes.GBS was believed to be an autoimmune perineuropathy.Recently,there were more and more reports about GBS spectrum disorders or GBS variant correlated with anti-GQ1b antibody or anti-GM1 IgG antibody et al.The GBS Classification Group presented the new clinical criteria in 2014,to enable neurologists and non-neurologists to diagnose GBS and all its variants using a simple yet all-inclusive classification system.

Septic shock induced by gram negative bacteria is the leading cause of inpatient mortality. Now there are two ways in endotoxin induced cellular response: the indirect way of cytokines and the direct way. The article reviewed mechanisms of the direct intracellular way induced by endotoxin.Paid special attentions to the development of transmembrane, intracellular and intranuclear signalling and looked ahead the application in clinic.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of heavy silicone oil used as internal tamponade to treat complicated retinal detachment. Methods Retrospective 15 patients ( 15 eyes)with complicated retinal detachment, whose retinal detachment arising from inferior retinal tears. Heavy silicone oil was applied to patients during vitrectomy. Results The mean follow-up was (4.20 ± 1.62)months. Retinal reattachment and holes were closed in 15 cases. Conclusions The study shows that heavy silicone oil tamponade is effective to treat complicated retinal detachment and relatively few complications.However, its emulsification period is relatively short, which may constrain its application to a certain extent.

Objective To discuss influence of nursing intervention on complications of elderly patients with lower extremity bone fracture. Methods 105 elderly patients with lower extremity bone fracture were randomly divided into the nursing intervention group and random nursing group with 52 patients in each group. χ2 test and t test were used to compare the nursing effect in the two groups. Results The incidence rate of complication and average hospitalization time in the nursing intervention group were evidently lower than those of the random nursing group. Conclusions Nursing intervention has profound significance on rehabilitation of elderly patients with lower extremity bone fractures.