Objective To compare the theory of mind(TOM) abilities between autistic children's parents and the normal children' s,and to indirectly prove that TOM deficit in autism maybe related to heredity in cognitive neuropsychology.Methods This study examines TOM abilities in 32 autistic children' s parents and 32 normal children' s parents,using the computerized Yoni task and an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests.Results In contrast to findings in the control group,autistic children' s parents showed significantly lower scores in affective theory of mind( (23.06 ±5.12)vs(25.63 ±4.47),P＜0.01 ) and special emotion( ( 10.13 ±4.14)vs ( 14.87 ±2.21 ),P＜0.05),but not in cognitive theory of mind( (22.75 ±5.01 ) vs(22.56 ±5.63),P＞0.05).Conclusion The autistic children' s parents are impaired in affective theory of mind,and to indirectly prove that autistic TOM deficit maybe related to heredity in cognitive neuropsychology.

Objective To optimize the formulation of metoprolol succinate ( MS) controlled release pellets by central composite design-response surface methodology .Methods MS sustained-release pellets were prepared using sugar pellet cores as starter beads , ethyl cellulose as coating materials and MS itself as a pore former .The formulation of MS sustained-release pellets was optimized by a central composite design with two factors at five levels .These two factors ( two independ-ent variables) were the pore former level and coating level , and the evaluated indexes ( namely dependent variables ) included the in vitro cumulative release percentages of MS at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 h, respectively.Results and Conclusion The results of mathematical equation fitting suggested that the second-order quadratic model was the optimal fitting equa-tion.According to the response surfaces , the optimum values at the pore former level and coating level weve ranged from 16%to 18%and 20% to 25%, respectively .The in vitro cumulative release percentage of MS from the pellets at 1 h reached 9.15%,which consequently eliminated the lag phase in the initial release period and exhibited a good sustained-release effect.Central composite design-response surface methodology can be applied to optimizing the coating formulation for MS sustained release pellets .

Objective To study the effect of surfactants on the dissolution profiles of poorly water-soluble acidic drug nimesulide from sustained-release tablets.Methods The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic sur-factant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) were used to prepare nimesulide micelles .The effect of the buffer , surfactant and ionic strength on the equilibrium solubility of the drug and the in vitro release of sustained-release tablets was studied .Results and Conclusion In pH 1.2 HCl solution, water and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, the solubilization capacity of CTAB was the highest.However, in pH 9.0 Tris buffer, when CTAB concen-tration was at about 1%, the equilibrium solubility of nimesulide was at the trough value .The in vitro release results were similar to those of equilibrium solubility and the kinetic pattern conformed to the first order equation according to the coefficient R .

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT) initially with urinary calculus .Methods The clinical data of 26 patients who diagnosed as PHPT ini-tially with urinary calculus were retrospectively reviewed .Results There were 22 cases with bilateral urinary calculus and 4 cases with unilateral relapsed urinary calculus .Ultrasonography , CT and radionuclide were helpful to determine the location of the neoplasia .24 cases underwent percutaneous nephroscope or ureteroscopy pneu-matic ballistic lithotripsy , 2 cases discharged ureteral calculi by themselves .All patients were performed surgical treatment of PHPT , which was confirmed by intraoperative frozen pathology and postoperative pathological exami -nation.There was great improvement of clinical symptoms after surgical procedures .The preoperative serum calci-um, urine calcium and parathyroid hormone elevated , while serum phosphate decreased .The postoperative indi-cators were just the opposite .The difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Laboratory investigations and imaging studies are very important to diagnose PHPT initially with urinary calculus .The para-thyroid surgery can remarkably reduce the calculus recurrence and improve renal function .

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)or detecting the occurrence of acute rejection(AR)after heart transplantation(HT).Methods:From 2019 to 2021, 44 HT recipients are prospectively recruited from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital.Another 51 healthy volunteers are recruited from a local community as healthy controls.CMR studies are performed for obtaining baseline parameters.According to the clinicopathological diagnostic criteria of AR by the consensus of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, 81 CMR studies of 44 HT recipients are further divided into two groups of AR (18 cases)and non-AR(71 cases). CMR parameters includ global ventricular structure/function, T2, T1, extracellular volume(ECV)and late gadolinium enhancement(LGE). A combined model is established by binary Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC)constructed.Results:The age range is(41.8±16.8)years in 44 HT recipients and(41.8±9.7)years in 51 healthy controls.T1 mapping indicated that myocardial global ECV of left ventricle is significantly higher in AR patients than non-AR controls(32.4%±6.0% vs 28.5%±2.4%; P<0.001 9). Global native T1 is higher in AR group than that in non-AR group(49.8±3.1 vs 47.5±2.8 ms, P=0.009)and the difference is statistically significant.The cutoff value of global ECV is 30.62% with a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 86% for detecting AR.And T2 mapping reveale that T2 value of global left ventricle is significantly higher in AR group than that in non-AR group(49.8±3.1 vs 47.5±2.8 ms, P=0.009). LGE extent is significantly higher in AR group than those in non-AR group( P=0.004). Through including global native T1 and ECV into a logistic regression model, multiparametric CMR can yield an area under curve(AUC)of 0.794.It hints at the potential of CMR for detecting AR. Conclusions:Multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance offers an excellent predictive capacity for a noninvasive detection of AR.

Objective:To analyze the research progress and hotspots on drug resistance of helicobacter pylori in China and abroad since 2000, in order to provide theoretical reference and basis for the study of digestive system diseases.Methods:The Chinese and English literature related to helicobacter pylori resistance, which were included in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database and the Web of Science database, were searched from 2000 to 2021. We imported the retrieved literature into Citespace6.1.R2 software, performed visual analysis on authors, countries and institutions, keywords, cited literature, and drew visual graphs.Results:A total of 2 824 Chinese literature and 1 885 English literature were included. The authors with the highest volume of publications in Chinese and English literature are Hu Fulian and Gisbert JP, respectively. The institutions with the highest volume of publications are the First School of Medicine, Beijing University and the Baylor School of Medicine in the United States. The keywords with high centrality in Chinese literature include clarithromycin, eradication rate, drug resistance, amoxicillin, metronidazole, etc. In the analysis of cited literature, it was observed that the Maastricht Consensus report holds an important position in this field.Conclusions:The use of Citespace visualization analysis has intuitively elucidated the research hotspots on the drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori.

In this research, we studied the formation of Drosophila melanogaster FADD (Fas-associated death domain-containing protein) amyloid fiber and its influence on signal transduction in IMD (Immune deficiency) signaling pathway to better understand the regulation mechanism of Drosophila innate immune signaling pathway, which will provide reference for the immune regulation in other species. First, we purified dFADD protein expressed in Escherichia coli and performed Sulfur flavin T binding and transmission electron microscopy to identify the dFADD amyloid fibers formed in vitro. Then we investigated the formation of dFADD polymers in S2 cells using SDD-AGE and confocal microscope. We also constructed dFADD mutants to find out which domain is essential to fiber formation and its effect on IMD signal transduction. Our results revealed that dFADD could be polymerized to form amyloid fiber polymers in vitro and inside the cells. Formation of fibers relies on DED (Death-effector domain) domain of dFADD, since DED domain-deleted mutant existed as a monomer. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that intact DED domain was required for the induction of downstream antimicrobial peptides, indicating that fiber formation was the key to IMD signal transduction. Our study revealed the role of dFADD in mediating the cascade between IMD and Dredd in the IMD signaling pathway by forming amyloid fibers, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanism of innate immune signaling pathway.
Animals ; Drosophila Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; immunology ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; immunology ; Signal Transduction

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among Chinese residents, and non-invasive imaging technology has important value in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can characterize cardiac pathophysiological information from multiple dimensions, including cardiac structure, function, tissue characteristics, and microstructure, through multi parameter and multi sequence " one-stop" imaging. This article will focus on new technologies such as CMRT1 mapping, feature tracking, and diffusion tensor imaging, and explain their applications and progress in the diagnosis, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis prediction of various myocardial lesions such as non ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart disease.

ObjectiveTo explore the current status and issues regarding the application of ancient books in clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） published in China， and to provide methodological recommendations for the incorporation of ancient books in the development of TCM guidelines. MethodsWe searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， WanFang Data， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Embase， as well as six industry websites including China Association of Chinese Medicine， National Group Standards Information Platform， and Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine，etc. TCM clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus issued during January 1st， 2017， to November 26th， 2022 were searched. Clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus that explicitly referred to ancient books were included， and the content regarding the searching for ancient books， sources of access to ancient books， methods of evaluating the level of evidence， methods of evaluating the level of recommendation， and methods of evaluating the evidence for the ancient books were analysed. ResultsA total of 1,215 TCM clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus were retrieved， with 442 articles explicitly mentioning the application of ancient books， including 300 （67.87%） clinical practice guidelines and 142 （32.13%） expert consensus. Sixty of the 442 publications explicitly reported that ancient books searching had been conducted （13.57%）； among these 60 publications 27 （45.00%） explicitly reported ancient books searching strategies， and the most frequent method was manual searching with a total of 24 articles （40.00%）. The most popular search source was Chinese Medical Dictionary， a TCM classics database， with a total of 18 articles. 197 articles （44.57%） explicitly reported the evaluation criteria for the level of evidence， of which 141 articles （71.57%） involved the evaluation criteria for the ancient books； 413 articles （93.44%） mentioned ancient books in the recommendations， and only the source of formula name was mentioned in 409 （99.03%） of the publications. ConclusionThe current application of ancient books in TCM clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus is limited， with issues of non-standard searching and evaluation methods. Standar-dization and uniformity are needed in evidence grading and recommendation standards. Future research should clarify the scope and methods of applying ancient book， emphasize their integration with modern research evidence， and enhance their value and quality in the development of TCM clinical practice guidelines.

Objective To explore the postoperative characteristics and management experience of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) undergoing cardiac and vascular surgery. Methods From December 7, 2022 to January 5, 2023, the patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University and underwent cardiac and vascular surgery were selected. The clinical history, surgical information, postoperative recovery process and treatment plan were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 18 patients in this group, including 11 (61.1%) males and 7 (38.9%) females, with an average age of 58.1±10.9 years. There were 7 patients of hypertension, 5 patients of diabetes, 3 patients of respiratory diseases, and 2 patient of chronic renal insufficiency. There were 5 (27.8%) patients receiving emergency operations and 13 (72.2%) elective operations. All the 18 patients underwent cardiac and vascular surgery in the period of COVID-19, and the time between the last positive nucleic acid test and the surgery was 1.50 (1.00, 6.25) days. There were 8 patients of pulmonary imaging changes, including 3 patients with chest patch shadow, 3 patients with thickened and disordered lung markings, and 2 patients with exudative changes before operation. Antiviral therapy was not adopted in all patients before operation. Three patients were complicated with viral pneumonia after operation, including 2 patients with high risk factors before operation, who developed into severe pneumonia after operation, and underwent tracheotomy. One patient with thrombus recovered after anticoagulation treatment. Another patient of mild pneumonia recovered after antiviral treatment. The other 15 patients recovered well without major complications. There was no operation-related death in the whole group. One patient died after surgery, with a mortality rate of 5.6%. Conclusion Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of cardiac and vascular surgery, and patients with high-risk factors may rapidly progress to severe pneumonia. Patients with preoperative lung imaging changes or other basic visceral diseases should consider delaying the operation. Early antiviral combined with immunomodulation treatment for emergency surgery patients may help improve the prognosis.